Fashion has a pollution problem -- can biology fix it? | Natsai Audrey Chieza

82,964 views

2017-12-20 ・ TED


New videos

Fashion has a pollution problem -- can biology fix it? | Natsai Audrey Chieza

82,964 views ・ 2017-12-20

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Neda Vrkic Recezent: Sanda L
00:12
You're watching the life cycle of a Streptomyces coelicolor.
0
12840
3040
Gledate životni ciklus Streptomyces coelicolora.
00:17
It's a strain of bacteria that's found in the soil
1
17520
2376
To je soj bakterija koji se nalazi u tlu
00:19
where it lives in a community with other organisms,
2
19920
2416
gdje živi u zajednici s drugim organizmima,
00:22
decomposing organic matter.
3
22360
1320
razgrađujući organske tvari.
00:24
Coelicolor is a beautiful organism.
4
24680
1920
Coelicolor je prekrasan organizam.
00:27
A powerhouse for synthesizing organic chemical compounds.
5
27160
3160
Elektrana za sintetiziranje organskih kemijskih sastavnica.
00:31
It produces an antibiotic called actinorhodin,
6
31160
2976
Proizvodi antibiotik zvan aktinorhodin,
00:34
which ranges in color from blue to pink and purple,
7
34160
4576
koji ima raspon boja od plave do ružičaste i ljubičaste,
00:38
depending on the acidity of its environment.
8
38760
2240
ovisno o kiselosti svog okruženja.
00:41
That it produces these pigment molecules sparked my curiosity
9
41920
3136
Pobudila je moju znatiželju jer proizvodi ove molekule pigmenta
00:45
and led me to collaborate closely with coelicolor.
10
45080
2400
i dovela me do uske suradnje s coelicolorom.
00:48
It is an unlikely partnership,
11
48280
2056
To je malo vjerojatno partnerstvo,
00:50
but it's one that completely transformed my practice as a materials designer.
12
50360
4360
ali je ono koje je potpuno transformiralo moju praksu kao dizajnerice materijala.
00:55
From it, I understood how nature was going to completely revolutionize
13
55560
4416
Iz toga, shvatila sam kako će priroda potpuno revolucionirati
01:00
how we design and build our environments,
14
60000
2856
kako dizajniramo i gradimo naša okruženja,
01:02
and that organisms like coelicolor
15
62880
2456
i da će nam organizmi kao coelicolor
01:05
were going to help us grow our material future.
16
65360
2320
pomoći proizvesti našu materijalnu budućnost.
01:08
So what's wrong with things as they are?
17
68720
2800
Pa što nije u redu sa stvarima kakve jesu?
01:12
Well, for the last century,
18
72560
1336
Pa, u zadnjem stoljeću,
01:13
we've organized ourselves around fossil fuels,
19
73920
3056
organizirali smo se oko fosilnih goriva,
uvjerljivo, najvredniji materijalni sustav za koji smo ikad znali.
01:17
arguably, the most valuable material system we have ever known.
20
77000
3056
01:20
We are tethered to this resource, and we've crafted a dependency on it
21
80080
3696
Vezani smo za ovaj izvor i stvorili smo ovisnost o tome
01:23
that defines our identities, cultures, our ways of making and our economies.
22
83800
5040
koja definira naše identitete, kulture, naše načine stvaranja i naša gospodarstva.
01:29
But our fossil fuel-based activities are reshaping the earth
23
89360
4496
Ali naše aktivnosti zasnovane na fosilnom gorivu preoblikuju Zemlju
01:33
with a kind of violence that is capable of dramatically changing the climate,
24
93880
4576
takvim nasiljem koje je sposobno dramatično promijeniti klimu,
01:38
of accelerating a loss of biodiversity
25
98480
3376
ubrzanjem gubitka bioraznolikosti
01:41
and even sustaining human conflict.
26
101880
1960
i čak održavanjem ljudskog sukoba.
01:44
We're living in a world
27
104640
1256
Živimo u svijetu
01:45
where the denial of this dependence has become deadly.
