What happens when biology becomes technology? | Christina Agapakis

92,667 views ใƒป 2020-08-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
A briefcase full of poop changed my life.
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ืชื™ืง ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืœื ื‘ืงืงื™, ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
00:16
Ten years ago, I was a graduate student
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™
00:18
and I was helping judge a genetic engineering competition
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ื•ืขื–ืจืชื™ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
00:21
for undergrads.
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ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
00:22
There, I met a British artist and designer named Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg.
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ืฉื, ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืžื ื™ืช ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื” ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ืจื’.
00:26
She was wearing the white embroidered polo shirt
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ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืืช ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื”ืคื•ืœื• ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ืจืงื•ืžื”
00:29
of the University of Cambridge team
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ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’'
00:30
and holding a silver briefcase,
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ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืชื™ืง ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืกื•ืฃ,
00:32
like the kind that you would imagine is handcuffed to your wrist.
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ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืง ืœืคืจืง ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื›ื.
00:35
She gestured over from a quiet corner
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื” ืฉืงื˜ื”
00:37
and asked me if I wanted to see something.
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ื•ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
00:39
With a sneaky look, she opened up the suitcase,
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ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”,
00:42
and inside were six glorious, multicolored turds.
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื• 6 ื’ืœืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื,
00:47
The Cambridge team, she explained,
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’', ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”,
00:49
had spent their summer engineering the bacteria E. coli
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ืขื‘ื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืก ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ E. coli
00:52
to be able to sense different things in the environment
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
00:55
and produce a rainbow of different colors in response.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
00:57
Arsenic in your drinking water?
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืืจืกืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื?
00:59
This strain would turn green.
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ื–ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืง.
01:01
She and her collaborator, the designer James King,
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ื”ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืงื™ื ื’,
01:03
worked with the students and imagined the different possible scenarios
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ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื
01:07
of how you might use these bacteria.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:08
What if, they asked, you could use them
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื•: ืžื” ืื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื
01:10
as a living probiotic drink and health monitor, all in one?
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืฉืงื” ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืžึทืฉืึฐื’ึผื•ึนื—ึท ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืงื” ืื—ื“?
01:15
You could drink the bacteria and it would live in your gut,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
01:18
sensing what's going on,
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ื•ื™ื—ื•ืฉื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
01:19
and then in response to something,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
01:21
it would be able to produce a colored output.
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ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืœื˜ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™.
01:23
Holy shit!
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ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืจื!
01:25
The Cambridge team went on to win
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ื ื™ืฆื—
01:26
the International Genetically Engineered Machine competition,
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ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช,
01:29
or iGEM for short.
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ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ iGEM.
01:30
And as for me, those turds were a turning point.
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ื•ื‘ืืฉืจ ืืœื™, ื”ื’ืœืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”.
01:34
I am a synthetic biologist,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช,
01:36
which is probably a weird term that most people aren't familiar with.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื ื— ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
01:39
It definitely sounds like an oxymoron.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื.
01:41
How can biology, something natural,
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
01:44
be synthetic?
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช?
01:45
How can something artificial be alive?
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™?
01:48
Synthetic biologists sort of poke holes
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
01:50
in that boundary that we draw between what is natural and what's technological.
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ืืช ืงื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื•ื•ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื” ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
01:55
And every year, iGEM students from all over the world
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”iGEM
01:57
spend their summer
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ
01:58
trying to engineer biology to be technology.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
02:02
They teach bacteria how to play sudoku,
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ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉื—ืง ืกื•ื“ื•ืงื•,
02:04
they make multicolored spider silk,
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ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉื™ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
02:07
they make self-healing concrete
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ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
02:09
and tissue printers and plastic-eating bacteria.
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ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง.
02:13
Up until that moment, though,
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ืื•ืœื, ืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข,
02:14
I was a little bit more concerned with a different kind of oxymoron.
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ื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื.
02:18
Just plain old genetic engineering.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื”.
02:20
The comedian Simon Munnery once wrote
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ื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืคืขื
02:22
that genetic engineering is actually insulting to proper engineering.
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ืฉื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืชืงื™ื ื”.
02:27
Genetic engineering is more like throwing a bunch of concrete and steel in a river
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ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืขืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืœื“ื” ืœื ื”ืจ
02:31
and if somebody can walk across, you call it a bridge.
