The Massive Machines Removing Carbon from Earth's Atmosphere | Jan Wurzbacher | TED

121,123 views

2023-02-24 ใƒป TED


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The Massive Machines Removing Carbon from Earth's Atmosphere | Jan Wurzbacher | TED

121,123 views ใƒป 2023-02-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyeryung Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:08
Well today I'm really glad to get to share something with you
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์œ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
00:11
that I've been working on for the past 15 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
But more importantly,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
00:17
something that could become the first specimen
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00:20
of an entire new industry that we might find all around the planet
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ฒซ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
over the next decades.
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00:27
Think of it as something like the very first smartphone.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Still quite clumsy and quite expensive, but of transformative technology.
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์•„์ง ๋งŽ์ด ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฝค ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
00:36
Smartphones have changed the way how we communicate.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
This, I hope,
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00:42
could change the way we deal with global warming.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
This is Orca.
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00:47
This is the first worldwide commercial direct air capture and storage plant.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ƒ์—… ์‹œ์„ค์ด์ฃ .
00:51
It is in Iceland,
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์— ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:53
and it is an industrial plant that extracts CO2 out of ambient air.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜• ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ์„œ
00:57
We have operated now for more than one year.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ ๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
It costs more than 10 million dollars to build Orca.
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์˜ค๋ฅด์นด๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
And its modules,
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์˜ค๋ฅด์นด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š”
01:06
those eight boxes that we call CO2 collectors,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒ์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:09
they are designed to extract a bit more than 10 tons of carbon dioxide
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 10ํ†ค ์ด์ƒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
from the air every day.
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01:16
It sounds quite expensive.
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฝค ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
01:18
However, when thinking about cost, we should keep in mind one thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
There is one thing that we cannot buy,
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๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:24
and that is time.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And we need to be quite fast here.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์ฃ .
01:30
So that is why
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅด์นด๋Š”
01:32
Orca is not there to demonstrate costs.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ ค ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Orca is there to show in the field, out there, in the weather,
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์˜ค๋ฅด์นด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:42
that the plant is operating, and Orca is working.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
So the next step for us at Climeworks
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ํด๋ผ์ž„์›์Šค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
01:48
and for all the other companies in the field
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01:50
is now going forward, improving the technology,
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:54
scaling it up from tens to hundreds to millions of tons capacity.
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ํฌ์ง‘ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ํ†ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ํ†ค, ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
And as we go ahead and we scale it up,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ
02:02
with every new plant going online,
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02:05
we'll have efficiencies going up and we'll have costs going down.
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ํฌ์ง‘ ํšจ์œจ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Now, how does it work?
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:13
In the case of Orca,
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์˜ค๋ฅด์นด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
02:14
we have fans mounted to the CO2 collectors that draw air through them.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘๊ธฐ์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ํŒฌ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:19
Inside there is a filter material that we call sorbent,
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์•ˆ์ชฝ์— ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์—ฌ๊ณผ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
a highly porous material.
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02:25
And as the air pulls through it,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋นจ๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
02:27
the CO2 is bound at the surface of this material.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ณผ ์žฅ์น˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Think of it as a sponge that sucks up water in its pores.
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์ŠคํŽ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
02:35
We do that for a certain time until the material is filled with used CO2,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ํฌํ™”๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
it is saturated.
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02:40
And we close the modules,
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ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ํก์ž…๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์•ฝ ์„ญ์”จ 100๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•ด์„œ
02:42
we heat them up to around 100 degrees Celsius,
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02:45
and we can extract concentrated CO2 from them.
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๋†์ถ•๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
The good thing is that the main energy input
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
that we need for that process is low temperature heat
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์„ญ์”จ 100๋„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:54
at around 100 degrees Celsius.
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02:57
And it can entirely be powered by renewable energy.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Now that looks quite easy at first glance, right?
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฐธ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
03:06
And indeed, the process behind that is quite simple.
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๋„ค, ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
However, when it comes to implementing that into reality
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
03:14
in the field out there
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03:15
with the purpose of having a plant that is constantly operating,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ฃผ 7์ผ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:18
24/7, reliably,
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03:21
then it becomes quite challenging.
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Let me give you two examples why it is a challenge
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
to capture and remove CO2 from the air.
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03:29
First of all,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
there is not a lot of CO2 in the air.
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03:33
We're currently at around 420 ppm.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 420 ppm ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
That means one molecule out of 2,500 molecules in the air around us
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž 2,500๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
is CO2.
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03:43
That's not a lot.