28
105920
3560
gdje je poricanje ove ovisnosti postalo smrtonosno.
01:50
And its reasons are multiple,
29
110200
1936
I njegovi razlozi su višestruki
01:52
but they include the privilege of not being affected
30
112160
4416
i uključuju privilegiju da nisu pogođeni
01:56
and what I believe is a profound lack of imagination
31
116600
3736
i što vjerujem da je duboki nedostatak mašte
02:00
about how else we could live
32
120360
2016
o tome kako bismo inače mogli živjeti
02:02
within the limits of this planet's boundaries.
33
122400
2640
unutar granica ograničenja ovog planeta.
02:06
Fossil fuels will one day give way to renewable energy.
34
126200
4616
Fosilna goriva će jednoga dana ustupiti mjesto obnovljivoj energiji.
02:10
That means we need to find new material systems
35
130840
2376
To znači da moramo naći nove materijalne sustave
02:13
that are not petroleum-based.
36
133240
2096
koji nisu bazirani na nafti.
02:15
I believe that those material systems will be biological,
37
135360
2720
Vjerujem da će ti materijalni sustavi biti biološki,
02:19
but what matters is how we design and build them.
38
139080
3095
i što je važno, kako ih dizajniramo i proizvodimo.
02:22
They mustn't perpetuate the destructive legacies of the oil age.
39
142199
4041
Ne smiju ovjekovječiti destruktivnu ostavštinu naftnog doba.
02:27
When you look at this image,
40
147960
2096
Kada pogledate ovu sliku,
02:30
what do you see?
41
150080
1200
što vidite?
02:33
Well, I see a highly sophisticated biological system,
42
153680
3616
Pa, ja vidim vrlo sofisticiran biološki sustav,
02:37
that through the use of enzymes,
43
157320
2056
koji korištenjem enzima,
02:39
can move and place atoms more quickly and precisely
44
159400
3056
može pomicati i postavljati atome puno brže i preciznije
02:42
than anything we've ever engineered.
45
162480
1920
nego bilo što od svega što smo ikada konstruirali.
02:45
And we know that it can do this at scale.
46
165120
2760
I znamo da to može učiniti u razmjeru.
02:48
Nature has evolved over 3.8 billion years
47
168920
2896
Priroda se razvijala tijekom 3,8 milijardi godina
02:51
to be able to do this,
48
171840
1856
da bi mogla učiniti to,
02:53
but now through the use of synthetic biology,
49
173720
2976
ali sad kroz upotrebu sintetske biologije,
02:56
an emerging scientific discipline
50
176720
1616
nova znanstvena tehnologija
02:58
that seeks to customize this functionality of living systems,
51
178360
3976
koja želi prilagoditi funkcionalnost živih sustava,
03:02
we can now rapid prototype the assembly of DNA.
52
182360
3720
možemo sada brzo prototipirati sastav DNK.
03:07
That means that we can engineer the kind of biological precision
53
187120
4416
To znači da možemo proizvesti vrstu biološke preciznosti
03:11
that makes it possible to design a bacteria
54
191560
4536
koja omogućuje kreiranje bakterije
03:16
that can recycle metal,
55
196120
2096
koja može reciklirati metal,
03:18
to grow fungi into furniture
56
198240
1976
koja može od gljivica stvoriti namještaj
03:20
and even sequester renewable energy from algae.
57
200240
3800
i čak odvojiti obnovljivu energiju iz algi.
03:24
To think about how we might access this inherent brilliance of nature --
58
204840
4816
Da pomislimo na to kako bismo mogli pristupiti
ovoj svojstvenoj briljantnosti prirode, da gradimo stvari od živih bića,
03:29
to build things from living things --
59
209680
2776
03:32
let's consider the biological process of fermentation.
60
212480
3136
razmotrimo biološki proces fermentacije.
03:35
I've come to think of fermentation, when harnessed by humans,
61
215640
3656
Počela sam razmišljati o fermentaciji kada je upregnuta od strane ljudi,
03:39
as an advanced technological toolkit for our survival.
