When technology can read minds, how will we protect our privacy? | Nita Farahany

158,873 views

2018-12-18 ใƒป TED


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When technology can read minds, how will we protect our privacy? | Nita Farahany

158,873 views ใƒป 2018-12-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jongho Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Tae Young Choi
00:13
In the months following the 2009 presidential election in Iran,
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2009๋…„ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋’ค ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ
00:17
protests erupted across the country.
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์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
The Iranian government violently suppressed
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์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด์„œ
00:24
what came to be known as the Iranian Green Movement,
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'์ด๋ž€ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์šด๋™'์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์šด๋™์„ ์–ต์••ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
even blocking mobile signals
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์ด๋™ ์ „ํ™” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•ด์„œ
00:30
to cut off communication between the protesters.
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์‹œ์œ„์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:34
My parents, who emigrated to the United States in the late 1960s,
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏผ์„ ์˜ค์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
00:39
spend substantial time there,
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์ด๋ž€์—์„œ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์…จ๊ณ 
00:40
where all of my large, extended family live.
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์ €ํฌ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
When I would call my family in Tehran
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ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:47
during some of the most violent crackdowns of the protest,
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์‹œ์œ„ ์ง„์••์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
00:51
none of them dared discuss with me what was happening.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐํžˆ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
They or I knew to quickly steer the conversation to other topics.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ €๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:59
All of us understood what the consequences could be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
๋ฐ˜์ฒด์ œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:02
of a perceived dissident action.
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01:06
But I still wish I could have known what they were thinking
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
01:09
or what they were feeling.
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01:12
What if I could have?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:14
Or more frighteningly,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ณตํฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„
01:15
what if the Iranian government could have?
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์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:18
Would they have arrested them based on what their brains revealed?
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๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:22
That day may be closer than you think.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
With our growing capabilities in neuroscience, artificial intelligence
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
01:30
and machine learning,
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01:32
we may soon know a lot more of what's happening in the human brain.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณง ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
As a bioethicist, a lawyer, a philosopher
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์ƒ๋ช…์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด์ž ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
01:40
and an Iranian-American,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ž€๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
01:42
I'm deeply concerned about what this means for our freedoms
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€์™€
01:46
and what kinds of protections we need.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
I believe we need a right to cognitive liberty,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
as a human right that needs to be protected.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:55
If not, our freedom of thought,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€
01:58
access and control over our own brains
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ
02:01
and our mental privacy will be threatened.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Consider this:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:06
the average person thinks thousands of thoughts each day.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
As a thought takes form,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆซ์ž, ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๋•Œ
02:11
like a math calculation or a number, a word,
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02:16
neurons are interacting in the brain,
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๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
creating a miniscule electrical discharge.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:23
When you have a dominant mental state, like relaxation,
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๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ์ผ ๋•Œ
02:27
hundreds and thousands of neurons are firing in the brain,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:31
creating concurrent electrical discharges in characteristic patterns
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
that can be measured with electroencephalography, or EEG.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‡ŒํŒŒ์ธก์ •์ˆ , ์ฆ‰ EEG๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
In fact, that's what you're seeing right now.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
You're seeing my brain activity that was recorded in real time
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
with a simple device that was worn on my head.
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02:51
What you're seeing is my brain activity when I was relaxed and curious.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ‘ผ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
To share this information with you,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œํŒ์šฉ EEG ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
I wore one of the early consumer-based EEG devices
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03:02
like this one,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
03:04
which recorded the electrical activity in my brain in real time.
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์ €์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
It's not unlike the fitness trackers that some of you may be wearing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—๋„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
03:12
to measure your heart rate or the steps that you've taken,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:16
or even your sleep activity.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ™œ๋™๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
It's hardly the most sophisticated neuroimaging technique on the market.
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ดฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
But it's already the most portable
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํœด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹๊ณ 
03:25
and the most likely to impact our everyday lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
This is extraordinary.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
03:31
Through a simple, wearable device,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:33
we can literally see inside the human brain
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์†์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:37
and learn aspects of our mental landscape without ever uttering a word.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ง ํ•œ๋งˆ๋”” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:44
While we can't reliably decode complex thoughts just yet,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์•„์ง ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
03:48
we can already gauge a person's mood,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:51
and with the help of artificial intelligence,
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:53
we can even decode some single-digit numbers
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๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์˜ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:58
or shapes or simple words that a person is thinking
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๋„ํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‚ฑ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ•ด๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„์š”.
04:03
or hearing, or seeing.
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04:06
Despite some inherent limitations in EEG,
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๋‡ŒํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•œ๊ณ„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:09
I think it's safe to say that with our advances in technology,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
04:14
more and more of what's happening in the human brain
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
04:18
can and will be decoded over time.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Already, using one of these devices,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:24
an epileptic can know they're going to have an epileptic seizure
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๊ฐ„์งˆ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
before it happens.
