The Massive Machines Removing Carbon from Earth's Atmosphere | Jan Wurzbacher | TED

121,224 views ใƒป 2023-02-24

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: gaith Takrity ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Shimaa Nabil
00:08
Well today I'm really glad to get to share something with you
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ุฃู†ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุณุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ุนูƒู…ุŒ
00:11
that I've been working on for the past 15 years.
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ 15 ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ.
00:15
But more importantly,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
00:17
something that could become the first specimen
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
00:20
of an entire new industry that we might find all around the planet
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ู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ
00:24
over the next decades.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ.
00:27
Think of it as something like the very first smartphone.
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุงุชู ุฐูƒูŠ.
00:30
Still quite clumsy and quite expensive, but of transformative technology.
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ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‚ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู…ูƒู„ูู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ูŠุฉ.
00:36
Smartphones have changed the way how we communicate.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุจู‡ุง.
00:41
This, I hope,
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ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ.
00:42
could change the way we deal with global warming.
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00:46
This is Orca.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูƒุง Orca.
00:47
This is the first worldwide commercial direct air capture and storage plant.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฅุนู„ุงู† ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ูˆุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ.
00:51
It is in Iceland,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠุณู„ู†ุฏุงุŒ
00:53
and it is an industrial plant that extracts CO2 out of ambient air.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุตู†ุน ูŠุณุชุฎุฑุฌ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท.
00:57
We have operated now for more than one year.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุงู….
01:00
It costs more than 10 million dollars to build Orca.
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ูŠูƒู„ู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 10 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู„ุจู†ุงุก Orca.
01:04
And its modules,
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ูˆูˆุญุฏุงุชู‡ุŒ
01:06
those eight boxes that we call CO2 collectors,
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฏูŠู‚ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู…ุนูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุŒ
01:09
they are designed to extract a bit more than 10 tons of carbon dioxide
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 10 ุฃุทู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† (CO2)
01:14
from the air every day.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู….
01:16
It sounds quite expensive.
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุจุงู‡ุธ ุงู„ุซู…ู†.
01:18
However, when thinking about cost, we should keep in mind one thing.
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ููŠ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑู†ุง ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุง.
01:22
There is one thing that we cannot buy,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุดุฑุงุคู‡ุŒ
01:24
and that is time.
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ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
01:26
And we need to be quite fast here.
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุณุฑูŠุนูŠู† ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง.
01:30
So that is why
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ
01:32
Orca is not there to demonstrate costs.
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ุฃูˆุฑูƒุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒุงู„ูŠู.
01:36
Orca is there to show in the field, out there, in the weather,
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ุฃูˆุฑูƒุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู‚ุณุŒ
01:42
that the plant is operating, and Orca is working.
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ูŠุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุฃูˆุฑูƒุง ูŠุนู…ู„.
01:46
So the next step for us at Climeworks
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ Climeworks
01:48
and for all the other companies in the field
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ูˆู„ู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„
01:50
is now going forward, improving the technology,
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
01:54
scaling it up from tens to hundreds to millions of tons capacity.
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ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู†ุทุงู‚ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฆุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุทู†ุงู†.
01:58
And as we go ahead and we scale it up,
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ูˆุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ู…ุถูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู†ุทุงู‚ู‡ุŒ
02:02
with every new plant going online,
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ู…ุน ูƒู„ ู…ุตู†ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู…ู„ุŒ
02:05
we'll have efficiencies going up and we'll have costs going down.
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ุณุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุงุช ูˆุณูˆู ุชู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ุชูƒุงู„ูŠู.
02:10
Now, how does it work?
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
02:13
In the case of Orca,
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆุฑูƒุงุŒ
02:14
we have fans mounted to the CO2 collectors that draw air through them.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุฑุงูˆุญ ู…ุซุจุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ุนุงุช CO2 ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง.
02:19
Inside there is a filter material that we call sorbent,
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุดุญุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุงุตุฉุŒ
02:23
a highly porous material.
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ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
02:25
And as the air pulls through it,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุณุญุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุŒ
02:27
the CO2 is bound at the surface of this material.
