How we explore unanswered questions in physics | James Beacham

108,062 views ใƒป 2017-01-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yountae Jung ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:13
There is something about physics
1
13087
4185
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ
00:17
that has been really bothering me since I was a little kid.
2
17296
4000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ง ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And it's related to a question
3
23010
1809
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
00:24
that scientists have been asking for almost 100 years,
4
24843
3244
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100๋…„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:28
with no answer.
5
28111
1169
ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
How do the smallest things in nature,
6
31108
3010
์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ
00:34
the particles of the quantum world,
7
34142
2153
์–‘์ž ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€
00:36
match up with the largest things in nature --
8
36319
3031
์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€
00:39
planets and stars and galaxies held together by gravity?
9
39374
3247
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰์„ฑ, ๋ณ„, ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:43
As a kid, I would puzzle over questions just like this.
10
43250
2773
์–ด๋ ธ๋˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
I would fiddle around with microscopes and electromagnets,
11
46047
2892
์ €๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ „์ž์„์„ ๋งŒ์ง€์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋†€์•˜๊ณ 
00:48
and I would read about the forces of the small
12
48963
2195
์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋‚˜ ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…๋„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:51
and about quantum mechanics
13
51182
1334
---------------------------------
00:52
and I would marvel at how well that description matched up
14
52540
3564
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
00:56
to our observation.
15
56128
1170
๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Then I would look at the stars,
16
58220
1583
์ €๋Š” ๋ณ„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:59
and I would read about how well we understand gravity,
17
59827
2524
์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…๋„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:02
and I would think surely, there must be some elegant way
18
62375
3350
๋‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”
01:05
that these two systems match up.
19
65749
2645
ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
But there's not.
20
69021
1401
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
And the books would say,
21
71673
1160
๊ทธ ์ฑ…์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:12
yeah, we understand a lot about these two realms separately,
22
72857
3183
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:16
but when we try to link them mathematically,
23
76064
2610
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:18
everything breaks.
24
78698
1330
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:20
And for 100 years,
25
80674
1310
์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„๊ฐ„
01:22
none of our ideas as to how to solve this basically physics disaster,
26
82008
5028
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋Œ€๋ž€์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„
01:27
has ever been supported by evidence.
27
87060
1814
๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
And to little old me --
28
90271
1654
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ
01:31
little, curious, skeptical James --
29
91949
1810
ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š”
01:33
this was a supremely unsatisfying answer.
30
93783
2868
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ .
01:38
So, I'm still a skeptical little kid.
31
98011
2233
์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:40
Flash-forward now to December of 2015,
32
100268
3810
2015๋…„ 12์›”์ธ ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
01:45
when I found myself smack in the middle
33
105029
2474
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:47
of the physics world being flipped on its head.
34
107527
2940
์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ € ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
It all started when we at CERN saw something intriguing in our data:
35
111999
3320
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ž…์ž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(CERN)์—์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜€์ฃ .
01:55
a hint of a new particle,
36
115343
2274
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง•ํ›„.
01:57
an inkling of a possibly extraordinary answer to this question.
37
117641
4216
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์™ธ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So I'm still a skeptical little kid, I think,
38
123777
2127
์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:05
but I'm also now a particle hunter.
39
125928
2133
์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
I am a physicist at CERN's Large Hadron Collider,
40
128085
3463
์ €๋Š” CERN์˜ ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
the largest science experiment ever mounted.
41
131572
3471
์—ญ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๋น„์ฃ .
02:15
It's a 27-kilometer tunnel on the border of France and Switzerland
42
135877
3535
์ด ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 27 km์˜ ํ„ฐ๋„๋กœ์„œ
02:19
buried 100 meters underground.
