The 55 Gigaton Challenge | TED Countdown

46,150 views ใƒป 2021-11-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer:
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Nelly Freid ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
00:13
The air we breathe has changed.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื›ืžื• ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™.
00:16
The mix of gases is shifting,
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
00:17
with more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”CO2 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช
00:21
And this shift is happening faster each year.
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื ื ืฉืžื• ืืฃ ืคืขื,
00:24
In fact, concentrations of CO2 have reached levels
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ืžืื– ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžื• ืกืืคื™ื™ื ืก.
00:27
never before breathed by humans,
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ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืจืคื• ื›ืคื—ื, ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–.
00:29
since Homo sapiens evolved.
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00:31
In just a few hundred years,
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00:32
eons of fossilized sunshine have been burned as coal, oil and gas.
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ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
00:37
The exhaust has transformed the entire atmosphere and ocean.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื,
ื•ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
00:41
Itโ€™s like a pollution blanket,
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00:42
and the result we know as climate change.
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ืื– ื›ืžื” ืงืจื ื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืขืจืขืจ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
00:46
So how much more of that fossilized sunshine can we burn
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ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื”.
00:49
before further destabilizing the Earthโ€™s systems?
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
00:52
Not much.
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ื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื 55 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”
00:54
Think of it as a carbon budget.
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ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
00:56
We are currently adding 55 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases
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ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’โ€™ื™ื’ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ.
01:00
to the atmosphere every year.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2030.
01:03
This is the Gigaton Challenge.
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01:05
By some estimates, at that pace,
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01:06
we will have burned through the remaining budget by 2030.
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืงืฆืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”,
ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”
01:10
So to give us some room to breathe,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
01:12
the world must reduce greenhouse gas pollution
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ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”...
01:14
by more than seven percent each year,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
01:16
every year of this decade ...
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
01:18
starting now.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื.
01:20
There are a number of ways to do that.
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CO2 ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ 75 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
01:22
Letโ€™s start by looking at the greenhouse gases themselves.
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01:26
CO2 makes up nearly 75 percent of the pollution emitted each year.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื—ื ืงืŸ,
ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›ื’ื– ืฆื—ื•ืง,
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื—ื™ืง,
01:30
Thereโ€™s also nitrous oxide,
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืœื’ ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื
01:32
known as laughing gas,
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01:33
but it's no laughing matter,
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ื•ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืขื“ 6 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:35
seeping out of farm fields and elsewhere
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืชืืŸ,
ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
01:37
and making up six percent of the problem.
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01:39
And then thereโ€™s methane,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” 17 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกืš ื”ื›ืœ.
01:40
which you may also know of as natural gas.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื,
01:43
Itโ€™s 17 percent of the total.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœื” ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ืืช ื”ื ืคื— ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:46
There are other greenhouse gases,
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01:47
but these three make up the bulk of the climate challenge.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื --
ื•ืžื”ืจ.
ืžืชืืŸ ืœื•ื›ื“ ืืช ื—ื•ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
01:51
All must be reduced --
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01:52
and fast.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื”
01:54
Methane is better at trapping the Sunโ€™s heat,
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01:56
which means cutting methane pollution is a necessary and fast-acting stimulus
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ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืชืืŸ ืžื—ืงืœืื•ืช
02:00
for our carbon budget.
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ื•ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–
02:02
If methane emissions from agriculture
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
02:04
and the oil and gas industry can be eliminated
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืกื•ื ื•ืช
ื›ืžื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ ื•ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
02:07
in this decade,
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02:08
we might be able to stave off catastrophes
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02:10
like the loss of the Arctic sea ice and glaciers all around the world.
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ืœCO2 ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”,
ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
02:15
CO2 has a longer life.
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02:17
Once it is added to the atmosphere,
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ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:18
it can stay up there for hundreds of years,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”CO2 ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ 2030
02:21
if not longer.
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ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ 2040,
02:23
CO2 emissions must be cut in half by 2030,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
02:26
and then reduced even further by 2040,
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ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื“ 2050.
02:29
to put the world on a path
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02:30
of adding no CO2 to the air by 2050.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
02:35
And that means transforming the modern world as quickly as possible.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืคืจืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”.
02:40
There are several ways to break down the sources of greenhouse gas emissions.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžืืชืจ Climate Watch.
ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:44
Here weโ€™re using the public Climate Watch data.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
02:47
Start with energy.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจืื™ ืœ76 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
02:49
The majority of modern energy comes from fossil fuels,
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02:51
which makes the energy sector 76 percent of the climate challenge,
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื
ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืงืœืื™.