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ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุณุทุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ.
02:31
Think of it as a sponge that sucks up water in its pores.
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุณูู†ุฌุฉ ุชู…ุชุต ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ู…ุณุงู…ู‡ุง.
02:35
We do that for a certain time until the material is filled with used CO2,
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ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ุชู„ุฆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุบุงุฒ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ
02:39
it is saturated.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุดุจุน.
02:40
And we close the modules,
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ูˆู†ุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุชุŒ
02:42
we heat them up to around 100 degrees Celsius,
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ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุณุฎูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 100 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
02:45
and we can extract concentrated CO2 from them.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ .
02:49
The good thing is that the main energy input
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุฏุฎู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ
02:51
that we need for that process is low temperature heat
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ
02:54
at around 100 degrees Celsius.
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 100 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ.
02:57
And it can entirely be powered by renewable energy.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุดุบูŠู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉ.
03:02
Now that looks quite easy at first glance, right?
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุณู‡ู„ู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ู„ูˆู‡ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
03:06
And indeed, the process behind that is quite simple.
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ูˆุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุงุก ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
03:10
However, when it comes to implementing that into reality
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
03:14
in the field out there
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
03:15
with the purpose of having a plant that is constantly operating,
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ุจุบุฑุถ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตู†ุน ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑุŒ
03:18
24/7, reliably,
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุทูˆุงู„ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ
03:21
then it becomes quite challenging.
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ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุนุจู‹ุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
03:23
Let me give you two examples why it is a challenge
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ุงุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู† ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุญุฏ
03:26
to capture and remove CO2 from the air.
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ู„ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ูˆุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
03:29
First of all,
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ
03:30
there is not a lot of CO2 in the air.
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
03:33
We're currently at around 420 ppm.
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ู†ุญู† ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 420 ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†.
03:36
That means one molecule out of 2,500 molecules in the air around us
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† 2500 ุฌุฒูŠุฆ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง
03:42
is CO2.
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ู‡ูˆ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†.
03:43
That's not a lot.
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
03:45
And that means to extract only one ton of CO2 from the air,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุทู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุŒ
03:49
we need to filter around two million cubic meters of air.
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ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุตููŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
03:53
That's about 800 Olympic swimming pools.
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ุฃูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 800 ุญู…ุงู… ุณุจุงุญุฉ ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠ.
03:56
And there's another way of picturing that, which I personally find quite puzzling.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุฃุฌุฏู‡ ู…ุญูŠุฑู‹ุง ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ุง.
04:00
Imagine one of these filters
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญุงุช
04:02
with an inlet area of one meter by one meter.
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ู…ุน ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุฏุฎู„ ู…ุชุฑ ููŠ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
04:05
And the amount of air,
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ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ
04:07
like, think of it as a block of air
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
04:08
that you have to push through that filter inlet
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ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุฏูุนูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญ
04:12
to take just one ton of CO2 out of the air,
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ู„ุฃุฎุฐ ุทู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ
04:15
is 2,000 kilometers long.
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ูŠุจู„ุบ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง 2000 ูƒูŠู„ูˆู…ุชุฑ.
04:19
Another example why this is a challenge
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ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ
04:22
is that it is not so easy to find good,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ุŒ
04:26
actually, the best sorbent materials,
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ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุตุฉุŒ
04:28
which are both high-performing
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ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก
04:30
and which can prevail outside there in the field with a long life.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุงุก ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ.
04:34
Now, in this next picture, you see Christoph and myself,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุฑู‰ ูƒุฑูŠุณุชูˆู ูˆุฃู†ุงุŒ
04:38
cofounders of Climeworks,
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ู…ุคุณุณูŠ ClimeworksุŒ
04:39
in the very early days of Climeworks, working on that.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ClimeworksุŒ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
04:42
The very first sorbents, we produced them with our own hands,
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ุงุŒ
04:46
such as you would do your laundry if you didn't have a washing machine.
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ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ู„ุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุบุณุงู„ุฉ.
