When technology can read minds, how will we protect our privacy? | Nita Farahany

169,638 views ใƒป 2018-12-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Roni Weisman
00:13
In the months following the 2009 presidential election in Iran,
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘-2009,
00:17
protests erupted across the country.
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ืคืจืฆื• ืžื—ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:21
The Iranian government violently suppressed
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื™ืจืืŸ ื“ื™ื›ืื” ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
00:24
what came to be known as the Iranian Green Movement,
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช,"
00:28
even blocking mobile signals
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืกืžื” ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื
00:30
to cut off communication between the protesters.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื.
00:34
My parents, who emigrated to the United States in the late 1960s,
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ื”ื•ืจื™, ืฉื”ื™ื’ืจื• ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
00:39
spend substantial time there,
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ื—ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื,
00:40
where all of my large, extended family live.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
00:44
When I would call my family in Tehran
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ื›ืฉื˜ืœืคื ืชื™ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืŸ
00:47
during some of the most violent crackdowns of the protest,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืžื” ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื“ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ืื”,
00:51
none of them dared discuss with me what was happening.
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ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ืขื– ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
00:55
They or I knew to quickly steer the conversation to other topics.
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ื”ื ืื• ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
00:59
All of us understood what the consequences could be
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื ื• ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
01:02
of a perceived dissident action.
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ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืคืกืช.
01:06
But I still wish I could have known what they were thinking
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
01:09
or what they were feeling.
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ืื• ืžื” ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
01:12
What if I could have?
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ืžื” ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช?
01:14
Or more frighteningly,
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ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
01:15
what if the Iranian government could have?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื• ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื™ืจืืŸ ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื“ืขืช?
01:18
Would they have arrested them based on what their brains revealed?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื—ืฉืคื•?
01:22
That day may be closer than you think.
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ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
01:26
With our growing capabilities in neuroscience, artificial intelligence
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ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—, ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
01:30
and machine learning,
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ื•ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
01:32
we may soon know a lot more of what's happening in the human brain.
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ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
01:37
As a bioethicist, a lawyer, a philosopher
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ื›ื‘ื™ื•-ืืชื™ืงืื™ืช, ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช
01:40
and an Iranian-American,
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ื•ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
01:42
I'm deeply concerned about what this means for our freedoms
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
01:46
and what kinds of protections we need.
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ื•ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื.
01:48
I believe we need a right to cognitive liberty,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื”,
01:52
as a human right that needs to be protected.
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ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช.
01:55
If not, our freedom of thought,
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ืื ืœื, ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:58
access and control over our own brains
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ,ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื•
02:01
and our mental privacy will be threatened.
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ื™ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:05
Consider this:
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš:
02:06
the average person thinks thousands of thoughts each day.
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืืœืคื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
02:10
As a thought takes form,
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ื›ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฆื•ืจื”,
02:11
like a math calculation or a number, a word,
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืžื˜ื™, ืžืกืคืจ, ืื• ืžื™ืœื”,
02:16
neurons are interacting in the brain,
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ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”,
02:19
creating a miniscule electrical discharge.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคืจื™ืงื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื”.
02:23
When you have a dominant mental state, like relaxation,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื’ืขื•ืช,
02:27
hundreds and thousands of neurons are firing in the brain,
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ืžืื•ืช ื•ืืœืคื™ ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—,
02:31
creating concurrent electrical discharges in characteristic patterns
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคืจื™ืงื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื
02:35
that can be measured with electroencephalography, or EEG.
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ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืื ืฆืคืœื•ื’ืจื, ืื• EEG.
02:41
In fact, that's what you're seeing right now.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:43
You're seeing my brain activity that was recorded in real time
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ืจืฉืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
02:47
with a simple device that was worn on my head.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืœื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™.
02:51
What you're seeing is my brain activity when I was relaxed and curious.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื’ื•ืขื” ื•ืกืงืจื ื™ืช.
02:58
To share this information with you,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื™ืชื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”,
02:59
I wore one of the early consumer-based EEG devices
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ืœื‘ืฉืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืงื ื™ ื”-EEG ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ
03:02
like this one,
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
03:04
which recorded the electrical activity in my brain in real time.