43
139436
1850
์ง€ํ•˜ 100 m ๊นŠ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
And in this tunnel,
44
141310
1154
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ„ฐ๋„ ์•ˆ์—
02:22
we use superconducting magnets colder than outer space
45
142488
3953
๋ฐ”๊นฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
to accelerate protons to almost the speed of light
46
146465
3061
์–‘์ž๋ฅผ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
02:29
and slam them into each other millions of times per second,
47
149550
3877
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์–‘์ž๋“ค์„ ์ดˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
collecting the debris of these collisions
48
153451
2826
์ด ์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ํŒŒํŽธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„
02:36
to search for new, undiscovered fundamental particles.
49
156301
3971
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Its design and construction took decades of work
50
160727
2464
์ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ 
02:43
by thousands of physicists from around the globe,
51
163215
3032
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and in the summer of 2015,
52
166271
2541
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2015๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€
02:48
we had been working tirelessly to switch on the LHC
53
168836
3424
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ(LHC)์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‰ผ์—†์ด ์ผํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
at the highest energy that humans have ever used in a collider experiment.
54
172284
4467
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
02:57
Now, higher energy is important
55
177735
2523
์ถฉ๋Œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
because for particles, there is an equivalence
56
180282
2187
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
03:02
between energy and particle mass,
57
182493
2201
ํ‰ํ˜•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:04
and mass is just a number put there by nature.
58
184718
2461
์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
To discover new particles,
59
188068
1318
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:09
we need to reach these bigger numbers.
60
189410
2122
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And to do that, we have to build a bigger, higher energy collider,
61
191556
3254
์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:14
and the biggest, highest energy collider in the world
62
194834
2565
์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
03:17
is the Large Hadron Collider.
63
197423
1466
๊ฐ•์ž…์ž์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ(LHC)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
And then, we collide protons quadrillions of times,
64
200271
4899
์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1000์กฐ ํšŒ์˜ ์–‘์ž ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
and we collect this data very slowly, over months and months.
65
205194
4284
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์šฐ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
And then new particles might show up in our data as bumps --
66
210813
4335
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉด
03:35
slight deviations from what you expect,
67
215172
2445
์˜ˆ์ธก๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:37
little clusters of data points that make a smooth line not so smooth.
68
217641
3967
๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก์ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
For example, this bump,
69
222379
1721
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:45
after months of data-taking in 2012,
70
225010
2533
2012๋…„์— ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:47
led to the discovery of the Higgs particle --
71
227567
2129
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
the Higgs boson --
72
229720
1205
ํž‰์Šค ๋ณด์†์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:50
and to a Nobel Prize for the confirmation of its existence.
73
230949
3365
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
This jump up in energy in 2015
74
235972
3558
2015๋…„์—๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์˜ฌ๋ ค
04:00
represented the best chance that we as a species had ever had
75
240628
3292
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ 
04:03
of discovering new particles --
76
243944
1477
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
new answers to these long-standing questions,
77
245445
2112
์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
because it was almost twice as much energy as we used
78
247581
3097
ํž‰์Šค ๋ณด์†์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๋–„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜
04:10
when we discovered the Higgs boson.
79
250702
1922
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:12
Many of my colleagues had been working their entire careers for this moment,
80
252648
3741
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
and frankly, to little curious me,
81
256413
2076
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†”์งํžˆ, ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ €๋„
04:18
this was the moment I'd been waiting for my entire life.
82
258513
2910
์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‰์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
So 2015 was go time.
83
261447
1731
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2015๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:24
So June 2015,
84
264654
2210
2015๋…„ 6์›”์—
04:27
the LHC is switched back on.
85
267722
2659
LHC๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
My colleagues and I held our breath and bit our fingernails,
86
271040
2877
์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆจ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์†ํ†ฑ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋œฏ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:33
and then finally we saw the first proton collisions
87
273941
2511
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์–‘์ž ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
at this highest energy ever.
88
276476
1956
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜€์ฃ .
04:38
Applause, champagne, celebration.
89
278456
2076
๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒดํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
This was a milestone for science,
90
280556
3596
์ด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
and we had no idea what we would find in this brand-new data.
91
284176
4622
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:51
And then a few weeks later, we found a bump.