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๋ฐœ์ž‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:28
A paraplegic can type on a computer with their thoughts alone.
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ํ•˜๋ฐ˜์‹  ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์žํŒ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:34
A US-based company has developed a technology to embed these sensors
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์—๋Š”
๋‡ŒํŒŒ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ›์นจ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ
04:38
into the headrest of automobilies
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04:40
so they can track driver concentration,
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์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘, ์‚ฐ๋งŒ, ์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
distraction and cognitive load while driving.
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04:46
Nissan, insurance companies and AAA have all taken note.
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๋‹›์‚ฐ, ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ฃ .
04:51
You could even watch this choose-your-own-adventure movie
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๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจํ—˜์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” "๋” ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
"The Moment," which, with an EEG headset,
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๋‡ŒํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ—ค๋“œ์…‹์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:00
changes the movie based on your brain-based reactions,
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๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
giving you a different ending every time your attention wanes.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
05:11
This may all sound great,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:13
and as a bioethicist,
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์ƒ๋ช…์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋„ ์ ๊ทน ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
I am a huge proponent of empowering people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์งˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
05:19
to take charge of their own health and well-being
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05:22
by giving them access to information about themselves,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:25
including this incredible new brain-decoding technology.
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์ด ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ•ด๋… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
05:29
But I worry.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
I worry that we will voluntarily or involuntarily give up
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•ด์„œ๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ต์ง€๋กœ๋“ 
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
our last bastion of freedom, our mental privacy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:41
That we will trade our brain activity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
05:44
for rebates or discounts on insurance,
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๊ทธ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ ํ• ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
or free access to social-media accounts ...
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณต์งœ SNS ๊ณ„์ •์ด๋‚˜
05:52
or even to keep our jobs.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
05:54
In fact, in China,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:58
the train drivers on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ๋น„๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฒฝ-์ƒํ•ด ๋…ธ์„ ์˜ ์—ด์ฐจ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:04
the busiest of its kind in the world,
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06:06
are required to wear EEG devices
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๋‡ŒํŒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:09
to monitor their brain activity while driving.
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์šดํ–‰ ์ค‘ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
According to some news sources,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ณด๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
06:14
in government-run factories in China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:17
the workers are required to wear EEG sensors to monitor their productivity
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ EEG ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทผ๋ฌด ์ค‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
06:22
and their emotional state at work.
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06:25
Workers are even sent home
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ๊ท€๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
06:27
if their brains show less-than-stellar concentration on their jobs,
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๋‘๋‡Œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:31
or emotional agitation.
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์ •์„œ์  ๋™์š”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:35
It's not going to happen tomorrow,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋‹น์žฅ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
06:36
but we're headed to a world of brain transparency.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์ด ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
And I don't think people understand that that could change everything.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
06:44
Everything from our definitions of data privacy to our laws,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
06:48
to our ideas about freedom.
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์ž์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
06:50
In fact, in my lab at Duke University,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋“€ํฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”
06:53
we recently conducted a nationwide study in the United States
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:57
to see if people appreciated
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
the sensitivity of their brain information.
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07:02
We asked people to rate their perceived sensitivity
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33๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:05
of 33 different kinds of information,
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07:07
from their social security numbers
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:10
to the content of their phone conversations,
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์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ
07:12
their relationship history,
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์—ฐ์•  ์ด๋ ฅ
07:15
their emotions, their anxiety,
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๊ฐ์ •, ๊ทผ์‹ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ
07:17
the mental images in their mind
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๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€
07:19
and the thoughts in their mind.
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๋งˆ์Œ์— ํ’ˆ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
07:21
Shockingly, people rated their social security number as far more sensitive
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
than any other kind of information,
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07:28
including their brain data.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
07:32
I think this is because people don't yet understand
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ•ด๋… ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
or believe the implications of this new brain-decoding technology.
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07:40
After all, if we can know the inner workings of the human brain,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์†์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:43
our social security numbers are the least of our worries.
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
07:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:47
Think about it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:49
In a world of total brain transparency,
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๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝํžˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
07:51
who would dare have a politically dissident thought?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์ฒด์ œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
07:55
Or a creative one?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:57
I worry that people will self-censor
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™๋‹นํ• ๊นŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:01
in fear of being ostracized by society,
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08:04
or that people will lose their jobs because of their waning attention
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์„œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:08
or emotional instability,
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08:10
or because they're contemplating collective action against their employers.
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๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊พ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:14
That coming out will no longer be an option,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
because people's brains will long ago have revealed their sexual orientation,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ
์„ฑ์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ด๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:22
their political ideology
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08:24
or their religious preferences,
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08:26
well before they were ready to consciously share that information
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:29
with other people.
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08:31
I worry about the ability of our laws to keep up with technological change.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Take the First Amendment of the US Constitution,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ1์กฐ์—๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:39
which protects freedom of speech.
