A life-saving invention that prevents human stampedes | Nilay Kulkarni

73,258 views ใƒป 2018-03-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoonkeun Ji ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I was only nine
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์ „ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 9์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:13
when my grandfather first described to me the horrors he witnessed six years earlier
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ 6๋…„ ์ „ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
00:18
when human stampedes killed 39 people
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋˜ ๋งˆ์„์ธ ์ธ๋„ ๋‚˜์‹œํฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:21
in our hometown of Nashik, India.
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๊ตฐ์ค‘์— ๊น”๋ ค 39๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:24
It was during the 2003 Nashik Kumbh Mela,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ 2003๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ข…๊ต ์ถ•์ œ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
00:27
one of the world's largest religious gatherings.
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๋‚˜์‹œํฌ ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋˜ ์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
00:31
Every 12 years, over 30 million Hindu worshippers
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12๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค 3์ฒœ๋งŒ์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ์‹ ์ž๊ฐ€
00:34
descend upon our city --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
which is built only for 1.5 million people --
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๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ฐฑ ์˜ค์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—
00:39
and stay for 45 days.
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45์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋””.
00:41
The main purpose is to wash away all their sins
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ณ ๋‹ค๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์—์„œ
00:44
by bathing in the river Godavari.
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๋ชฉ์š•์„ ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์”ป์–ด์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And stampedes may easily happen
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์••์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด๋ฐ์š”.
00:50
because a high-density crowd moves at a slow pace.
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๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ค‘์ด ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:54
Apart from Nashik, this event happens in three other places in India,
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๋‚˜์‹œํฌ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ์ด ์ถ•์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:58
with varying frequency,
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๊ทธ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
and between 2001 and 2014,
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2001๋…„๊ณผ 2014๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด
01:02
over 2,400 lives have been lost in stampedes at these events.
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์ด ์ถ•์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2,400๋ช…์„ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
What saddened me the most
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์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:11
is seeing people around me resigning to the city's fate
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์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ์ €
01:15
in witnessing the seemingly inevitable deaths of dozens
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ
01:19
at every Kumbh Mela.
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์ฃผ์œ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํƒœ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
I sought to change this,
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์ „ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:22
and I thought, why can't I try to find a solution to this?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Because I knew it is wrong.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์••์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ผ์ด๊ณ 
01:27
Having learned coding at an early age and being a maker,
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์ด๋ฅธ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:31
I considered the wild idea --
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:34
[Makers always find a way]
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[์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค]
01:35
I considered the wild idea of building a system
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:38
that would help regulate the flow of people
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:41
and use it in the next Kumbh Mela in 2015,
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์ธ 2015๋…„์˜ ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
01:44
to have fewer stampedes and, hopefully, fewer deaths.
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์••์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
It seemed like a mission impossible,
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
a dream too big,
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์‹คํ˜„๋˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฐ ๊ฟˆ
01:52
especially for a 15-year-old,
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ํŠนํžˆ 15์‚ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:54
yet that dream came true in 2015,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฟˆ์€ 2015๋…„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
when not only did we succeed
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์••์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์„
02:01
in reducing the stampedes and their intensity,
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๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:04
but we marked 2015
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2015๋…„์„
02:07
as the first Nashik Kumbh Mela to have zero stampedes.
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๋‚˜์‹œํฌ ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ์—์„œ ์••์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:16
It was the first time in recorded history
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์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ
02:19
that this event passed without any casualties.
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์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
How did we do it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:24
It all started when I joined an innovation workshop
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ 2014๋…„ MIT ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:27
by MIT Media Lab in 2014
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์ฟฐ๋ฐ”ํ†ค(Kumbhathon)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜์‹  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
called the Kumbhathon
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02:32
that aimed at solving challenges faced at the grand scale of Kumbh Mela.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ ์ถ•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
02:37
Now, we figured out to solve the stampede problem,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์••์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:42
we wanted to know only three things:
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์šฐ์„  ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
the number of people, the location,
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜, ์œ„์น˜
02:47
and the rate of the flow of people per minute.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์ค‘์˜ ๋ถ„๋‹น ์ด๋™ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So we started to look for technologies that would help us get these three things.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Can we distribute radio-frequency tokens to identify people?
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'์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ํ‘œ์‹์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ค„๊นŒ?'
03:00
We figured out that it would be too expensive and impractical
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 3์ฒœ๋งŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ผ์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ 
03:03
to distribute 30 million tags.
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๋น„์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:06
Can you use CCTV cameras with image-processing techniques?
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'์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” CCTV ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?'
03:09
Again, too expensive for that scale,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ์‹œ 3์ฒœ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—”
03:12
along with the disadvantages of being non-portable
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ
03:14
and being completely useless in the case of rain,
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์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:17
which is a common thing to happen in Kumbh Mela.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์šฉ์ง€๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:21
Can we use cell phone tower data?
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'ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ตญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?'
03:23
It sounds like the perfect solution,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:26
but the funny part is,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:28
most of the people do not carry cell phones
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•์ œ ๋™์•ˆ
03:30
in events like Kumbh Mela.
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Also, the data wouldn't have been granular enough for us.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์กฐ์ง ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:36
So we wanted something that was real-time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„
03:39
low-cost, sturdy and waterproof,
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์ €๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
03:42
and it was easy to get the data for processing.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘์— ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
So we built Ashioto,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„์‹œ์˜คํ† ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:48
meaning "footstep" in Japanese,
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์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:50
as it consists of a portable mat which has pressure sensors
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์••๋ ฅ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งคํŠธํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์„œ
03:54
which can count the number of people walking on it,
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:56
and sends the data over the internet
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ตœ์‹  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ
03:59
to the advanced data analysis software we created.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
The possible errors, like overcounting or double-stepping,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์„ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐŸ์•„์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š”
04:05
were overcome using design interventions.