92
291990
2178
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ํ›„, ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
It wasn't a very big bump,
93
296192
1676
์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:58
but it was big enough to make you raise your eyebrow.
94
298952
2512
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€์ฃ .
๋†€๋ผ์›€์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ 1๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๊นŒ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:01
But on a scale of one to 10 for eyebrow raises,
95
301488
2251
05:03
if 10 indicates that you've discovered a new particle,
96
303763
2610
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 10์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ด ๋†€๋ผ์›€์€ 4์ฏค ๋˜๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
05:06
this eyebrow raise is about a four.
97
306397
1727
05:08
(Laughter)
98
308148
1150
(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:10
I spent hours, days, weeks in secret meetings,
99
310432
5211
์ €๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
arguing with my colleagues over this little bump,
100
315667
2360
์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:18
poking and prodding it with our most ruthless experimental sticks
101
318051
3236
์‹คํ—˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ •์—†์ด ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด
05:21
to see if it would withstand scrutiny.
102
321311
1977
์ •๋ฐ€์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
But even after months of working feverishly --
103
323988
3461
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ์€
05:27
sleeping in our offices and not going home,
104
327473
2432
์ง‘ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž ์„ ์žค๊ณ 
05:29
candy bars for dinner,
105
329929
2077
์ €๋…์„ ์ดˆ์ฝ”๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋•Œ์šฐ๊ณ 
05:32
coffee by the bucketful --
106
332030
1570
์ปคํ”ผ๋งŒ ์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์…จ์ฃ .
05:33
physicists are machines for turning coffee into diagrams --
107
333624
4243
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๋กœ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:37
(Laughter)
108
337891
1399
(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:39
This little bump would not go away.
109
339314
2536
์ด ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:42
So after a few months,
110
342704
2138
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„
05:44
we presented our little bump to the world with a very clear message:
111
344866
3710
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํญํŒ”์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
this little bump is interesting but it's not definitive,
112
349457
2711
์ด ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
05:52
so let's keep an eye on it as we take more data.
113
352192
3329
์ผ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
So we were trying to be extremely cool about it.
114
355872
2291
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค ์• ์ผ์ฃ .
05:59
And the world ran with it anyway.
115
359463
2188
์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
The news loved it.
116
362383
1632
๋‰ด์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
06:04
People said it reminded them of the little bump
117
364735
2555
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ „์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
that was shown on the way toward the Higgs boson discovery.
118
367314
3423
ํž‰์Šค ๋ณด์†์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ทธ ํญ๋ฐœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:10
Better than that, my theorist colleagues --
119
370761
3128
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ œ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
06:14
I love my theorist colleagues --
120
374548
2317
์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„
06:16
my theorist colleagues wrote 500 papers about this little bump.
121
376889
3612
์ด ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด 500ํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
(Laughter)
122
380525
1455
(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:22
The world of particle physics had been flipped on its head.
123
382574
3966
์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
But what was it about this particular bump
124
387745
4242
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•œ
06:32
that caused thousands of physicists to collectively lose their cool?
125
392011
4090
์ด ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:37
This little bump was unique.
126
397596
1436
์ด ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ๋…ํŠนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
This little bump indicated
127
400198
1369
์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์€
06:41
that we were seeing an unexpectedly large number of collisions
128
401591
3022
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
whose debris consisted of only two photons,
129
404637
3331
๊ทธ ํŒŒํŽธ์€ ์˜ค์ง ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด‘์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
two particles of light.
130
407992
1244
์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น›์˜ ์ž…์ž์ฃ .
06:49
And that's rare.
131
409260
1237
์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Particle collisions are not like automobile collisions.
132
411069
2620
์ž…์ž ์ถฉ๋Œ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
They have different rules.
133
413713
1519
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ฃ .
06:55
When two particles collide at almost the speed of light,
134
415256
2650
๋‘ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด‘์†์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:57
the quantum world takes over.
