The "dead zone" of the Gulf of Mexico | Nancy Rabalais

110,161 views ใƒป 2018-05-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jungmin Hwang ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:13
Good evening, welcome to New Orleans.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
I don't know if you knew this,
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
00:17
but you are sitting within 15 minutes of one of the largest rivers in the world:
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ 15๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์— ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:24
the Mississippi river.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Old Man River, Big Muddy.
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๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ•, ์ง„ํ™ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:29
And it goes as far north as the state of Minnesota,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฐ•์€ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€ ์ฃผ
00:34
as far east as the state of New York,
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๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ์ฃผ
00:38
as far west as Montana.
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์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชฌํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
And 100 miles from here, river miles,
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ 100 ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
00:45
it empties its fresh water and sediments into the Gulf of Mexico.
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๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์™€ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
That's the end of Geography 101.
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๋„ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๊ณ ์š”.
00:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:55
Now we're going to go to what is in that water.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ฃ .
00:59
Besides the sediment, there are dissolved molecules, nitrogen and phosphorus.
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๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋…น์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
And those, through a biological process,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
01:10
lead to the formation of areas called dead zones.
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'๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด(Dead zone)'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Now, dead zone is a quite ominous word
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'๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
if you're a fish or a crab.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:25
Even a little worm in the sediments.
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ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ์† ์ž‘์€ ์ง€๋ ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋„์š”.
01:28
Which means that there's not enough oxygen
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๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:31
for those animals to survive.
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๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
So, how does this happen?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
The nitrogen and the phosphorus
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๊ฐ•๋ฌผ ์†์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ธ์€
01:39
stimulate the growth of microscopic plants called phytoplankton.
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
And small animals called zooplankton eat the phytoplankton,
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๊ณ 
01:51
small fish eat the zooplankton, large fish eat the small fish
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๊ณ , ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์žก์•„๋จน๊ณ 
01:55
and it goes on up into the food web.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
The problem is that there's just too much nitrogen and phosphorus right now,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์— ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ธ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
too much phytoplankton falling to the bottom
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ณ 
02:05
and decomposed by bacteria that use up the oxygen.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
That's the biology.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Now, you can't see it from the surface of the water,
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๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์€ ๋ฌผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:17
you can't see it in satellite images,
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์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
so how do we know it's there?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:21
Well, a trawler can tell you,
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ํŠธ๋กค์„ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
when she puts her net over the side and drags for 20 minutes
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๊ทธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋˜์ง„ ํ›„ 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋„
02:29
and comes up empty,
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žกํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:30
that she knows she's in the dead zone.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
And she has to go somewhere else.
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์–ด์„ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:35
But where else do you go if this area is 8,000 square miles big?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฉด์ ์ด 8000 ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:41
About the size of the state of New Jersey.
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๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ฃผ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋ฐ๋“œ์กด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์š”?
02:44
Well, you either make a decision to go further,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด๋“์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:49
without much economic return,
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๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€
02:51
or go back to the dock.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋‘๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:54
As a scientist, I have access to high-tech equipment
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ์ €๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
that we can put over the side of the research vessel,
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์ด ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์„ ๋ฐ•์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:01
and it measures oxygen and many more things.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:03
We start at the Mississippi River,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
03:06
we crisscross the Gulf of Mexico all the way to Texas,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ
03:10
and even I sneak into Texas every now and then and test their waters.
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์ €๋Š” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And you can tell by the bottom oxygen --
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๋ฐฐ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:20
you can draw a map of everything that's less than two,
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์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 2 ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ง€๋„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:23
which is the magic number for when the fish start to leave the area.
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2๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
I also dive in this dead zone.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์— ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
We have oxygen meters that we have to deploy offshore
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด ๋‘์–ด์„œ
03:37
that tell us continuous measurements of low oxygen or high oxygen.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And when you get into the water, there's a lot of fish.
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๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Tons of fish, all kinds of fish,
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์ˆ˜๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
03:47
including my buddy here, the barracuda that I saw one day.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฟ ๋‹ค ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
03:52
Everybody else swam this way and I went this way with my camera.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚จ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
03:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:57
And then, down at 30 feet you start to see fewer fish.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ 9 m ์ •๋„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And then you get to the bottom.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
04:04
And you don't see any fish.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:06
There's no life on the platform, there's no life swimming around.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํ”์ ๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์˜ค๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
And you know you're in the dead zone.
