What If a Simple Blood Test Could Detect Cancer? | Hani Goodarzi | TED

55,002 views ・ 2024-01-30

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ines Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:04
Catching cancer at its earliest stages,
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μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ‰¬μš΄ 초기 단계에 암을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λ©΄
00:07
when it's most treatable, can save countless lives.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 생λͺ…을 ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
But the million-dollar question is:
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00:12
in an otherwise healthy body made up of trillions of cells,
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β€œμˆ˜λ°±λ§Œ 개 μ„Έν¬λ‘œ 이루어진 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‹ μ²΄μ—μ„œ
00:16
how can we zero in on a small group of rogue cancer cells?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ•…μ„± 암세포λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 집어낼 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?”
00:20
The answer, I think,
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제 생각에 닡은,
00:22
may be rooted in something that, thanks to the pandemic,
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팬데믹 덕뢄에 κ½€λ‚˜ 잘 μ•Œκ²Œ 된 것에 뿌리λ₯Ό 두고 μžˆμ„ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
we have all come to know quite well, and that is RNA.
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λ°”λ‘œ RNAμ£ .
00:28
I think these days, everyone has a basic understanding of how RNA works.
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μš”μ¦˜μ€ λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ RNA의 μž‘μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 기본적인 μ΄ν•΄λŠ” μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Again, thanks to the COVID vaccines.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ, μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜19 λ°±μ‹  덕뢄이죠.
00:34
But basically, RNA is transcribed from DNA in the cell,
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그런데 기본적으둜 RNAλŠ” 세포 λ‚΄ DNAλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ „μ‚¬λ˜λ©°
00:38
and messenger RNA specifically serves as a template for protein synthesis.
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특히 λ©”μ‹ μ € RNA(mRNA)λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ ν•©μ„±μ˜ μ£Όν˜• 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
So usually the more mRNA you have in the cell,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 일반적으둜 세포에 mRNAκ°€ λ§Žμ„μˆ˜λ‘
λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ 더 많이 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
the more protein you get.
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00:49
But our discovery is a little bit different.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 우리의 λ°œκ²¬μ€ 쑰금 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
We have found a new class of RNAs
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•” 검진에 λŒ€ν•œ 생각을 바꿔놓은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ RNA μ’…λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
that have changed how we think about cancer detection.
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00:57
These are relatively small RNAs,
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이듀은 비ꡐ적 μž‘μ€ RNA이며
00:59
and they don't actually code for any protein.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ„ λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
So they're non-coding.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λΆ€ν˜Έν™”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:03
And since we found them, we got to name them.
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μ°Ύμ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆ 이름을 μ§€μ–΄μ•Όκ² λ„€μš”.
01:06
And we have called them orphan non-coding RNAs
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것듀을 외톨이 λΉ„λΆ€ν˜Έν™” RNA μ€„μ—¬μ„œ oncRNA둜 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
or oncRNAs for short.
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01:11
These oncRNAs have not only changed
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이 oncRNAλŠ”
01:14
and transformed our approach to cancer detection
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ν˜ˆμ•‘μ—μ„œ 암을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λΉ„μΉ¨μŠ΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμ„ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:17
from blood non-invasively,
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01:19
but they've also helped open a window into the tumor itself for us.
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μ’…μ–‘ 자체λ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 창을 μ—΄μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
So leveraging these RNAs,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ RNAλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λ©΄
01:26
we are not only detecting cancer earlier,
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암을 쑰기에 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:29
we are actually peering into its biology.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ•”μ˜ 생리λ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
So with that short introduction, let me break down the science for you.
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이 짧은 μ†Œκ°œμ— μ΄μ–΄μ„œ μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 우리 λͺΈμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ„Έν¬λŠ”
01:38
As you may know, every cell in our body shares the same genetic code
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  세포와 λ™μΌν•œ μœ μ „μž μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
as every other cell.
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01:43
It's as if our cells have access to the same pantry,
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마치 우리 세포가 같은 μ‹λ£Œν’ˆ μ €μž₯싀을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:47
but then they use different recipes
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰리법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
01:49
to mix the same ingredients into different dishes.
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같은 재료둜 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
It's actually the diversity in genomic recipes
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사싀 μœ μ „μ  μš”λ¦¬λ²•μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해
01:56
that gives us the more than 200 cell types we have in our bodies,
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우리 λͺΈμ— μžˆλŠ” 200가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ 세포 μœ ν˜•μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
each with their own distinct role and function,
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이듀은 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ ν”ΌλΆ€ μ„Έν¬λ‚˜ μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬μ²˜λŸΌ
02:02
like skin cells, for example, or neurons.
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각자의 λͺ…ν™•ν•œ μ—­ν• κ³Ό κΈ°λŠ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
And as you can imagine,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 상상할 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄
02:07
there is a complex machinery in place in the cell that governs this process
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이 과정을 λͺ¨λ‘ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ 세포 μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:13
and tells the cell for each of its 20,000 genes
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μ΄λŠ” μ„Έν¬μ—κ²Œ μœ μ „μžλ“€ 2만 개 각각에 λŒ€ν•΄
02:16
how much of them it needs to express
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ•Ό κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ³  잘 μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 세포가 될지 μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
to be a healthy, well-functioning cell.