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ื•ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื’ืฉืจ.
02:34
And so synthetic biologists were pretty worried about this,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”,
02:37
and worried that genetic engineering was a little bit more art that science.
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ื•ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืžื“ืข.
02:41
They wanted to turn genetic engineering into a real engineering discipline,
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืืžื™ืชื™,
02:45
where we could program cells and write DNA
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืช ืชืื™ื ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ DNA
02:49
the way that engineers write software for computers.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
02:53
That day 10 years ago started me on a path that gets me to where I am now.
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ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:57
Today, I'm the creative director
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘
02:59
at a synthetic biology company called Ginkgo Bioworks.
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ื’ื™ื ืงื• ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื•ืจืงืก".
03:02
"Creative director" is a weird title
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"ืžื ื”ืœ ืงืจื™ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘" ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ื–ืจ
03:04
for a biotech company were people try to program life
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
03:06
the way that we program computers.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
03:09
But that day when I met Daisy,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™,
03:11
I learned something about engineering.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืกื”,
03:13
I learned that engineering isn't really just about equations
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช,
03:15
and steel and circuits,
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ื•ืคืœื“ื”, ื•ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื,
03:17
it's actually about people.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:19
It's something that people do, and it impacts us.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื•.
03:22
So in my work,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
03:23
I try to open up new spaces for different kinds of engineering.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:27
How can we ask better questions,
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:29
and can we have better conversations
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ื•ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:31
about what we want from the future of technology?
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
03:34
How can we understand the technological
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
03:36
but also social and political and economic reasons
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช
03:39
that GMOs are so polarizing in our society?
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช (GMO) ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืงื˜ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•?
03:42
Can we make GMOs that people love?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ GMO ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืื”ื‘ื•?
03:45
Can we use biology to make technology that's more expansive and regenerative?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช?
03:50
I think it starts by recognizing that we, as synthetic biologists,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื,
03:54
are also shaped by a culture that values "real engineering"
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ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื” "ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช"
03:58
more than any of the squishy stuff.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื.
04:01
We get so caught up in circuits and what happens inside of computers,
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ืื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:05
that we sometimes lose sight of the magic that's happening inside of us.
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ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืกื ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
04:09
There is plenty of shitty technology out there,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
04:11
but this was the first time that I imagined poop as technology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืงืงื™ ื›ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
04:16
I began to see that synthetic biology was awesome,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”,
04:19
not because we could turn cells into computers,
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืชืื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:22
but because we could bring technology to life.
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
04:25
This was technology that was visceral,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ,
04:27
an unforgettable vision of what the future might hold.
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ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื•.
04:30
But importantly, it was also framed as the question
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืš, ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ืกื— ื›ืฉืืœื”
04:33
"Is this the kind of future that we actually want?"
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"ื”ืื ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืจื•ืฆื™ื?"
04:35
We've been promised a future of chrome,
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ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืจื•ื,
04:38
but what if the future is fleshy?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื?
04:41
Science and science fiction
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ืžื“ืข ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™
04:43
help us remember that we're made of star stuff.
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ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื‘ืง ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
04:45
But can it also help us remember the wonder and weirdness
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืœื ื•ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื•ืช
04:48
of being made of flesh?
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ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื?
04:50
Biology is us,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื•,
04:51
it's our bodies, it's what we eat.
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื.
04:53
What happens when biology becomes technology?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
04:57
These images are questions,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช,
04:59
and they challenge what we think of as normal and desirable.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืืชื’ืจื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ืจืฆื•ื™.
05:03
And they also show us that the future is full of choices
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช
05:06
and that we could choose differently.
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ื•ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ืจืช.
05:09
What's the future of the body, of beauty?
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ืžื” ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™?
05:12
If we change the body, will we have new kinds of awareness?
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ืื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
05:16
And will new kinds of awareness of the microbial world
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ื•ื”ืื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ืืœื™
05:19
change the way that we eat?
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื?
05:21
The last chapter of my dissertation was all about cheese that I made
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ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื™
05:24
using bacteria that I swabbed from in between my toes.