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:15
So, what's the connection between the middle of the United States
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
04:19
and the Gulf of Mexico?
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์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:21
Well, most of the watershed is farmland.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ• ์œ ์—ญ์€ ๋†์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
And in particular, corn-soybean rotation.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜-๋Œ€๋‘ ๊ต๋Œ€ ๋†๋ฒ•์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:30
The nitrogen that is put in fertilizers and the phosphorus goes on the land
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๋น„๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ธ์ด ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
04:36
and drains off into the Mississippi River
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๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
04:39
and ends up in the Gulf of Mexico.
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๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
There's three times more nitrogen in the water
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์—๋Š”
04:47
in the Mississippi now,
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:49
than there was in the 1950s.
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์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Three times.
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๋ฌด๋ ค ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜์š”.
04:52
And phosphorus has doubled.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And what that means is more phytoplankton and more sinking sails and lower oxygen.
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์ฆ‰ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
This is not a natural feature of the Gulf; it's been caused by human activities.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
The landscape is not what it used to be.
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๊ฒฝ์น˜๋„ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
It used to be prairies and forests and prairie potholes
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๋Œ€์ดˆ์›๊ณผ ์ˆฒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:13
and duck areas and all kinds of stuff.
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‚ด๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:17
But not anymore -- it's row crops.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ๋งŒ ์ค„์ง€์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And there are ways that we can address this type of agriculture
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†๋ฒ•์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
05:25
by using less fertilizer, maybe precision fertilizing.
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๋น„๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—๋งŒ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:31
And trying some sustainable agriculture
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋†๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
such as perennial wheatgrass, which has much longer roots
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค๋…„์ƒ ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:39
than the six inches of a corn plant,
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15cm ์ •๋„์ธ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:41
that can keep the nitrogen on the soil and keep the soil from running off.
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์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋•…์— ๊ฐ€๋‘๊ณ  ํ™์ด ํฉ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
And how do we convince our neighbors to the north,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ• ๋ถ์ชฝ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:51
maybe 1,000 miles away or more,
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๋น„๋ก 1600km ์ด์ƒ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:54
that their activities are causing problems with water quality in the Gulf of Mexico?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋†๊ฒฝ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:01
First of all, we can take them to their own backyard.
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๋จผ์ €, ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
If you want to go swimming in Wisconsin in the summer
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ˆ˜์˜์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ
๋‹ค๋“ค ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹  ์ฃผ์˜ ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งํ™€ ์œ ์›์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
06:08
in your favorite watering hole,
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06:11
you might find something like this
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
which looks like spilled green paint and smells like it,
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„ ํ’€์–ด๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ‰๊น”๊ณผ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ํ’๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:18
growing on the surface of the water.
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๋ฌผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:21
This is a toxic blue-green algal bloom
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…์„ฑ ๋…น์กฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
and it is not good for you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชธ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํ•ด๋กญ์ฃ .
06:29
Similarly, in Lake Erie, couple of summers ago
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:33
there was hundreds of miles of this blue-green algae
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์ด ๋…น์กฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ km๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:37
and the city of Toledo, Ohio, couldn't use it for their drinking water
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์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค ์ฃผ์˜ ํ†จ๋ ˆ๋„ ์‹œ๋Š”
๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
for several days on end.
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06:43
And if you watch the news,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
06:45
you know that lots of communities are having trouble with drinking water.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์‹์ˆ˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:53
I'm a scientist.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
I don't know if you could tell that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:01
And I do solid science, I publish my results,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
my colleagues read them, I get citations of my work.
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๊ทธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ์€ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:10
But I truly believe that, as a scientist,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ๋…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
using mostly federal funds to do the research,
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์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
07:20
I owe it to the public,
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์ €์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š”
๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ž, ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:23
to agency heads and congressional people
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07:27
to share my knowledge with them
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์€ ์ง€์‹์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:29
so they can use it, hopefully to make better decisions
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
07:33
about our environmental policy.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:38
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:43
One of the ways that I was able to do this is I brought in the media.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
And Joby Warrick from the "Washington Post"
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ง€์˜ ์กฐ๋น„ ์›Œ๋ฆญ์€
07:52
put this picture in an article
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
07:55
on the front page, Sunday morning, two inches above the fold.