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02:22
Now, cancer cells, being the resourceful survivalists that they are,
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μ•”μ„Έν¬λŠ” 생쑴 μˆ˜μ™„μ΄ 맀우 λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:28
they actually hijack components of this machinery to their advantage.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 μž₯치의 ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μœ λ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚šμ•„μ±•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
And they do this to increase the expression of genes
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μœ μ „μžμ˜ λ°œν˜„μ„ ν™•λŒ€ν•˜κ³ 
02:37
that will help the tumor grow and spread throughout the body,
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쒅양을 ν‚€μš°κ³  λͺΈ μ „μ²΄λ‘œ νΌμ§€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
or silence or down-regulate genes whose job is to keep cancer in check.
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ν˜Ήμ€ 암을 μ–΅μ œν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžλ“€μ„ λ„κ±°λ‚˜ μ–΅μ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Another way of putting this
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄
암세포듀은 μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° μ›λž˜ μœ μ „μž ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
02:49
is that cancer cells are basically hacking that original genomic recipe
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ν•΄ν‚Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
that I told you about.
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02:56
Now a few years ago, we made an interesting discovery
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λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν₯미둜운 λ°œκ²¬μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
that is actually a consequence of this genomic reprogramming
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μ΄λŠ” μ•”μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μœ μ „μž μž¬ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°μ˜ 결과둜
03:03
that happens in cancer cells, is actually a hallmark of cancer.
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μ•”μ˜ κ³ μœ ν•œ νŠΉμ§•μ΄μ£ .
03:07
Basically, parts of the genome that is normally silent
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기본적으둜 μœ μ „μžμ˜ 일정 뢀뢄듀은
κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€κ°œ μ‘°μš©ν•˜κ³  λΉ„ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:13
and inactive in healthy cells
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03:15
becomes activated in cancer.
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암이 생기면 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
And a direct consequence of this activation
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™œμ„±ν™”μ˜ 직접적인 결과둜
03:21
is the birth of a new kind of RNA.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ RNAκ°€ νƒ„μƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
That we only see these RNAs in cancer,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•”μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ RNAλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있고
03:27
but not really in healthy cells.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ³Ό 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Now over the past few years,
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 인간 μ•”μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ— 걸쳐
03:32
we have spent a lot of time basically mapping these cancer-emergent RNAs
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암이 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” RNAλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 데 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μŸμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
across human cancers.
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03:39
And as I told you earlier,
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μ•žμ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ“―μ΄ μ €ν¬λŠ” 그것듀을 oncRNA라고 이름 λΆ™μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
we have come to name them oncRNAs.
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03:45
Now, what is even more interesting
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더 ν₯미둜운 사싀은
03:47
is that which oncRNAs I see in a given sample is not random.
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ν‘œλ³Έμ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ³΄λŠ” oncRNAκ°€ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„μ μ΄μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
It's actually tied back to the type or subtype of cancer
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사싀 그것은 μ œκ°€ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λŠ” μ•”μ˜ μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ μ•„ν˜•κ³Ό 관련이 있죠.
03:57
that I'm looking at.
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μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ, oncRNAλŠ” 디지털 λΆ„μž λ°”μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ„œ
03:59
So collectively, oncRNAs actually provide a digital molecular barcode
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04:04
that captures cancer cell identity.
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μ•”μ„Έν¬μ˜ 정체λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
And it's actually unique to the type or subtype of cancer.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ°”μ½”λ“œλŠ” μ•”μ˜ μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ μ•„ν˜•μ— 따라 κ³ μœ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
But how are these molecular barcodes actually useful?
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그런데 이런 λΆ„μž λ°”μ½”λ“œκ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μœ μš©ν• κΉŒμš”?
04:16
So it turns out oncRNAs are not actually confined to cancer cells.
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oncRNAλŠ” 암세포 μ•ˆμ—λ§Œ 머무λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Some of them are nicely packaged and released into the blood.
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μΌλΆ€λŠ” 잘 포μž₯λ˜μ–΄ ν˜ˆμ•‘μœΌλ‘œ λ°©μΆœλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
And this is something that healthy cells do as well with other small RNAs.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 세포도 이와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘μ€ RNA듀을 λ‚΄λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And with all of this introduction, I hope you know where I'm going with this.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ†Œκ°œλ₯Ό 톡해 μ œκ°€ 이것을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν• μ§€ μ•„μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Basically, if oncRNAs are only expressed in cancer cells,
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기본적으둜 oncRNAκ°€ μ•”μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ°œν˜„λ˜κ³ 
04:37
and some of them do in fact find their way into the bloodstream,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ RNA듀이 혈λ₯˜λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 길을 μ°ΎλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:41
doesn't it mean that we should be able to detect them
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μ•” ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œλ³Έμ—μ„œ
04:44
in blood samples from cancer patients?