62
219320
3256
kao napredan tehnološki alat za naš opstanak.
03:42
When a solid or a liquid ferments,
63
222600
2056
Kada čvrsta tvar ili tekućina fermentira,
03:44
it's chemically broken down by bacterial fungi.
64
224680
2560
kemijski je razgrađena bakterijskim gljivicama.
03:47
The byproduct of this is what we value.
65
227880
2096
Nusprodukt toga je ono što vrednujemo.
03:50
So for example, we add yeast to grapes to make wine.
66
230000
3480
Tako na primjer, dodajemo kvasac grožđu za pravljenje vina.
03:54
Well in nature, these transformations are part of a complex network --
67
234840
4496
Pa u prirodi, ove transformacije dio su složene mreže --
03:59
a continuous cycle that redistributes energy.
68
239360
3016
kontinuirani ciklus koji preraspodjeljuje energiju.
04:02
Fermentation gives rise to multispecies interactions
69
242400
2856
Fermentacija povisuje viševrsne interakcije
04:05
of bacteria and fungi,
70
245280
2136
bakterija i gljivica,
04:07
plants, insects, animals and humans:
71
247440
2616
biljaka, insekata, životinja i ljudi:
04:10
in other words, whole ecosystems.
72
250080
2160
drugim riječima, cijeli ekosustav.
04:13
We've known about these powerful microbial interactions
73
253120
3656
Znali smo za ove moćne mikrobne interakcije
04:16
for thousands of years.
74
256800
2176
tisućama godina.
04:19
You can see how through the fermentation of grains,
75
259000
2896
Možete vidjeti kako fermentacijom zrna,
04:21
vegetal matter and animal products,
76
261920
2656
biljnih materijala i životinjskih proizvoda
04:24
all peoples and cultures of the world have domesticated microorganisms
77
264600
4696
svi ljudi i kulture svijeta su pripitomili mikroorganizme
04:29
to make the inedible edible.
78
269320
1600
da učine nejestivo jestivim.
04:31
And there's even evidence that as early as 350 AD,
79
271839
4337
Postoji čak i dokaz da su već 350 g. po. Kr.
04:36
people deliberately fermented foodstuffs that contained antibiotics.
80
276200
4240
ljudi namjerno fermentirali namirnice koje su sadržavale antibiotike.
04:41
The skeletal remains of some Sudanese Nubian
81
281040
2656
U ostacima kostura nekih sudanskih Nubijaca
04:43
were found to contain significant deposits of tetracycline.
82
283720
3856
otkriveno je da sadrže značajne naslage tetraciklina.
04:47
That's an antibiotic that we use in modern medicine today.
83
287600
2840
To je antibiotik koji danas koristimo u modernoj medicini.
04:51
And nearly 1500 years later,
84
291440
3496
I skoro 1500 godina kasnije,
04:54
Alexander Fleming discovered the antimicrobial properties of mold.
85
294960
4456
Alexander Fleming je otkrio antimikrobna svojstva plijesni.
04:59
And it was only through the industrialized fermentation of penicillin
86
299440
4536
I samo kroz industrijaliziranu fermentaciju penicilina
05:04
that millions could survive infectious diseases.
87
304000
2720
milijuni su mogli preživjeti zarazne bolesti.
05:07
Fermentation could once again play an important role
88
307520
3176
Fermentacija bi još jednom mogla igrati važnu ulogu
05:10
in our human development.
89
310720
2296
u našem ljudskom razvoju.
05:13
Could it represent a new mode of survival
90
313040
2656
Može li predstavljati novi način preživljavanja
05:15
if we harness it to completely change our industries?
91
315720
3680
ako je iskoristimo da potpuno promijenimo naše industrije?
05:19
I've worked in my creative career to develop new material systems
92
319880
3496
U svojoj kreativnoj karijeri sam radila da razvijem nove materijalne sustave
05:23
for the textile industry.