135
417930
1421
์–‘์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
And in the quantum world,
136
419375
1260
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์–‘์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
07:00
these two particles can briefly create a new particle
137
420659
3193
์ด ๋‘ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
07:03
that lives for a tiny fraction of a second
138
423876
2780
๊ทธ ์ž…์ž๋Š” 1์ดˆ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
before splitting into other particles that hit our detector.
139
426680
2881
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž…์ž๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ ธ์„œ ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
07:09
Imagine a car collision where the two cars vanish upon impact,
140
429585
3405
์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:13
a bicycle appears in their place --
141
433014
2269
07:15
(Laughter)
142
435307
1071
(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:16
And then that bicycle explodes into two skateboards,
143
436402
2461
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ณด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:18
which hit our detector.
144
438887
1181
๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
(Laughter)
145
440092
1379
(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:21
Hopefully, not literally.
146
441495
1953
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:23
They're very expensive.
147
443472
1342
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ธ์š”.
07:26
Events where only two photons hit out detector are very rare.
148
446191
3748
์˜ค์ง ๋‘ ๊ด‘์ž๋งŒ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And because of the special quantum properties of photons,
149
449963
3722
๊ด‘์ž์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ž ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:33
there's a very small number of possible new particles --
150
453709
3788
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
these mythical bicycles --
151
457521
1497
์‹ ๋น„์˜ ์ž์ „๊ฐ€์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
07:39
that can give birth to only two photons.
152
459042
2243
์˜ค์ง ๋‘ ๊ด‘์ž๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:41
But one of these options is huge,
153
461812
2836
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:44
and it has to do with that long-standing question
154
464672
2836
์˜ค๋žœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
that bothered me as a tiny little kid,
155
467532
2522
์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ์ €๋ฅผ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜
07:50
about gravity.
156
470078
1360
์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
07:53
Gravity may seem super strong to you,
157
473946
2672
์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:56
but it's actually crazily weak compared to the other forces of nature.
158
476642
4100
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํž˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์•ฝํ•œ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
I can briefly beat gravity when I jump,
159
480766
2631
๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:04
but I can't pick a proton out of my hand.
160
484390
2843
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์†์—์„œ ์–‘์ž๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
The strength of gravity compared to the other forces of nature?
161
488463
3216
์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํž˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:12
It's 10 to the minus 39.
162
492480
2190
10์˜ -39์Šน ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
That's a decimal with 39 zeros after it.
163
494694
2537
์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์•„๋ž˜ 0์ด 39๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:17
Worse than that,
164
497255
1157
์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
08:18
all of the other known forces of nature are perfectly described
165
498436
3027
์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํž˜์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
by this thing we call the Standard Model,
166
501487
2037
ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
08:23
which is our current best description of nature at its smallest scales,
167
503548
3435
์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํž˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
08:27
and quite frankly,
168
507007
1156
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์—…์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
one of the most successful achievements of humankind --
169
508187
4177
08:32
except for gravity, which is absent from the Standard Model.
170
512388
4012
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ชจํ˜•์—๋Š” ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
It's crazy.
171
516424
1150
๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
08:38
It's almost as though most of gravity has gone missing.
172
518046
3100
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
We feel a little bit of it,
173
522394
1667
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ
08:44
but where's the rest of it?
174
524085
1676
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€์š”?
08:45
No one knows.
175
525785
1282
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:48
But one theoretical explanation proposes a wild solution.
176
528003
4403
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ด๋ก ์  ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
You and I --
177
534120
1339
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ €๋Š”
08:55
even you in the back --
178
535483
1578
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋’ค์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋„์š”.
08:57
we live in three dimensions of space.
179
537085
2145
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:59
I hope that's a non-controversial statement.
180
539254
2557
๋‹ค๋“ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒฌ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
(Laughter)
181
541835
1829
(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:03
All of the known particles also live in three dimensions of space.