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ืฉืจืฉื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
03:08
It's not unlike the fitness trackers that some of you may be wearing
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
03:12
to measure your heart rate or the steps that you've taken,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื,
03:16
or even your sleep activity.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
03:19
It's hardly the most sophisticated neuroimaging technique on the market.
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ื–ื• ืœื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
03:23
But it's already the most portable
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื™ื™ื“ืช
03:25
and the most likely to impact our everyday lives.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:29
This is extraordinary.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ.
03:31
Through a simple, wearable device,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืœื‘ื™ืฉ,
03:33
we can literally see inside the human brain
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
03:37
and learn aspects of our mental landscape without ever uttering a word.
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช.
03:44
While we can't reliably decode complex thoughts just yet,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื ื— ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ,
03:48
we can already gauge a person's mood,
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ืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืื“ื,
03:51
and with the help of artificial intelligence,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช,
03:53
we can even decode some single-digit numbers
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื ื— ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื“-ืกืคืจืชื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื
03:58
or shapes or simple words that a person is thinking
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ืื• ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
04:03
or hearing, or seeing.
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ืื• ืฉื•ืžืข, ืื• ืจื•ืื”.
04:06
Despite some inherent limitations in EEG,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ EEG,
04:09
I think it's safe to say that with our advances in technology,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืขื ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
04:14
more and more of what's happening in the human brain
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
04:18
can and will be decoded over time.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืขื ื— ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
04:21
Already, using one of these devices,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:24
an epileptic can know they're going to have an epileptic seizure
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ืื“ื ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืืคื™ืœืคื˜ื™
04:27
before it happens.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
04:28
A paraplegic can type on a computer with their thoughts alone.
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ืžืฉื•ืชืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
04:34
A US-based company has developed a technology to embed these sensors
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืคื™ืชื—ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืงื ืช ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื”
04:38
into the headrest of automobilies
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฉืขื ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
04:40
so they can track driver concentration,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืจืžืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’,
04:43
distraction and cognitive load while driving.
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ื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
04:46
Nissan, insurance companies and AAA have all taken note.
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ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื•ื˜ืจื™ืคึฐึผืœ-ืึตื™ื™ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื”.
04:51
You could even watch this choose-your-own-adventure movie
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ "ื‘ื—ืจื•-ืืช-ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื”-ืฉืœื›ื",
04:56
"The Moment," which, with an EEG headset,
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"ื”ืจื’ืข", ืืฉืจ, ืขื ืื–ื ื™ื•ืช EEG,
05:00
changes the movie based on your brain-based reactions,
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ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช-ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
05:04
giving you a different ending every time your attention wanes.
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ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื“ื•ืขื›ืช.
05:11
This may all sound great,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื ื”ื“ืจ,
05:13
and as a bioethicist,
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ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื•-ืืชื™ืงืื™ืช,
05:16
I am a huge proponent of empowering people
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ืžื›ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืขืฆืžืช ืื ืฉื™ื
05:19
to take charge of their own health and well-being
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื—ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื
05:22
by giving them access to information about themselves,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื,
05:25
including this incredible new brain-decoding technology.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื—.
05:29
But I worry.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช.
05:31
I worry that we will voluntarily or involuntarily give up
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ืฉืžื ื ื•ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ
05:36
our last bastion of freedom, our mental privacy.
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ืขืœ ืžืขื•ื– ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื ื•.
05:41
That we will trade our brain activity
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ืฉืžื ื ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
05:44
for rebates or discounts on insurance,
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ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—,
05:48
or free access to social-media accounts ...
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ืื• ืชืžื•ืจืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ...