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๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
03:45
And that means to extract only one ton of CO2 from the air,
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์ฆ‰, ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‹จ 1ํ†ค์„ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:49
we need to filter around two million cubic meters of air.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
That's about 800 Olympic swimming pools.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์•ฝ 800๊ฐœ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:56
And there's another way of picturing that, which I personally find quite puzzling.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋„ ์ข€ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Imagine one of these filters
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์—ฌ๊ณผ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํก์ž…๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ์„ธ๋กœ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ผ ๋–„
04:02
with an inlet area of one meter by one meter.
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04:05
And the amount of air,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:07
like, think of it as a block of air
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04:08
that you have to push through that filter inlet
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‹จ 1ํ†ค์„ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธธ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์€
04:12
to take just one ton of CO2 out of the air,
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04:15
is 2,000 kilometers long.
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๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ ค 2์ฒœ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
Another example why this is a challenge
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ์€
04:22
is that it is not so easy to find good,
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์ตœ์ ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
actually, the best sorbent materials,
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04:28
which are both high-performing
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ํฌ์ง‘ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
04:30
and which can prevail outside there in the field with a long life.
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์ž์—ฐ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์ž˜ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ข‹์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Now, in this next picture, you see Christoph and myself,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํด๋ผ์ž„์›์Šค์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ธ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ”„์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€
04:38
cofounders of Climeworks,
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04:39
in the very early days of Climeworks, working on that.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
04:42
The very first sorbents, we produced them with our own hands,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:46
such as you would do your laundry if you didn't have a washing machine.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์†๋นจ๋ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:49
We set some sorbents on fire,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๋Š” ํƒœ์›Œ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:51
and we produced hundreds of samples in the past 10 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Looking forward,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
thousands of more will come, very likely.
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05:01
Now, this is one way of doing it.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ณ 
05:04
We are doing that in our company, but many others are doing it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
There are companies out there, start-ups,
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์‹ ๊ทœ ์—…์ฒด๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฒฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:09
more established companies and researchers and scientists.
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05:13
And that is a good thing
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
because the challenge ahead of us is immense.
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05:17
Now let's step back and look at the big picture.
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์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์„œ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:21
So where does this kind of technology fit into our overall fight
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:25
against climate change?
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05:27
And it's important that first and foremost,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:29
the most important thing we need to do is, and will always stay,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
05:33
the drastic reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases.
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์˜จ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:38
Without that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
05:39
we will have no chance of ever meeting any of our climate goals.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Then in a second step,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
05:44
it will be important that we can all ramp up the capacity
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ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
of extracting and removing CO2 from the atmosphere.
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05:53
Now, when thinking about the latter, so far I've spoken about technology,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ๋ฐ
05:56
but we shouldn't forget that also, nature offers several solutions
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ ์ˆฒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ด
06:00
to extract carbon from the air,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
such as forests and oceans.
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06:04
And one element that is very important
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:06
will be doubling down on these methods offered by nature,
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์ž์—ฐ์— ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
06:10
enhancing them and protecting them.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
That is important.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด์ฃ .
06:14
However, will it be sufficient to rely only on nature-based carbon sinks?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘์„ ์ž์—ฐ์—๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•ด๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Very likely not.
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06:21
Trees need time to grow and forests need space,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆฒ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:25
and there is simply just not enough area available
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
to plant entire continents of new forests,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ํ†ค์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„
06:31
which we would need
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:33
in order to capture many billions of tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.
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06:38
And therefore,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์— ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋”ํ•ด
06:39
besides preserving all these nature-based solutions and enhancing them,
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06:42
it will be very important to scale up technology-based solutions
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ
06:47
for large-scale carbon removal from the atmosphere.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Now, I often get asked if you build direct air capture plants
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํฌ์ง‘ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค์—ผํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”.
06:55
like the one we saw before,
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06:57
is that a license to continue polluting?
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07:00
It is clearly not.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
07:01
Direct air capture is not a silver bullet, but it is a must-have.
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํฌ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌ˜์ฑ…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Had we stopped emitting 20, 30 years ago,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 20, 30๋…„ ์ „์—
07:09
or at least substantially reduced our emissions,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:12
Climeworks and this whole emerging industry around us
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ํด๋ผ์ž„์›์Šค๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์€
07:15
would likely not be here today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
And for the climate,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:18
that would probably be the better solution.
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07:21
However, that's not where we are today.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Today, the IPCC has indicated in their last report
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:27
that technology-based solutions to remove carbon from the air
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด
07:31
are a necessity,
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ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‹œํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:33
and they included it [in] their models.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์—๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
And that is why this entire industry that is currently emerging
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ ์ƒ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€
07:42
now needs to double down on moving from small-scale and relatively expensive
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
to larger-scale and cheap.