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
05:28
I told you that the poop changed my life.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืงืงื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
05:30
I worked with the smell artist and researcher Sissel Tolaas
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืืžื ื™ืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืกื™ืกืœ ื˜ื•ืœืืก
05:33
to explore all of the ways that our bodies and cheese are connected
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”
05:38
through smell and therefore microbes.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื™ื— ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื,
05:41
And we created this cheese
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
05:42
to challenge how we think about the bacteria
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื
05:45
that's part of our lives
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ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื•
05:46
and the bacteria that we work with in the lab.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
05:49
We are, indeed, what we eat.
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ืื ื• ืื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื.
05:51
The intersection of biology and technology
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ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:53
is more often told as a story of transcending our fleshy realities.
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ืžืกื•ืคืจ, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื.
05:58
If you can upload your brain to a computer,
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืœืžื—ืฉื‘,
06:00
you don't need to poop anymore after all.
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ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืงื™, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:02
And that's usually a story that's told as a good thing, right?
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:05
Because computers are clean, and biology is messy.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช.
06:10
Computers make sense and are rational,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช,
06:13
and biology is an unpredictable tangle.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ืš ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™.
06:17
It kind of follows from there
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ื•ืžื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื” ,ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืชืคื™ืกื”
06:18
that science and technology are supposed to be rational,
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ืฉืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
06:21
objective
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ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื
06:23
and pure,
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ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื,
06:25
and it's humans that are a total mess.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
06:28
But like synthetic biologists poke holes
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืจืจื™ื
06:30
in that line between nature and technology,
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ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืงื• ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
06:33
artists, designers and social scientists
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ืืžื ื™ื, ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
06:36
showed me that the lines that we draw between nature, technology and society
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ื”ืจืื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”
06:40
are a little bit softer than we might think.
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ื”ื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื›ื™ื, ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
06:42
They challenge us to reconsider our visions for the future
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ื”ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“
06:46
and our fantasies about controlling nature.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
06:49
They show us how our prejudices, our hopes and our values
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ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
06:52
are embedded in science and technology
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
06:55
through the questions that we ask and the choices that we make.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
06:58
They make visible the ways that science and technology are human
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
07:02
and therefore political.
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ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
07:04
What does it mean for us to be able to control life
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
07:06
for our own purposes?
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•?
07:08
The artists Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr
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ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืฅ ื•ื™ื•ื ืช ืฆื•ืจ
07:10
made a project called "Victimless Leather,"
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ืขืฉื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืฉื "ืขื•ืจ ืœืœื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,"
07:12
where they engineered a tiny leather jacket
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืกื• ื–'ืงื˜ ืขื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™
07:15
out of mouse cells.
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ืžืชืื™ ืขื›ื‘ืจ.
07:16
Is this jacket alive?
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ื”ืื ื”ื–'ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™?
07:19
What does it take to grow it and keep it this way?
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ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืš?
07:22
Is it really victimless?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœืœื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช?
07:23
And what does it mean for something to be victimless?
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืœื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช?
07:27
The choices that we make
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
07:28
in what we show and what we hide in our stories of progress,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
07:31
are often political choices that have real consequences.
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ื”ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
07:35
How will genetic technologies shape the way that we understand ourselves
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ืื™ืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
07:39
and define our bodies?
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ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื•?
07:41
The artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg made these faces
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ื”ืืžื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืช'ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืื™-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:43
based on DNA sequences she extracted from sidewalk litter,
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฆืคื™ DNA ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืงื” ืžืืฉืคื” ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช,
07:46
forcing us to ask questions about genetic privacy,
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ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช,
07:50
but also how and whether DNA can really define us.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ DNA ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•
07:54
How will we fight against and cope with climate change?
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ืื™ืš ื ื™ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื?
07:57
Will we change the way that we make everything,
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ื”ืื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ,
07:59
using biological materials that can grow and decay alongside us?
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื™ืจืงื‘ ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื•?
08:03
Will we change our own bodies?
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ื”ืื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื•?
08:06
Or nature itself?
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ืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื•?
08:07
Or can we change the system that keeps reinforcing those boundaries
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ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
08:12
between science, society, nature and technology?
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืข, ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
08:15
Relationships that today keep us locked in these unsustainable patterns.