05:52
or even to keep our jobs.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:54
In fact, in China,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
05:58
the train drivers on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail,
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ื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’-ืฉื ื—ืื™,
06:04
the busiest of its kind in the world,
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ื”ืขืžื•ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื’ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
06:06
are required to wear EEG devices
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ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ EEG
06:09
to monitor their brain activity while driving.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
06:12
According to some news sources,
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
06:14
in government-run factories in China,
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
06:17
the workers are required to wear EEG sensors to monitor their productivity
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ EEG ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:22
and their emotional state at work.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
06:25
Workers are even sent home
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
06:27
if their brains show less-than-stellar concentration on their jobs,
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ืื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ืžืจืื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื,
06:31
or emotional agitation.
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ืื• ื˜ืœื˜ืœื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช.
06:35
It's not going to happen tomorrow,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืžื—ืจ,
06:36
but we're headed to a world of brain transparency.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช.
06:40
And I don't think people understand that that could change everything.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ.
06:44
Everything from our definitions of data privacy to our laws,
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ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืขื“ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
06:48
to our ideas about freedom.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
06:50
In fact, in my lab at Duke University,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง,
06:53
we recently conducted a nationwide study in the United States
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ืขืจื›ื ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ-ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
06:57
to see if people appreciated
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื
06:59
the sensitivity of their brain information.
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ืืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
07:02
We asked people to rate their perceived sensitivity
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืจื’ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืคื™ืกืชื
07:05
of 33 different kinds of information,
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ืฉืœ 33 ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
07:07
from their social security numbers
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ืžืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื
07:10
to the content of their phone conversations,
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ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
07:12
their relationship history,
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
07:15
their emotions, their anxiety,
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ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
07:17
the mental images in their mind
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ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื•ื—ื
07:19
and the thoughts in their mind.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื.
07:21
Shockingly, people rated their social security number as far more sensitive
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืจื’ื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:26
than any other kind of information,
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ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
07:28
including their brain data.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื.
07:32
I think this is because people don't yet understand
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
07:35
or believe the implications of this new brain-decoding technology.
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ืื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื–ื• ืœืคืขื ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื—.
07:40
After all, if we can know the inner workings of the human brain,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
07:43
our social security numbers are the least of our worries.
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ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
07:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:47
Think about it.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš:
07:49
In a world of total brain transparency,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช,
07:51
who would dare have a politically dissident thought?
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ืžื™ ื™ืขื– ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ?
07:55
Or a creative one?
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ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช?
07:57
I worry that people will self-censor
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื ื–ืจื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื
08:01
in fear of being ostracized by society,
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ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื ื“ื” ืื•ืชื,
08:04
or that people will lose their jobs because of their waning attention
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ืื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื“ื•ืขื›ืช
08:08
or emotional instability,
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ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช,
08:10
or because they're contemplating collective action against their employers.
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ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื”ื.
08:14
That coming out will no longer be an option,
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ืฉื™ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช,
08:17
because people's brains will long ago have revealed their sexual orientation,
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ื›ื™ ืžื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉืฃ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื ื˜ื™ื™ืชื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช,
08:22
their political ideology
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ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
08:24
or their religious preferences,
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ืื• ืืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
08:26
well before they were ready to consciously share that information
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
08:29
with other people.
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ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:31
I worry about the ability of our laws to keep up with technological change.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
08:36
Take the First Amendment of the US Constitution,
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช,
08:39
which protects freedom of speech.
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ืฉืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
08:41
Does it also protect freedom of thought?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”?
08:43
And if so, does that mean that we're free to alter our thoughts however we want?
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ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืจืฆื”?
08:48
Or can the government or society tell us what we can do with our own brains?
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ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•?
08:53
Can the NSA spy on our brains using these new mobile devices?
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ื”ืื ื”- NSA ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืืœื”?
08:58
Can the companies that collect the brain data through their applications
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ื”ืื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืกืคื•ืช ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ
09:02
sell this information to third parties?
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™?
09:05
Right now, no laws prevent them from doing so.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ืžื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
09:09
It could be even more problematic
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™
09:11
in countries that don't share the same freedoms
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช
09:13
enjoyed by people in the United States.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ.
09:16
What would've happened during the Iranian Green Movement
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช
09:20
if the government had been monitoring my family's brain activity,
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ืœื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™,
09:24
and had believed them to be sympathetic to the protesters?
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื?