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08:41
Does it also protect freedom of thought?
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๊ทธ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
08:43
And if so, does that mean that we're free to alter our thoughts however we want?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€์š”?
08:48
Or can the government or society tell us what we can do with our own brains?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ ์†์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:53
Can the NSA spy on our brains using these new mobile devices?
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํœด๋Œ€์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์—ผํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:58
Can the companies that collect the brain data through their applications
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์•ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘๋‡Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด
09:02
sell this information to third parties?
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์ œ3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:05
Right now, no laws prevent them from doing so.
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๋‹น์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
It could be even more problematic
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
in countries that don't share the same freedoms
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๋งŒํผ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:13
enjoyed by people in the United States.
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09:16
What would've happened during the Iranian Green Movement
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์ด๋ž€๋…น์ƒ‰์šด๋™ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:20
if the government had been monitoring my family's brain activity,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์„œ
09:24
and had believed them to be sympathetic to the protesters?
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์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์‹œ์œ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
09:30
Is it so far-fetched to imagine a society
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:33
in which people are arrested based on their thoughts
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๋ฒ”ํ–‰์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒดํฌ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
09:36
of committing a crime,
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09:37
like in the science-fiction dystopian society in "Minority Report."
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์˜ํ™” '๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ'์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒํ–ฅ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:42
Already, in the United States, in Indiana,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜์ฃผ์˜ 18์„ธ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:46
an 18-year-old was charged with attempting to intimidate his school
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09:51
by posting a video of himself shooting people in the hallways ...
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์„ ์˜๋Š” ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
09:55
Except the people were zombies
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๊ฒฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ข€๋น„์˜€๊ณ 
09:58
and the video was of him playing an augmented-reality video game,
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๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ• ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
all interpreted to be a mental projection of his subjective intent.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:10
This is exactly why our brains need special protection.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
If our brains are just as subject to data tracking and aggregation
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๋‘๋‡Œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
10:18
as our financial records and transactions,
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10:21
if our brains can be hacked and tracked like our online activities,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ™œ๋™, ์ด๋™ ์ „ํ™”์™€ ์•ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ดํ‚น๋˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:25
our mobile phones and applications,
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10:27
then we're on the brink of a dangerous threat to our collective humanity.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ „์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋‹ฅ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
Before you panic,
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๊ฒ๋จน์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ ์š”.
10:36
I believe that there are solutions to these concerns,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
but we have to start by focusing on the right things.
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๋‹จ, ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žก๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
10:42
When it comes to privacy protections in general,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:45
I think we're fighting a losing battle
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์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
by trying to restrict the flow of information.
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์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:50
Instead, we should be focusing on securing rights and remedies
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์นจํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ 
10:54
against the misuse of our information.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์˜ค์šฉ์— ๋งž์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
If people had the right to decide how their information was shared,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:00
and more importantly, have legal redress
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
if their information was misused against them,
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์›์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์šฉ๋์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:05
say to discriminate against them in an employment setting
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์šฉ, ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์š”.
11:08
or in health care or education,
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11:11
this would go a long way to build trust.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์Œ“๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
In fact, in some instances,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
11:16
we want to be sharing more of our personal information.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Studying aggregated information can tell us so much
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง‘์ ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
about our health and our well-being,
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11:26
but to be able to safely share our information,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:29
we need special protections for mental privacy.
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๋‘๋‡Œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
This is why we need a right to cognitive liberty.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž์œ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
This right would secure for us our freedom of thought and rumination,
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์ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž์œ , ์ฆ‰ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
our freedom of self-determination,
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11:44
and it would insure that we have the right to consent to or refuse
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ
11:48
access and alteration of our brains by others.
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๋™์˜๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
This right could be recognized
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์ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์„ ์–ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:53
as part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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11:56
which has established mechanisms
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์„ ์–ธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:59
for the enforcement of these kinds of social rights.
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12:03
During the Iranian Green Movement,
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์ด๋ž€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์šด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
12:05
the protesters used the internet and good old-fashioned word of mouth
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์‹œ์œ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž…์—์„œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:11
to coordinate their marches.
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์‹œ์œ„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
And some of the most oppressive restrictions in Iran
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ต์••์ ์ธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ํ•ด์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:17
were lifted as a result.
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12:20
But what if the Iranian government had used brain surveillance
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:24
to detect and prevent the protest?
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:28
Would the world have ever heard the protesters' cries?
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์œ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์™ธ์นจ์ด ๋“ค๋ ธ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:33
The time has come for us to call for a cognitive liberty revolution.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž์œ ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
To make sure that we responsibly advance technology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ๋งŒ
12:42
that could enable us to embrace the future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
while fiercely protecting all of us from any person, company or government
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ์ธ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
12:52
that attempts to unlawfully access or alter our innermost lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‚ถ์— ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:58
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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