93
323400
1536
za tekstilnu industriju.
05:24
And while it is work that I love,
94
324960
2256
I dok je to posao koji volim,
05:27
I cannot reconcile with the fact that the textile industry
95
327240
2715
ne mogu se pomiriti s činjenicom da je tekstilna industrija
05:29
is one of the most polluting in the world.
96
329979
2277
jedna od najzagađenijih na svijetu.
05:32
Most of the ecological harm caused by textile processing
97
332280
4816
Većina ekološke štete uzrokovana preradom tekstila
05:37
occurs at the finishing and the dyeing stage.
98
337120
2280
događa se u završnoj obradi i fazi bojanja.
05:40
Processing textiles requires huge amounts of water.
99
340840
3600
Obrada tekstila zahtijeva velike količine vode.
05:45
And since the oil age completely transformed the textile industry,
100
345120
4416
I budući da je naftno doba potpuno transformiralo tekstilnu industriju,
05:49
many of the materials
101
349560
1256
mnogi materijali
05:50
and the chemicals used to process them are petroleum based.
102
350840
4536
i kemikalije korišteni za njihovu obradu su bazirani na nafti.
05:55
And so coupled with our insatiable appetite for fast fashion,
103
355400
4400
I tako u kombinaciji s našim nezasitnim apetitom za brzom modom,
06:00
a huge amount of textile waste is ending up in landfill every year
104
360680
4696
ogromna količina tekstilnog otpada svake godine završi na odlagalištu
06:05
because it remains notoriously difficult to recycle.
105
365400
3360
jer ostaje očigledno težak za recikliranje.
06:09
So again, contrast this with biology.
106
369640
3456
Pa opet, usporedite to s biologijom.
06:13
Evolved over 3.8 billion years,
107
373120
3096
Evoluirana tijekom 3,8 milijardi godina,
06:16
to rapid prototype,
108
376240
1856
do brzog prototipa,
06:18
to recycle and to replenish
109
378120
2576
da reciklira i nadopunjuje
06:20
better than any system we've ever engineered.
110
380720
2680
bolje od bilo kojeg sustava koji smo ikada razvili.
06:24
I was inspired by this immense potential
111
384480
2336
Bila sam inspirirana tim ogromnim potencijalom
06:26
and wanted to explore it through a seemingly simple question --
112
386840
3936
i htjela sam to istražiti kroz naizgled jednostavno pitanje --
06:30
at the time.
113
390800
1200
u to vrijeme.
06:32
If a bacteria produces a pigment,
114
392880
2496
Ako bakterija stvara pigment,
06:35
how do we work with it to dye textiles?
115
395400
2520
kako njime radimo na bojenju tekstila?
06:39
Well, one of my favorite ways
116
399080
2376
Pa, jedan od mojih najdražih načina
06:41
is to grow Streptomyces coelicolor directly onto silk.
117
401480
5056
je uzgojiti Streptomyces coelicolor izravno na svili.
06:46
You can see how each colony produces pigment around its own territory.
118
406560
4240
Možete vidjeti kako svaka kolonija stvara pigment oko vlastitog teritorija.
06:51
Now, if you add many, many cells,
119
411720
2736
Sada, ako dodate mnogo, mnogo stanica,
06:54
they generate enough dyestuff to saturate the entire cloth.
120
414480
5600
one stvore dovoljno boje da natope cijelu krpu.
07:07
Now, the magical thing about dyeing textiles in this way --
121
427120
3696
Sada, čarobna stvar u ovakvom načinu bojanja tekstila --
07:10
this sort of direct fermentation
122
430840
1576
ova vrsta izravne fermentacije
07:12
when you add the bacteria directly onto the silk --
123
432440
3896
kada dodate bakteriju izravno na svilu --
07:16
is that to dye one t-shirt,
124
436360
3216
da biste obojali jednu majicu,
07:19
the bacteria survive on just 200 milliliters of water.
125
439600
3840
bakterija preživi na samo 200 mililitara vode.