04:49
We set some sorbents on fire,
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ุฃุดุนู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุตุฉุŒ
04:51
and we produced hundreds of samples in the past 10 years.
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ูˆุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุง ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ.
04:56
Looking forward,
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ุจุชุทู„ุนุŒ
04:57
thousands of more will come, very likely.
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ุขู„ุงู ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุณูŠูู†ุชุฌุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ.
05:01
Now, this is one way of doing it.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
05:04
We are doing that in our company, but many others are doing it.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุชู†ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู† ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
05:07
There are companies out there, start-ups,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฑูƒุงุชุŒ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู†ุงุดุฆุฉุŒ
05:09
more established companies and researchers and scientists.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฑุงุณุฎุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก.
05:13
And that is a good thing
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ
05:14
because the challenge ahead of us is immense.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุงุฆู„.
05:17
Now let's step back and look at the big picture.
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ู„ู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุก ูˆู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
05:21
So where does this kind of technology fit into our overall fight
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ุฃูŠู† ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ููŠ ู…ุนุฑูƒุชู†ุง ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ุฉ
05:25
against climate change?
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ุถุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎุŸ
05:27
And it's important that first and foremost,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ูˆู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ
05:29
the most important thing we need to do is, and will always stay,
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ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุงุŒ
05:33
the drastic reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases.
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ุงู„ุฎูุถ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุช ู…ู† ุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฏููŠุฆุฉ.
05:38
Without that,
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ุฏูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
05:39
we will have no chance of ever meeting any of our climate goals.
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ุฏุงูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉ.
05:43
Then in a second step,
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ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
05:44
it will be important that we can all ramp up the capacity
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ู†ุชู…ูƒู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุชูƒุซูŠู ุงู„ุณุนุฉ
05:49
of extracting and removing CO2 from the atmosphere.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ.
05:53
Now, when thinking about the latter, so far I've spoken about technology,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
05:56
but we shouldn't forget that also, nature offers several solutions
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„
06:00
to extract carbon from the air,
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ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ
06:02
such as forests and oceans.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช.
06:04
And one element that is very important
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ูˆุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
06:06
will be doubling down on these methods offered by nature,
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ุณูˆู ุชุชุถุงุนู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
06:10
enhancing them and protecting them.
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ู„ุชุนุฒูŠุฒู‡ุง ูˆุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ุง.
06:13
That is important.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู….
06:14
However, will it be sufficient to rely only on nature-based carbon sinks?
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠูƒููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญูˆุงุถ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŸ
06:20
Very likely not.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ ู„ุง.
06:21
Trees need time to grow and forests need space,
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ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุบุงุจุงุช ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉุŒ
06:25
and there is simply just not enough area available
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ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชุชูˆูุฑ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ
06:28
to plant entire continents of new forests,
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ู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ู‚ุงุฑุงุช ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุบุงุจุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
06:31
which we would need
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡
06:33
in order to capture many billions of tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุทู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ.
06:38
And therefore,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ
06:39
besides preserving all these nature-based solutions and enhancing them,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูˆุชุนุฒูŠุฒู‡ุงุŒ
06:42
it will be very important to scale up technology-based solutions
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู†ุทุงู‚ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
06:47
for large-scale carbon removal from the atmosphere.
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ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูˆ.
06:51
Now, I often get asked if you build direct air capture plants
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃูุณุฃู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุจู†ูŠ ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ
06:55
like the one we saw before,
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ
06:57
is that a license to continue polluting?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุฎูŠุต ู„ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซุŸ
07:00
It is clearly not.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
07:01
Direct air capture is not a silver bullet, but it is a must-have.
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ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ุฑุตุงุตุฉ ูุถูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู†ู‡.
07:06
Had we stopped emitting 20, 30 years ago,
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ู„ูˆ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซ ู‚ุจู„ 20 ุฃูˆ 30 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
07:09
or at least substantially reduced our emissions,
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ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎูุถ ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุชู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
07:12
Climeworks and this whole emerging industry around us
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Climeworks ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุดุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง
07:15
would likely not be here today.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
07:17
And for the climate,
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุฎุŒ
07:18
that would probably be the better solution.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„.