02:55
including the fuels used for transportation,
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื”
02:57
industrial processes
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02:59
and agricultural production.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
03:00
The shift to clean energy must be accelerated
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืจืกืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœ1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
03:03
by an order of magnitude
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03:05
if we want any chance to restrain global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
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ื•ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืื—ืกืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื ืงื™ ื”ื–ื”,
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืœืœื”
03:11
And weโ€™ll need more ways to store this clean electricity,
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ืื• ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ืžื™ืžืŸ.
03:14
whether thatโ€™s putting it in the chemical bonds of a battery
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ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžืŸ ื ืงื™ ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™
03:16
or into a molecule of hydrogen.
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ื‘ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”,
03:19
Batteries and clean hydrogen are also going to play a key role
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ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” 17 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืงืœื™ื,
03:22
in cleaning up transportation,
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช:
03:23
which accounts for 17 percent of climate-changing pollution,
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03:27
including the use of energy to move people and goods around:
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ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช;
ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื;
03:31
eight percent from cars;
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ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืกืคื ื•ืช ื•ืชืขื•ืคื”.
03:33
five percent from trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles;
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ืขื ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืงื™ ื‘ืฉืคืข,
03:36
and four percent from shipping and aviation.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืจื•ืฅ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช
03:39
With abundant clean electricity,
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื“ืœืง ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช,
03:41
the world can win the race to electrify cars
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ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช,
03:43
and create cleaner alternative fuels for trucks,
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
03:46
ships,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
03:47
and even one day, airplanes.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
03:50
Then there are our lifestyles
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืคึฐึผืœึธื“ึธื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
03:52
and the materials that make them possible.
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ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”.
03:54
Thatโ€™s everything from the cement and steel that go into buildings
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• --
03:57
to the plastic fibers in fashion.
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03:59
All told, these materials account for six percent of our emissions --
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื ืฆืจื›ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื.
04:03
on top of the energy emissions required to produce them.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื.
04:07
And weโ€™ll need new and clean ways to make them or replace them.
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ื’ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื” 12 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”.
04:11
Farming and animal raising also have to change
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04:14
as agriculture accounts for 12 percent of greenhouse gas pollution.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื
ืœืื™ืš ื•ืžื” ืคืจื•ืช, ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื.
04:18
That means everything from how and what people eat
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืœื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”
04:20
to how and what cows, chickens and pigs eat.
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04:23
It also means finding ways for farm fields to go from sources of greenhouse gas
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ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื ืงื‘ืจื™ื.
ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื
04:28
to places where greenhouse gases get buried.
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ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืชื ื•.
04:31
Agriculture is also the biggest direct impact people have
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04:34
on the plants, animals, microbes and fungi that share this planet with us.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืืช ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืจืื™ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื•ืงื
04:39
To truly solve the climate challenge,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื—.
04:41
the wild world will have to be protected and restored
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04:44
to allow all of lifeโ€™s myriad forms to flourish.
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ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื,
ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ืœ
ื•ื”ืžืจืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ื—ื•ืฃ
04:48
A halt in cutting down forests,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื
04:50
burning peatlands
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
04:51
and converting coastal wetlands
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04:53
could prevent the release
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04:54
of nearly five billion metric tons of greenhouse gases each year.
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ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ืจื•ืก,
04:58
Restoring nearly 200 million hectares of degraded forestland,
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ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื˜ื•ืŸ.
05:02
peatland and wetlands
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05:04
could also absorb almost another four billion metric tons.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืขืฆื•ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ...
05:08
Perhaps even more importantly,
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05:10
the ocean has vast potential to help reduce greenhouse gases ...
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ืื ื ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•.
ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—
05:14
if we protect it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ CO2 ืžื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
05:17
Finally, there are technologies being developed
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ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืœื˜ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
05:19
to draw down CO2 from the atmosphere
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ืืœื• ื ืคืจืกื•
05:21
because we have already emitted too much.
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
05:24
But very few of these machine forests have been deployed
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ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•:
05:27
and they are too expensive to scale up faster right now.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืกืคืช 55 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”,
05:30
This is the climate challenge we face:
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05:33
going from adding 55 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases to the air each year,
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ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืืคืก ืขื“ 2050,
ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ.
05:38
to adding zero by 2050,
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ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
05:41
at the latest.
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05:42
The countdown begins now.
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[ืกืคื™ืจื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ]
05:45
(Music)
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05:46
[Countdown]
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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