182
543688
3438
์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž…์ž๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
In fact, a particle is just another name
183
547150
2190
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€
09:09
for an excitation in a three-dimensional field;
184
549364
3009
3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ž‘์šฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:12
a localized wobbling in space.
185
552397
1920
๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ์ง„๋™์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
More importantly, all the math that we use to describe all this stuff
186
555288
3529
๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š”
09:18
assumes that there are only three dimensions of space.
187
558841
3073
3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
But math is math, and we can play around with our math however we want.
188
561938
3381
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ฃ .
09:25
And people have been playing around with extra dimensions of space
189
565343
3166
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
for a very long time,
190
568533
1155
๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”์ฃ .
09:29
but it's always been an abstract mathematical concept.
191
569712
2585
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฑด ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
I mean, just look around you -- you at the back, look around --
192
572321
3172
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:35
there's clearly only three dimensions of space.
193
575517
2281
ํ™•์‹คํžˆ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
09:38
But what if that's not true?
194
578954
1559
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
09:42
What if the missing gravity is leaking into an extra-spatial dimension
195
582109
6255
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด์š”?
09:48
that's invisible to you and I?
196
588388
1956
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ €์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:51
What if gravity is just as strong as the other forces
197
591355
3094
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
09:54
if you were to view it in this extra-spatial dimension,
198
594473
3141
์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํž˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
09:57
and what you and I experience is a tiny slice of gravity
199
597638
2900
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:00
make it seem very weak?
200
600562
1897
๋‹จ์ง€ ์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
10:04
If this were true,
201
604158
1175
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:05
we would have to expand our Standard Model of particles
202
605357
2748
์ž…์ž์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
to include an extra particle, a hyperdimensional particle of gravity,
203
608129
4086
์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ž…์ž, ์ฆ‰ ์ดˆ์›” ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:12
a special graviton that lives in extra-spatial dimensions.
204
612239
2995
์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์›์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
I see the looks on your faces.
205
615258
1465
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž๋‹ˆ
10:16
You should be asking me the question,
206
616747
1819
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
10:18
"How in the world are we going to test this crazy, science fiction idea,
207
618590
3644
"์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์‹ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€?
10:22
stuck as we are in three dimensions?"
208
622258
2491
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€์žˆ์ž–์•„!"
10:24
The way we always do,
209
624773
1282
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:26
by slamming together two protons --
210
626079
2139
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์–‘์ž๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
(Laughter)
211
628242
1152
(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:29
Hard enough that the collision reverberates
212
629418
2564
์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œ์ผœ
10:32
into any extra-spatial dimensions that might be there,
213
632006
2691
์กด์žฌํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์›์„ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
momentarily creating this hyperdimensional graviton
214
634721
2599
์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ดˆ์›” ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:37
that then snaps back into the three dimensions of the LHC
215
637344
4380
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์ฐจ์›์˜ LHC๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
10:41
and spits off two photons,
216
641748
1822
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด‘์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฑ‰์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
two particles of light.
217
644278
1338
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น›์˜ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฑ‰์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
10:47
And this hypothetical, extra-dimensional graviton
218
647417
2910
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ์›” ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด
10:50
is one of the only possible, hypothetical new particles
219
650351
3707
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
that has the special quantum properties
220
654082
2135
ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ
10:56
that could give birth to our little, two-photon bump.
221
656241
4236
๋‘ ๊ด‘์ž์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์ค„ ์ž…์ž์ฃ .
11:02
So, the possibility of explaining the mysteries of gravity
222
662000
5820
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:07
and of discovering extra dimensions of space --
223
667844
3498
๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
11:11
perhaps now you get a sense
224
671366
1592
๋‹ค๋“ค ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
11:12
as to why thousands of physics geeks collectively lost their cool
225
672982
4124
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•œ
11:17
over our little, two-photon bump.
226
677130
1882
์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋‘ ์–‘์ž์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
A discovery of this type would rewrite the textbooks.
227
679036
2900
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์จ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
But remember,
228
682739
1152
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด๋‘์„ธ์š”.