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์ผ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ์‹ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
That's a big deal.
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:02
And Senator John Breaux, from Louisiana,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒ์› ์˜์›์ธ ์กด ๋ธŒ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š”
08:05
said, "Oh my gosh, that's what they think the Gulf of Mexico looks like?"
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"์„ธ์ƒ์—, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ๊ณ ?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
And I said, "Well, you know, there's the proof."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ  "๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์—์š”."
08:12
And we've go to do something about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
At the same time, Senator Olympia Snowe from Maine
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ, ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒ์› ์˜์›์ธ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ผ์•„ ์Šค๋…ธ์šฐ๋Š”
08:20
was having trouble with harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Maine.
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๋ฉ”์ธ ๋งŒ์˜ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋…น์กฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ณจ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
They joined forces -- it was bipartisan --
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณค์ฃ . ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹น์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ๋„์š”.
08:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:31
And invited me to give congressional testimony,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํšŒ ์ฆ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
and I said, "Oh, all I've done is chase crabs around south Texas,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
"ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ฒŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋…€์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ ์ฆ์–ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”."
08:37
I don't know how to do that."
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08:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:40
But I did it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฆ์–ธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
(Cheers)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์ž…๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:43
And eventually, the bill passed.
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08:44
And it was called -- yeah, yay!
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ๋ช…์นญ์€ --
08:47
It was called The Harmful Algal Bloom
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1998๋…„ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋…น์กฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
08:50
and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998.
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์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:00
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Which is why we call it the Snowe-Breaux Bill.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค๋…ธ์šฐ-๋ธŒ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:06
The other thing is that we had a conference in 2001
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2001๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:13
that was put on by the National Academy of Sciences
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณผํ•™ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ ํ•™ํšŒ์˜€๊ณ 
09:16
that looked at fertilizers, nitrogen and poor water quality.
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๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ์งˆ์†Œ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Our plenary speaker was the former governor
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์ดํšŒ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ฃผ์˜
09:25
of the state of New Jersey.
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์ „์ง ์ง€์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
And she ...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”...
09:30
There was no thinking she wasn't serious when she peered at the audience,
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์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ง„์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:35
and I thought, "Surely she's looking at me."
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
09:38
"You know, I'm really tired of this thing being called New Jersey.
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"๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Pick another state, any state, I just don't want to hear it anymore."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”."
09:46
But she was able to move the action plan
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„
09:50
across President George H.W. Bush's desk
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์กฐ์ง€ ๋ถ€์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
so that we had environmental goals
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๊ทธ ๋•์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ 
09:59
and that we were working to solve them.
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๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:04
The Midwest does not feed the world.
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๋ฏธ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
It feeds a lot of chickens, hogs, cattle
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ญ, ๋ผ์ง€, ์†Œ์˜ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
10:13
and it generates ethanol
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๊ณก๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
10:15
to put into our gasoline,
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๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ์— ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
which is regulated by federal policy.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:22
We can do better than this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
We need to make decisions
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
that make us less consumptive
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๋น„๋ฃŒ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
10:34
and reduce our reliance on nitrogen.
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์งˆ์†Œ ์˜์กด๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
It's like a carbon footprint.
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์ด๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
But you can reduce your nitrogen footprint.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
I do it by not eating much meat --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
I still like a little every now and then --
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ์€ ๋จน์ฃ .
10:52
not using corn oil,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์œ ๋„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
driving a car that I can put nonethanol gas in
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฌด์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉฐ
10:59
and get better gas mileage.
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์—ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Just things like that that can make a difference.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
So I'm challenging, not just you,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:08
but I challenge a lot of people, especially in the Midwest --
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
think about how you're treating your land and how you can make a difference.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋•…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:18
So my steps are very small steps.
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์ €์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
To change the type of agriculture in the US
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:26
is going to be many big steps.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And it's going to take political and social will for that to happen.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ •์น˜์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
But we can do it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
I strongly believe we can translate the science,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด,
11:39
bridge it to policy and make a difference in our environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
We all want a clean environment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
And we can work together to do this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด
11:49
so that we no longer have these dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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