07:21
However, that's not where we are today.
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
07:24
Today, the IPCC has indicated in their last report
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฃุดุงุฑุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ููŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
07:27
that technology-based solutions to remove carbon from the air
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ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
07:31
are a necessity,
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ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉุŒ
07:33
and they included it [in] their models.
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ูˆุฃุฏุฑุฌูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌู‡ู….
07:38
And that is why this entire industry that is currently emerging
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุจุฑู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง
07:42
now needs to double down on moving from small-scale and relatively expensive
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ูƒู„ู ู†ุณุจูŠู‹ุง
07:46
to larger-scale and cheap.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุฃูˆุณุน ูˆุฃุฑุฎุต.
07:49
Double down on developing, deploying,
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ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ูˆู†ุดุฑ
07:52
learning and adjusting in the field.
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู†.
07:55
We have to develop markets,
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ุŒ
07:57
we have to develop policy.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
07:59
And we have to develop mechanisms
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุงุช
08:02
to analyze the CO2 capture
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ู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
08:06
and other technical ways of removing CO2
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ูˆุทุฑู‚ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
08:09
that take care of the fact
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุชู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
08:11
that by taking CO2 out of the air with machines
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุจุงู„ุขู„ุงุช
08:14
and putting it down in the ground
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ูˆูˆุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
08:15
we have one of the most permanent ways of storing the CO2 away
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุฏูŠู…ูˆู…ุฉ ู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุง
08:20
for millions of years.
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ู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู†.
08:22
Now letโ€™s get back one step,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
08:25
and letโ€™s get back to today where we are.
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ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
08:27
And letโ€™s get back to the present, to what is concrete.
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ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณ.
08:30
Let's get back to Iceland and our Orca plant.
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ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุณู„ู†ุฏุง ูˆู…ุตู†ุน ุฃูˆุฑูƒุง ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู†ุง.
08:33
I've told you before how these collectors extract CO2 from the air.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑุชูƒู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ุนุงุช ุชุณุชุฎู„ุต ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
08:37
Now, how do we make sure that it really permanently stays locked away?
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุบู„ู‚ู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุŸ
08:41
For that reason, in Iceland,
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠุณู„ู†ุฏุงุŒ
08:43
we have partnered up with a company Carbfix
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุดุฑุงูƒุฉ ู…ุน ุดุฑูƒุฉ Carbfix
08:46
and have developed a method
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุทูˆุฑูˆุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
08:48
for permanent carbon storage through mineralization.
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ู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุนุฏู†.
08:52
What they do is they take the CO2, mix it with water,
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ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุฎู„ุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ
08:55
and inject it into underground volcanic, so-called basalt rock formations.
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ูˆุญู‚ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฌูˆููŠุฉุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุตุฎุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุฒู„ุชูŠุฉ.
09:00
That is one of the most abundant stone or stone material that you find on Earth.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงุฑ ูˆูุฑุฉ ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
09:05
And by doing so,
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ
09:07
the CO2 binds with the rock, it mineralizes,
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ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุงู„ุตุฎุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุชู…ุนุฏู†ุŒ
09:09
and it literally turns into stone within two years,
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ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุญุฑููŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฌุฑ ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุนุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
09:13
hundreds of meters underground.
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ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุชุงุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
09:15
The good thing about that method is that it is very tangible,
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
09:18
and it's very easy to understand.
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูู‡ู…ู‡.
09:20
And for that purpose, I've brought this rock sample here for you.
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุบุฑุถุŒ ุฃุญุถุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุตุฎุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ูƒู….
09:24
That is taken actually from a drill core
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ู† ู„ุจ ุงู„ุญูุฑ
09:28
of a basalt rock formation hundreds of meters underground.
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ู„ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ุงู„ุจุงุฒู„ุชูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุชุงุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
09:31
And what you can see here, that's a black rock,
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ูˆู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุตุฎุฑุฉ ุณูˆุฏุงุก
09:34
which is the black basalt rock, containing some white crystals.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตุฎุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุฒู„ุช ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก.