11:23
the message from us experimentalists
229
683915
1724
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
that actually were doing this work at the time,
230
685663
2239
11:27
was very clear:
231
687926
1154
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
we need more data.
232
689104
1174
11:30
With more data,
233
690302
1519
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
11:31
the little bump will either turn into a nice, crisp Nobel Prize --
234
691845
4024
์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ˆ๋”ฐ๋ˆํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:35
(Laughter)
235
695893
1760
(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:37
Or the extra data will fill in the space around the bump
236
697677
2964
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํญ๋ฐœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:40
and turn it into a nice, smooth line.
237
700665
1866
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
So we took more data,
238
703515
1218
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
and with five times the data, several months later,
239
704757
2577
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„, ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ 5๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:47
our little bump
240
707358
1690
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํญ๋ฐœ์€
11:49
turned into a smooth line.
241
709072
2348
๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
The news reported on a "huge disappointment," on "faded hopes,"
242
715217
3484
๋‰ด์Šค๋Š” "์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์‹ค๋ง" ๋˜๋Š” "์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ํฌ๋ง"์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:58
and on particle physicists "being sad."
243
718725
2510
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์šธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Given the tone of the coverage,
244
721259
1811
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณด๋„๊ฐ€ ์‡„๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:03
you'd think that we had decided to shut down the LHC and go home.
245
723094
3488
๋‹ค๋“ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ LHC ๊ฐ€๋™์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:06
(Laughter)
246
726606
1150
(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:08
But that's not what we did.
247
728628
1603
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
But why not?
248
733057
2014
์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:16
I mean, if I didn't discover a particle -- and I didn't --
249
736475
2845
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด-- ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:20
if I didn't discover a particle, why am I here talking to you?
250
740209
3029
์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์™œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
์™œ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์— ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋–จ๊ตฌ๊ณ 
12:23
Why didn't I just hang my head in shame
251
743262
2437
12:25
and go home?
252
745723
1224
์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:31
Particle physicists are explorers.
253
751169
3351
์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
And very much of what we do is cartography.
254
755421
2952
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Let me put it this way: forget about the LHC for a second.
255
759468
2852
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . LHC๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ์ ‘์–ด๋‘๊ณ ์š”.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:42
Imagine you are a space explorer arriving at a distant planet,
256
762344
3382
12:45
searching for aliens.
257
765750
1325
์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
12:47
What is your first task?
258
767099
1522
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฒซ ์ž„๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
12:49
To immediately orbit the planet, land, take a quick look around
259
769931
3076
์ฆ‰์‹œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:53
for any big, obvious signs of life,
260
773031
1886
๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
and report back to home base.
261
774941
1819
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋ถ€์—๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:56
That's the stage we're at now.
262
776784
1624
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
We took a first look at the LHC
263
779269
1487
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” LHC๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
for any new, big, obvious-to-spot particles,
264
780780
2284
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
13:03
and we can report that there are none.
265
783088
1950
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
We saw a weird-looking alien bump on a distant mountain,
266
785631
2673
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
but once we got closer, we saw it was a rock.
267
788328
2170
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
13:10
But then what do we do? Do we just give up and fly away?
268
790816
2640
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋ญ์ฃ ? ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
13:13
Absolutely not;
269
793480
1287
๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
we would be terrible scientists if we did.
270
794791
2305
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:17
No, we spend the next couple of decades exploring,
271
797120
3613
์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋’ค 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:20
mapping out the territory,
272
800757
1480
๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:22
sifting through the sand with a fine instrument,
273
802261
2365
์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ 
13:24
peeking under every stone,
274
804650
1458
๋Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ณ 
13:26
drilling under the surface.
275
806132
1554
ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋šซ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
New particles can either show up immediately
276
808106
2593
์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด
ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:30
as big, obvious-to-spot bumps,
277
810723
2133
13:32
or they can only reveal themselves after years of data taking.