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
08:19
How we understand and respond to crises
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื
08:21
that are natural, technical and social all at once,
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ืฉื”ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
08:24
from coronavirus to climate change,
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ืžื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
08:27
is deeply political,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
08:28
and science never happens in a vacuum.
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ื•ืžื“ืข ืœื ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืจื™ืง.
08:32
Let's go back in time
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
08:33
to when the first European settlers arrived in Hawaii.
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ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ื•ื•ืื™.
08:36
They eventually brought their cattle and their scientists with them.
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:40
The cattle roamed the hillsides,
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ืขื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช,
08:42
trampling and changing the ecosystems as they went.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืžืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
08:45
The scientists catalogued the species that they found there,
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ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืงื™ื˜ืœื’ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื.
08:48
often taking the last specimen before they went extinct.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื›ื—ื“ื•.
08:52
This is the Maui hau kuahiwi,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื• ืงื•ืื—ื™ื•ื•ื™,
08:54
or the Hibiscadelphus wilderianus,
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ืื• ื”"ื”ื™ื‘ื™ืกืงื“ืœืคื•ืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจื™ืื ื•ืก,"
08:56
so named by Gerrit Wilder in 1910.
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ืฉื›ื ืงืจื ื›ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืจ ื‘ -1910.
08:59
By 1912, it was extinct.
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 1912, ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื—ื“.
09:01
I found this specimen in the Harvard University Herbarium,
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ืจื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“
09:05
where it's housed with five million other specimens from all over the world.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื—ื–ืงืช ืขื ืขื•ื“ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:09
I wanted to take a piece of science's past,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืคื™ืกื” ืžืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข
09:12
tied up as it was with colonialism,
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื,
09:14
and all of the embedded ideas
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ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื
09:15
of the way that nature and science and society should work together,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
09:19
and ask questions about science's future.
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข.
09:23
Working with an awesome team at Ginkgo,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ืงื’ื•,
09:25
and others at UC Santa Cruz,
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ื•ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืกื ื˜ื” ืงืจื•ื–,
09:27
we were able to extract a little bit of the DNA
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”- DNA
09:29
from a tiny sliver of this plant specimen
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ืžืชื•ืš ืจืกื™ืก ื–ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื•
09:32
and to sequence the DNA inside.
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ื•ืœืจืฆืฃ ืืช ื”- DNA ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื.
09:34
And then resynthesize a possible version
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ื•ืื– ืœืกื ืชื– ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื’ืจืกื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
09:37
of the genes that made the smell of the plant.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ืจื™ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—.
09:40
By inserting those genes into yeast,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืฉืžืจื™ื,
09:43
we could produce little bits of that smell
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื–ื”
09:45
and be able to, maybe, smell
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื™ื—
09:47
a little bit of something that's lost forever.
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื‘ื“ ืœื ืฆื—.
09:49
Working again with Daisy and Sissel Tolaas,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ ื•ืขื ืกื™ืกืœ ื˜ื•ืœืืก,
09:51
my collaborator on the cheese project,
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ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื™ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”,
09:54
we reconstructed and composed a new smell of that flower,
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ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื ื• ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ื ื• ืจื™ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื— ื”ื–ื”,
09:58
and created an installation where people could experience it,
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
10:01
to be part of this natural history and synthetic future.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™.
10:06
Ten years ago, I was a synthetic biologist
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช
10:08
worried that genetic engineering was more art than science
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืžื“ืข,
10:11
and that people were too messy
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ื•ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ื ื™ื ืžื“ื™
10:13
and biology was too complicated.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืžื“ื™.
10:15
Now I use genetic engineering as art
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช,
10:18
to explore all the different ways that we are entangled together
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”
10:21
and imagine different possible futures.
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ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืชื™ื“,
10:23
A fleshy future
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ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื
10:25
is one that does recognize all those interconnections
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
10:28
and the human realities of technology.
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ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
10:31
But it also recognizes the incredible power of biology,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
10:35
its resilience and sustainability,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืกื ื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
10:37
its ability to heal and grow and adapt.
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืจืคื, ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื•ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ.
10:40
Values that are so necessary
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ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื
10:42
for the visions of the futures that we can have today.
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ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:45
Technology will shape that future,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื–ื”,
10:47
but humans make technology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
10:49
How we decide what that future will be
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื–ื”
10:52
is up to all of us.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
10:54
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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