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๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
The optimum breadth of the mat was determined to be 18 inches,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ณดํญ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ
04:12
after we tested many different versions
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04:14
and observed the average stride length of a person.
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์ตœ์ ์˜ ํญ์€ 18์ธ์น˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Otherwise, people might step over the sensor.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:21
We started with a proof of concept built in three days,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ 3์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
04:23
made out of cardboard and aluminum foil.
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ํŒ์ž์™€ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ํ˜ธ์ผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:27
It worked, for real.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:29
We built another one with aluminum composite panels
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์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํŒ๊ณผ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:32
and piezoelectric plates,
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์ž‘์€ ์ „์••์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
04:34
which are plates that generate a small pulse of electricity under pressure.
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์••์ „ํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
We tested this at 30 different pilots in public,
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30๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผ์‹คํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:42
in crowded restaurants, in malls, in temples, etc.,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐฌ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ด๋‚˜, ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ
04:45
to see how people reacted.
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์‚ฌ์› ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And people let us run these pilots
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ”์พŒํžˆ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:50
because they were excited to see localites work on problems for the city.
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์ด๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:57
I was 15 and my team members were in their early 20s.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ด๋‹ค์„ฏ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ 20๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
When the sensors were colored,
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์„ผ์„œ์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ
05:06
people would get scared and would ask us questions like,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
"Will I get electrocuted if I step on this?"
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"์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐŸ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ „๋˜๋‚˜์š”?"
05:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:12
Or, if it was very obvious that it was an electronic sensor on the ground,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ์ „์ž ์„ผ์„œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
they would just jump over it.
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05:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:19
So we decided to design a cover for the sensor
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
05:22
so that people don't have to worry what it is on the ground.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋•… ์œ„์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:25
So after some experimentation,
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๋ช‡ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋์—
05:27
we decided to use an industrial sensor,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:30
used as a safety trigger in hazardous areas
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
as the sensor,
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05:34
and a black neoprene rubber sheet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ
05:36
as the cover.
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๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋ฎ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:38
Now, another added benefit of using black rubber
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๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์ ์€
05:41
was that dust naturally accumulates over the surface,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ž„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
05:44
eventually camouflaging it with the ground.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ„์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:47
We also had to make sure that the sensor is no higher than 12 millimeters.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” 12mm ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
Otherwise, people might trip over it,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ผ์„œ์— ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค ๋„˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
05:55
which in itself would cause stampedes.
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์••์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:01
We don't want that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:04
So we were able to design a sensor which was only 10 millimeters thick.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  10mmํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:09
Now the data is sent to the server in real time,
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์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:11
and a heat map is plotted,
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์ง€๋ฉด ์œ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„
06:13
taking into account all the active devices on the ground.
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ์—ด์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
The authorities could be alerted if the crowd movement slowed down
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๊ตฐ์ค‘์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋Š๋ ค์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:21
or if the crowd density moved beyond a desired threshold.
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๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹น๊ตญ์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:24
We installed five of these mats in the Nashik Kumbh Mela 2015,
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2015๋…„ ๋‚˜์‹œํฌ ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งคํŠธ 5์žฅ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:30
and counted over half a million people
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18์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 50๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด
06:32
in 18 hours,
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๋งคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
ensuring that the data was available in real time at various checkpoints,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์ค‘์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„
06:38
ensuring a safe flow of people.
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ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Now, this system, eventually, with other innovations,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
06:43
is what helped prevent stampedes altogether at that festival.
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์ถ•์ œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์••์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
The code used by Ashioto during Kumbh Mela
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์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ์—์„œ ์•„์‹œ์˜คํ† ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š”
06:50
will soon be made publicly available, free to use for anyone.
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
I would be glad if someone used this code
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„์‹œ์˜คํ† ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฐ์ค‘์ด ๋”์šฑ
06:55
to make many more gatherings safer.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Having succeeded at Kumbh Mela
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์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ
07:00
has inspired me to help others who may also suffer from stampedes.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์••์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
The design of the system makes it adaptable
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์•„์‹œ์˜คํ† ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ถ•์ œ๋‚˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„
07:07
to pretty much any event
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ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
that involves an organized gathering of people.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:13
And my new dream is to improve, adapt and deploy the system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฟˆ์€ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
07:17
all over the world to prevent loss of life and ensure a safe flow of people,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
because every human soul is precious,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋“  ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋“ 
07:26
whether at concerts or sporting events,
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์•Œ๋ผํ•˜๋ฐ”๋“œ์˜ ๋งˆํ•˜ ์ฟฐ ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋‚˜
07:28
the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad,
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๋ฉ”์นด ์ˆœ๋ก€๋‚˜
07:30
the Hajj in Mecca,
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์นด๋ฐœ๋ผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์•„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ด๋‚˜
07:31
the Shia procession to Karbala
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๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์นธ ์‹œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋‚˜
07:33
or at the Vatican City.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
So what do you all think, can we do it?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด ๊ฟˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:37
(Audience) Yes!
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(์ฒญ์ค‘) ๋„ค!
07:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
(Cheers)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
07:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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