278
812880
3941
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋’ค์—์•ผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Humanity has just begun its exploration at the LHC at this big high energy,
279
818103
4410
์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ LHC๋กœ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
and we have much searching to do.
280
822537
1791
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ง๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
13:44
But what if, even after 10 or 20 years, we still find no new particles?
281
824352
5825
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 10๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 20๋…„ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ƒˆ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•˜์ฃ ?
13:51
We build a bigger machine.
282
831053
1695
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
(Laughter)
283
832772
1574
(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:54
We search at higher energies.
284
834370
1690
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
13:56
We search at higher energies.
285
836476
1570
๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
Planning is already underway for a 100-kilometer tunnel
286
838946
3053
100km ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ํ„ฐ๋„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
that will collide particles at 10 times the energy of the LHC.
287
842612
2976
LHC์˜ 10๋ฐฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
We don't decide where nature places new particles.
288
845612
2337
์ž์—ฐ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์ƒˆ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
We only decide to keep exploring.
289
848366
1646
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
14:10
But what if, even after a 100-kilometer tunnel
290
850036
2558
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ 100 km ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ดํ›„์—๋„
14:12
or a 500-kilometer tunnel
291
852618
1860
ํ˜น์€ 500km์˜ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ดํ›„์—๋„
14:14
or a 10,000-kilometer collider floating in space
292
854502
2841
ํ˜น์€ 10,000km ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋„์šด ๋’ค์—๋„
14:17
between the Earth and the Moon,
293
857367
1578
14:18
we still find no new particles?
294
858969
3062
์ƒˆ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:23
Then perhaps we're doing particle physics wrong.
295
863597
2694
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:26
(Laughter)
296
866315
1791
(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:28
Perhaps we need to rethink things.
297
868130
1957
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
Maybe we need more resources, technology, expertise
298
871127
3262
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
than what we currently have.
299
874413
1508
์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด์š”.
14:36
We already use artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques
300
876610
3341
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
in parts of the LHC,
301
879975
1153
LHC์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:41
but imagine designing a particle physics experiment
302
881152
2406
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:43
using such sophisticated algorithms
303
883582
1669
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
14:45
that it could teach itself to discover a hyperdimensional graviton.
304
885275
3168
์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
But what if?
305
888467
1157
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์—์š”.
14:49
What if the ultimate question:
306
889648
1445
์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
14:51
What if even artificial intelligence can't help us answer our questions?
307
891117
3473
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด
14:54
What if these open questions, for centuries,
308
894614
2111
14:56
are destined to be unanswered for the foreseeable future?
309
896749
2669
์žฅ๋ž˜์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์šด๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•˜์ฃ ?
14:59
What if the stuff that's bothered me since I was a little kid
310
899442
2929
์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜”๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด
15:02
is destined to be unanswered in my lifetime?
311
902395
2523
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์šด๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:06
Then that ...
312
906395
1156
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:08
will be even more fascinating.
313
908282
2094
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
We will be forced to think in completely new ways.
314
912144
3225
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
We'll have to go back to our assumptions,
315
916361
2058
์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
15:18
and determine if there was a flaw somewhere.
316
918443
2339
์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
And we'll need to encourage more people to join us in studying science
317
921401
3395
๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:24
since we need fresh eyes on these century-old problems.
318
924820
3062
์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š” ์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:27
I don't have the answers, and I'm still searching for them.
319
927906
3134
์ €๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
15:31
But someone -- maybe she's in school right now,
320
931064
2329
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ 
15:33
maybe she's not even born yet --
321
933417
1684
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•„์ง ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
15:35
could eventually guide us to see physics in a completely new way,
322
935783
3133
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
and to point out that perhaps we're just asking the wrong questions.
323
938940
4268
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
15:44
Which would not be the end of physics,
324
944112
2410
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
15:46
but a novel beginning.
325
946546
1406
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
Thank you.
326
949204
1150
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
(Applause)
327
950378
2541
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7