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이것듀을 탐지할 수 μžˆλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹κΉŒμš”?
04:48
The answer, turns out, is yes, but with an asterisk.
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닡은 β€˜μ˜ˆβ€™μΈλ° λ³„ν‘œκ°€ λΆ™μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
So the oncRNAs that we detect in blood samples from patients
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ν™˜μžμ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘ ν‘œλ³Έμ—μ„œ κ²€μΆœλ˜λŠ” oncRNAλŠ”
04:56
actually form a partial barcode.
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사싀 λ°”μ½”λ“œμ˜ μΌλΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
And it's only a partial barcode
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oncRNAλŠ” μ•”μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ ν˜ˆμ•‘μœΌλ‘œ 단지 μΌλΆ€λΆ„λ§Œ ν˜λŸ¬λ“€μ–΄κ°€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:00
because only a subset of oncRNAs
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05:03
are actually secreted from cancer cells into the blood.
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이것은 뢀뢄적인 λ°”μ½”λ“œμΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
And even a smaller subset can be reliably detected
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그리고 적은 μ–‘μ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ—μ„œλŠ” 더 μž‘μ€ 뢀뢄이 탐지될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
in a small volume of blood.
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05:11
However, thanks to the magic of machine learning and AI,
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기계 ν•™μŠ΅κ³Ό AI의 λ§ˆλ²• 덕뢄에
05:15
we can actually use this partial information
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사싀 이 뢀뢄적인 정보λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
05:18
to reconstruct the original barcode that resides in the tumor.
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μ’…μ–‘μ˜ 원본 λ°”μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
And we can match that deconstruction
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 해독 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό
05:25
against our catalog of oncRNA barcodes across cancers
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μ•” μ „λ°˜μ— 걸친 oncRNA의 λͺ©λ‘κ³Ό λŒ€μ‘°ν•˜μ—¬
05:29
to not only --
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05:31
to not only detect the presence of the disease,
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό 감지할 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:34
but also identify its type or subtype.
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μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ μ•„ν˜•λ„ 식별할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
05:37
And actually, as we grow,
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05:39
fundamentally increase the number of these oncRNA catalogs that we have built,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•œ oncRNA λͺ©λ‘μ΄ 근본적으둜 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¨μ— 따라
05:44
we can go deeper and deeper into the biology of the disease as well.
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 생물학에 더 깊이 λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
Now, with help from our clinical collaborators at UCSF,
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이제 UCSF에 μžˆλŠ” μž„μƒ ν˜‘λ ₯μžλ“€μ˜ 도움을 λ°›μ•„
이 ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μž„μƒμ— λ„μž…ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•œ 걸음 더 λ‹€κ°€μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
we have come a step closer to actually bringing this platform to the clinic.
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05:59
In a preliminary study across 200 breast cancer patients,
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μœ λ°©μ•” ν™˜μž 200λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ˜ˆλΉ„ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
06:03
we have actually shown that we can use oncRNAs
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ oncRNAλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 치료λ₯Ό 받은 ν›„
ν™˜μžμ˜ μž”λ₯˜ μ§ˆν™˜μ„ 찾을 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
06:06
to detect residual disease in patients
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06:09
after they have received treatment,
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06:10
and knowing which patients have remaining disease,
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μ–΄λŠ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μž”λ₯˜ μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•ŽμœΌλ‘œμ¨
06:14
tells clinicians who needs additional treatment or monitoring
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수술 이후 μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ λˆ„κ°€ 좔가적인 μ§„λ£Œλ‚˜ 관찰이
06:18
after the surgery.
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ν•„μš”ν•œμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
And this way, patients receive more treatment
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œλ§Œ 더 치료 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
only when it's needed.
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06:26
I truly believe that the next decade is the decade of cancer screening.
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μ €λŠ” μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μŒ 10년은 μ•” 검진이 λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°λΌκ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
And as you can imagine, blood detection of cancers
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒμƒν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄
ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μ•” 진단은 κ·Έ μ „μŸμ˜ μ£Όμš” μ „μž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
is a major frontier in that war.
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06:36
And I hope to have convinced you today that leveraging powerful AI
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μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜
oncRNA의 λΆ„μž λ°”μ½”λ“œμ— κ°•λ ₯ν•œ AIλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œ
06:41
built on top of molecular barcodes of oncRNAs,
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λ―Όκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •ν™•ν•œ 미래λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ„€λ“ν–ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
we can envision a future that’s precise and sensitive,
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06:48
but more importantly,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 맀우 μ΄μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μš΄ λ―Έλž˜λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
06:50
very accessible.
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ν˜ˆμ•‘μ—μ„œ 암을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 희망일 뿐이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
Blood detection of cancers is not just the hope,
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06:55
but it's actually a reality.
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06:57
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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