07:24
And you can see how this process generates very little runoff
126
444360
5296
I možete vidjeti kako ovaj proces stvara jako malo otpada
07:29
and produces a colorfast pigment without the use of any chemicals.
127
449680
5576
i stvara obojani pigment bez upotrebe ikakvih kemikalija.
07:35
So now you're thinking --
128
455280
1536
I sada mislite --
07:36
and you're thinking right --
129
456840
2496
i točno mislite --
07:39
an inherent problem associated with designing with a living system is:
130
459360
5036
prisutan problem povezan s dizajniranjem sa živim sustavom je:
07:44
How do you guide a medium that has a life force of its own?
131
464420
3460
Kako voditi medij koji ima vlastitu životnu silu?
07:48
Well, once you've established the baseline for cultivating Streptomyces
132
468480
5376
Pa, kada jednom uspostavite osnovicu za uzgoj Streptomyces
07:53
so that it consistently produces enough pigment,
133
473880
3216
tako da konstantno stvara dovoljno pigmenta,
07:57
you can turn to twisting, folding,
134
477120
3056
možete se okrenuti uvijanju, savijanju,
08:00
clamping, dipping, spraying,
135
480200
2856
stezanju, uranjanju, prskanju,
08:03
submerging --
136
483080
1536
potapanju --
08:04
all of these begin to inform the aesthetics of coelicolor's activity.
137
484640
5000
sve to počinje informirati estetiku aktivnosti coelicolora.
08:10
And using them in a systematic way
138
490880
1736
I koristeći ih na sustavan način
08:12
enables us to be able to generate an organic pattern ...
139
492640
3720
omogućuje nam da možemo proizvesti organski uzorak ...
08:18
a uniform dye ...
140
498320
1200
jednoliku boju ...
08:21
and even a graphic print.
141
501040
2040
pa čak i grafički otisak.
08:25
Another problem is how to scale these artisanal methods of making
142
505240
6096
Drugi problem je kako postići mjerenje ovih zanatskih metoda izrade
08:31
so that we can start to use them in industry.
143
511360
3680
kako bismo ih mogli početi koristiti u industriji.
08:36
When we talk about scale,
144
516800
1456
Kada govorimo o mjerenju,
08:38
we consider two things in parallel:
145
518280
2536
razmatramo dvije svari paralelno:
08:40
scaling the biology,
146
520840
1616
odmjeravanje biologije
08:42
and then scaling the tools and the processes
147
522480
2856
i zatim odmjeravanje alata i procesa
08:45
required to work with the biology.
148
525360
1920
potrebnih za rad s biologijom.
08:48
If we can do this,
149
528440
1215
Ako možemo to učiniti,
08:49
then we can move what happens on a petri dish
150
529679
2377
tada možemo to što se događa u Petrijevoj zdjelici
08:52
so that it can meet the human scale,
151
532080
2496
primijeniti na razinu koja će zadovoljiti ljudsku mjeru,
08:54
and then hopefully the architecture of our environments.
152
534600
3480
i onda, nadamo se, arhitekturu našeg okoliša.
09:02
If Fleming were alive today,
153
542760
1416
Da je Fleming danas živ,
09:04
this would definitely be a part of his toolkit.
154
544200
2800
ovo bi definitivno bio dio njegovog alata.
09:07
You're looking at our current best guess
155
547760
2816
Gledate naše trenutno najbolje nagađanje
09:10
of how to scale biology.
156
550600
1800
za odmjeravanje biologije.
09:13
It's a bioreactor;
157
553280
1256
To je bioreaktor;
09:14
a kind of microorganism brewery that contains yeasts
158
554560
3096
vrsta pivnice mikroorganizama koja sadrži kvasac
09:17
that have been engineered to produce specific commodity chemicals and compounds
159
557680
5136
koja je razvijena za proizvodnju specifičnih robnih kemikalija i sastavnica
09:22
like fragrances and flavors.
160
562840
2040
poput mirisa i okusa.