09:30
Is it so far-fetched to imagine a society
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืคืจืš ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื”
09:33
in which people are arrested based on their thoughts
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
09:36
of committing a crime,
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืฉืข,
09:37
like in the science-fiction dystopian society in "Minority Report."
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ "ื“ื•"ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“".
09:42
Already, in the United States, in Indiana,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื”,
09:46
an 18-year-old was charged with attempting to intimidate his school
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ื‘ืŸ 18 ื”ื•ืืฉื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืคื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืฉืœื•
09:51
by posting a video of himself shooting people in the hallways ...
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืจื” ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ...
09:55
Except the people were zombies
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ืืœื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™ื
09:58
and the video was of him playing an augmented-reality video game,
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ื•ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ื“ื”,
10:03
all interpreted to be a mental projection of his subjective intent.
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ืžื” ืฉืคึผื•ึผืจึธืฉ ื›"ื”ืงืจื ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช" ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
10:10
This is exactly why our brains need special protection.
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ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
10:15
If our brains are just as subject to data tracking and aggregation
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ืื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืœืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
10:18
as our financial records and transactions,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
10:21
if our brains can be hacked and tracked like our online activities,
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ืื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื™ืฆื” ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
10:25
our mobile phones and applications,
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ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
10:27
then we're on the brink of a dangerous threat to our collective humanity.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืกืคื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:33
Before you panic,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคืื ื™ืงื”,
10:36
I believe that there are solutions to these concerns,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ืื’ื•ืช ืืœื”,
10:39
but we have to start by focusing on the right things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
10:42
When it comes to privacy protections in general,
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™,
10:45
I think we're fighting a losing battle
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื‘ื•ื“
10:47
by trying to restrict the flow of information.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
10:50
Instead, we should be focusing on securing rights and remedies
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช
10:54
against the misuse of our information.
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ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืจืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•.
10:57
If people had the right to decide how their information was shared,
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ืื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืชืฃ,
11:00
and more importantly, have legal redress
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืžืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง
11:03
if their information was misused against them,
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ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืจืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื,
11:05
say to discriminate against them in an employment setting
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ืช,
11:08
or in health care or education,
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ืื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื• ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
11:11
this would go a long way to build trust.
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ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ.
11:14
In fact, in some instances,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
11:16
we want to be sharing more of our personal information.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:20
Studying aggregated information can tell us so much
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ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
11:23
about our health and our well-being,
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื•,
11:26
but to be able to safely share our information,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•,
11:29
we need special protections for mental privacy.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช.
11:33
This is why we need a right to cognitive liberty.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื”.
11:37
This right would secure for us our freedom of thought and rumination,
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
11:41
our freedom of self-determination,
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ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
11:44
and it would insure that we have the right to consent to or refuse
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืื• ืœืกืจื‘
11:48
access and alteration of our brains by others.
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ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:51
This right could be recognized
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช
11:53
as part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
11:56
which has established mechanisms
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืกืกื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื
11:59
for the enforcement of these kinds of social rights.
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ืœืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
12:03
During the Iranian Green Movement,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช,
12:05
the protesters used the internet and good old-fashioned word of mouth
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ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆื” ืžืคื”-ืœืื•ื–ืŸ
12:11
to coordinate their marches.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืื ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
12:14
And some of the most oppressive restrictions in Iran
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ
12:17
were lifted as a result.
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ื”ื•ืกืจื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš.
12:20
But what if the Iranian government had used brain surveillance
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ื—ื™
12:24
to detect and prevent the protest?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื—ืื”?
12:28
Would the world have ever heard the protesters' cries?
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ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ืงืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื?
12:33
The time has come for us to call for a cognitive liberty revolution.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืžื”ืคื›ืช ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื”.
12:39
To make sure that we responsibly advance technology
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช
12:42
that could enable us to embrace the future
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ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“
12:45
while fiercely protecting all of us from any person, company or government
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ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื ื” ืขื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืžืžืฉืœื”
12:52
that attempts to unlawfully access or alter our innermost lives.
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
12:58
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
12:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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