09:37
And these crystals are CO2 turned into stone underground
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฌุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
09:42
and locked away.
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ูˆุชู… ุญุจุณู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏุง.
09:43
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
09:48
Now I explained to you one method of doing this.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
09:52
There are several other methods out there.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุทุฑู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
09:54
There are several other techniques, other technologies.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
09:57
But the important thing about it is that this thing is out there.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
10:00
It's in practice, it's operating, and we are learning from it.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡.
10:03
And that is so essential for this new industry.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
10:05
And we have learned a lot, actually.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
10:07
We have learned how to operate on hot, dry summer days.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุตูŠู ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุงูุฉ.
10:12
We learned to operate them in pouring rain.
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ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุชุดุบูŠู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ุบุฒูŠุฑ.
10:15
And we even had to learn how to operate them on a just normal day.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุฃู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุดุบูŠู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุนุงุฏูŠ.
10:19
We had to learn how to ramp up the Orca plant
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ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชูƒุซูŠู ู…ุตู†ุน ุฃูˆุฑูƒุง
10:22
immediately after an Icelandic snowstorm.
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ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุนุงุตูุฉ ุซู„ุฌูŠุฉ ุขูŠุณู„ู†ุฏูŠุฉ.
10:26
And this all is what we need
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡
10:28
in order to deploy these plants all over the world.
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ู†ุดุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
10:33
We should deploy them all over the world
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ู†ุดุฑู‡ู… ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
10:35
because we do need so many of them.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู….
10:37
We can deploy them all over the world because the air is everywhere around us
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุดุฑู‡ู… ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง
10:42
and the CO2 is almost the same concentration
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ูˆ CO2 ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
10:46
everywhere where we are.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†.
10:48
So it doesn't matter where we capture the CO2.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ู†ู„ุชู‚ุท ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†.
10:51
And for that reason,
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ
10:52
and in the spirit of deploying more,
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ูˆุจุฑูˆุญ ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏุŒ
10:54
in June of this year
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ููŠ ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…
10:55
we have announced the next step on our Climeworks scale-up road map,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุนู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุทุฑูŠู‚ Climeworks ู„ุชูˆุณูŠุน ู†ุทุงู‚ู†ุงุŒ
10:59
which is named Mammoth, and that is what you see here.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงู…ูˆุซุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุฑุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง.
11:01
That is a plant which is nine times larger than the Orca plant,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตู†ุน ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุณุน ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ู…ุตู†ุน ุฃูˆุฑูƒุงุŒ
11:06
that will be in Iceland as well.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฃูŠุณู„ู†ุฏุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
11:08
And the first tons of CO2 will be captured by the end of 2023.
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ูˆุฃูˆู„ ุทู† ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุณูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทู‡ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู… 2023.
11:13
This winter, we will finalize the first building before the snow starts.
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ุณู†ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุซู„ุฌ.
11:19
Now there is a big challenge ahead of us.
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ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง.
11:23
And actually, you can only really understand what this challenge is
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ูู‚ุท ุญู‚ู‹ุง ูู‡ู… ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ
11:27
and really quantify it
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ูˆู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุญู‚ู‹ุง
11:28
if you build these things out there,
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ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
11:31
make mistakes and learn from them.
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ู†ุฎุทุฆ ูˆู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡.
11:34
So it's a hard problem.
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ.
11:35
It's not a simple problem to solve,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุญู„ู‡ุงุŒ
11:37
and there is no easy solution to it.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุญู„ ุณู‡ู„ ู„ู‡ุง.
11:39
And without action like this, there is no solution at all.
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ูˆุจุฏูˆู† ุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุญู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
11:43
And so when I started looking back at the last 15 years,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุนุฏู…ุง ู†ุธุฑุช ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ 15 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
11:47
what we have been doing,
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ูˆู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡ุŒ
11:48
I'm now looking forward to the next 15 years that are to come
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ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุชุทู„ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
11:52
because that is what we need.
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡.
11:54
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
11:55
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7