09:25
It's actually connected to a suite of automated hardware and software
161
565760
3496
Zapravo je povezan sa setom automatskog hardvera i softvera
09:29
that read in real time
162
569280
1936
koji se očitavaju u stvarnom vremenu i daju povratnu informaciju
09:31
and feed back to a design team the growth conditions of the microbe.
163
571240
6176
dizajnerskom timu o uvjetima rasta mikroba.
09:37
So we can use this system to model the growth characteristics
164
577440
3096
Tako možemo koristiti ovaj sustav
za oblikovanje karakteristika rasta organizma kao što je coelicolor
09:40
of an organism like coelicolor
165
580560
2616
09:43
to see how it would ferment at 50,000 liters.
166
583200
3400
da vidimo kako bi se fermentirao u 50,000 litara.
09:47
I'm currently based at Ginkgo Bioworks,
167
587800
2816
Trenutno mi je sjedište u Ginkgo Bioworksu,
09:50
which is a biotechnology startup in Boston.
168
590640
2480
što je biotehnološki startup u Bostonu.
09:54
I am working to see how their platform for scaling biology
169
594160
4336
Radim da vidim kako njihova platforma za odmjeravanje biologije
09:58
interfaces with my artisanal methods of designing with bacteria for textiles.
170
598520
5256
utječe na moje zanatske metode dizajna s bakterijom za tekstil.
10:03
We're doing things like engineering Streptomyces coelicolor
171
603800
4296
Radimo stvari poput razvijanja Streptomyces coelicolor
10:08
to see if it can produce more pigment.
172
608120
2480
da vidimo može li proizvesti više pigmenta.
10:11
And we're even looking at the tools for synthetic biology.
173
611640
4136
I čak istražujemo alate za sintetsku biologiju.
10:15
Tools that have been designed specifically to automate synthetic biology
174
615800
4896
Alati koji su posebno dizajnirani za automatizaciju sintetske biologije,
10:20
to see how they could adapt to become tools to print and dye textiles.
175
620720
3880
da vidimo kako se mogu prilagoditi da postanu alati za ispis i bojanje tekstila.
10:25
I'm also leveraging digital fabrication,
176
625440
3056
Također koristim digitalnu izradu
10:28
because the tools that I need to work with Streptomyces coelicolor
177
628520
3576
jer alati koji su mi potrebni za rad s Streptomyces coelicolor
10:32
don't actually exist.
178
632120
1896
zapravo ne postoje.
10:34
So in this case --
179
634040
1536
Pa u tom slučaju --
10:35
in the last week actually,
180
635600
1416
zapravo u prošlom tjednu,
10:37
I've just designed a petri dish
181
637040
2256
sam dizajnirala Petrijevu zdjelicu
10:39
that is engineered to produce a bespoke print on a whole garment.
182
639320
4816
koja je razvijena da proizvede poseban otisak na cijeloj odjeći.
10:44
We're making lots of kimonos.
183
644160
1720
Izrađujemo puno kimona.
10:46
Here's the exciting thing:
184
646760
1976
Evo uzbudljive stvari:
10:48
I'm not alone.
185
648760
1376
Nisam sama.
10:50
There are others who are building capacity in this field,
186
650160
2896
Postoje drugi koji šire mogućnosti na ovom polju,
10:53
like MycoWorks.
187
653080
1936
kao MycoWorks.
10:55
MycoWorks is a startup
188
655040
1736
MycoWorks je startup
10:56
that wants to replace animal leather with mushroom leather,
189
656800
2936
koji želi zamijeniti životinjsku kožu kožom gljiva,
10:59
a versatile, high-performance material
190
659760
2656
raznolikim, visokoučinkovitim materijalom
11:02
that has applications beyond textiles and into product and architecture.
191
662440
4120
koji ima primjene još dalje od tekstila u proizvodu i arhitekturi.
11:07
And Bolt Threads --
192
667840
1736
I Bolt Threads --
11:09
they've engineered a yeast to produce spider-silk protein
193
669600
5256
izradili su kvasac za proizvodnju proteina paukove svile
11:14
that can be spun into a highly programmable yarn.
194
674880
3896
koji se može razviti u visoko programabilnu pređu.
11:18
So think water resistance,
195
678800
1856
Pa pomislite na otpornost na vodu,
11:20
stretchability and superstrength.
196
680680
2360
rastezljivost i natprosječnu čvrstoću.
11:24
To reach economies of scale,
197
684480
1896
Da bismo postigli ekonomiju razmjera,
11:26
these kinds of startups are having to build and design
198
686400
4696
ove vrste startupa moraju graditi, dizajnirati
11:31
and engineer the infrastructure to work with biology.
199
691120
2800
i razviti infrastrukturu za rad s biologijom.
11:34
For example,
200
694640
1216
Na primjer,
11:35
Bolt Threads have had to engage in some extreme biomimicry.
201
695880
3840
Bolt Threads su se morali angažirati u ponešto ekstremnoj biomimikriji.
11:40
To be able to spin the product this yeast creates into a yarn,
202
700360
5296
Da bi mogli razviti proizvod, koji kvasac stvara, u pređu,
11:45
they've engineered a yarn-making machine
203
705680
3416
izradili su stroj za izradu pređe
11:49
that mimics the physiological conditions
204
709120
2896
koji oponaša fiziološke uvjete
11:52
under which spiders ordinarily spin their own silk.
205
712040
3560
pod kojima pauci obično vrte svoju svilu.
11:56
So you can start to see how imaginative
206
716960
3496
Sada možete početi vidjeti kakvi maštoviti
12:00
and inspiring modes of making exist in nature
207
720480
5656
i nadahnjujući načini izrade postoje u prirodi
12:06
that we can use to build capacity around new bio-based industries.
208
726160
5656
koje možemo koristiti za rast kapaciteta oko novih bioindustrija.
12:11
What we now have is the technology
209
731840
2136
Ono što sada imamo je tehnologija
12:14
to design, build, test and scale these capabilities.
210
734000
5816
dizajniranja, izrade, testiranja i mjerenja ovih mogućnosti.
12:19
At this present moment,
211
739840
1256
U ovom trenutku,
12:21
as we face the ecological crisis in front of us,
212
741120
4656
dok se suočavamo s ekološkom krizom pred nama,
12:25
what we have to do is to determine
213
745800
2336
što moramo učiniti je utvrditi
12:28
how we're going to build these new material systems
214
748160
3176
kako ćemo izraditi ove nove materijalne sustave
12:31
so that they don't mirror the damaging legacies of the oil age.
215
751360
5776
tako da ne zrcale štetnu ostavštinu naftnog doba.
12:37
How we're going to distribute them to ensure a sustainable development
216
757160
4456
Kako ćemo ih rasporediti da osiguramo održivi razvoj
12:41
that is fair and equitable across the world.
217
761640
2776
koji je pravedan i nepristran diljem svijeta.
12:44
And crucially, how we would like the regulatory and ethical frameworks
218
764440
3456
I ključno, kako bismo htjeli da regulatorni i etički okviri
12:47
that govern these technologies
219
767920
1456
koji upravljaju ovim tehnologijama
12:49
to interact with our society.
220
769400
1400
komuniciraju s našim društvom.
12:52
Biotechnology is going to touch every part of our lived experience.
221
772400
3656
Biotehnologija će dotaknuti svaki dio našeg proživljenog iskustva.
12:56
It is living;
222
776080
1216
To je živo,
12:57
it is digital;
223
777320
1456
to je digitalno,
12:58
it is designed, and it can be crafted.
224
778800
2776
to je dizajnirano, i može biti izrađeno.
13:01
This is a material future that we must be bold enough to shape.
225
781600
3120
Ovo je materijalna budućnost za koju moramo biti dovoljno hrabri da je oblikujemo.
13:05
Thank you.
226
785360
1416
Hvala vam.
13:06
(Applause)
227
786800
2520
(Pljesak)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7