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07:49
Double down on developing, deploying,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
07:52
learning and adjusting in the field.
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ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
We have to develop markets,
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์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
we have to develop policy.
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07:59
And we have to develop mechanisms
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
08:02
to analyze the CO2 capture
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
and other technical ways of removing CO2
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08:09
that take care of the fact
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
08:11
that by taking CO2 out of the air with machines
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋•… ์†์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ
08:14
and putting it down in the ground
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08:15
we have one of the most permanent ways of storing the CO2 away
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋•… ์†์— ๋ฌป์–ด ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:20
for millions of years.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Now letโ€™s get back one step,
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์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ
08:25
and letโ€™s get back to today where we are.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:27
And letโ€™s get back to the present, to what is concrete.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด์ฃ .
08:30
Let's get back to Iceland and our Orca plant.
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅด์นด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:33
I've told you before how these collectors extract CO2 from the air.
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์ด ํก์ž…๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
08:37
Now, how do we make sure that it really permanently stays locked away?
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ตฌํžˆ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:41
For that reason, in Iceland,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ
08:43
we have partnered up with a company Carbfix
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์นด๋ธŒํ”ฝ์Šค์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
08:46
and have developed a method
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์˜๊ตฌํžˆ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
for permanent carbon storage through mineralization.
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08:52
What they do is they take the CO2, mix it with water,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์„ž์€ ๋‹ค์Œ
08:55
and inject it into underground volcanic, so-called basalt rock formations.
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ํ˜„๋ฌด์•” ํ˜•์„ฑ์ธต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ํ™”์‚ฐ์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:00
That is one of the most abundant stone or stone material that you find on Earth.
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ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์•”์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And by doing so,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์•”์„๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘๋ฌผํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
09:07
the CO2 binds with the rock, it mineralizes,
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09:09
and it literally turns into stone within two years,
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2๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ
09:13
hundreds of meters underground.
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๋•…์† ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ €์žฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
The good thing about that method is that it is very tangible,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
09:18
and it's very easy to understand.
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09:20
And for that purpose, I've brought this rock sample here for you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์•”์„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
That is taken actually from a drill core
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฝ”์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ
09:28
of a basalt rock formation hundreds of meters underground.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋•…์†์˜ ํ˜„๋ฌด์•” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
And what you can see here, that's a black rock,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ์•”์„์ด
09:34
which is the black basalt rock, containing some white crystals.
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ํ‘์ƒ‰ ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ชฝ์— ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And these crystals are CO2 turned into stone underground
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์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
and locked away.
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09:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:48
Now I explained to you one method of doing this.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช… ๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:52
There are several other methods out there.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
There are several other techniques, other technologies.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:57
But the important thing about it is that this thing is out there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
It's in practice, it's operating, and we are learning from it.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
And that is so essential for this new industry.
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ฃ .
10:05
And we have learned a lot, actually.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
We have learned how to operate on hot, dry summer days.
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๋ฅ๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‚ ์”จ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
10:12
We learned to operate them in pouring rain.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ํผ๋ถ€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:15
And we even had to learn how to operate them on a just normal day.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:19
We had to learn how to ramp up the Orca plant
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ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ ๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ ์งํ›„์—
10:22
immediately after an Icelandic snowstorm.
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์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And this all is what we need
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€
10:28
in order to deploy these plants all over the world.
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
We should deploy them all over the world
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:35
because we do need so many of them.
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10:37
We can deploy them all over the world because the air is everywhere around us
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:42
and the CO2 is almost the same concentration
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—๋“  ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
everywhere where we are.
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10:48
So it doesn't matter where we capture the CO2.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And for that reason,
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ
10:52
and in the spirit of deploying more,
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10:54
in June of this year
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์˜ฌํ•ด 6์›”, ํด๋ผ์ž„์›์Šค์‚ฌ๋Š”
10:55
we have announced the next step on our Climeworks scale-up road map,
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ํ™•์žฅ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
which is named Mammoth, and that is what you see here.
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๋งค๋จธ๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
That is a plant which is nine times larger than the Orca plant,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅด์นด์˜ ์•„ํ™‰ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๊ณ 
11:06
that will be in Iceland as well.
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์—ญ์‹œ ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์— ์„ธ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And the first tons of CO2 will be captured by the end of 2023.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘์€ 2023๋…„ ๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
This winter, we will finalize the first building before the snow starts.
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์˜ฌ ๊ฒจ์šธ, ์ฒซ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฒซ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์™„๊ณตํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Now there is a big challenge ahead of us.
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์ด์ œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
And actually, you can only really understand what this challenge is
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์ด ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค๋ฉด
11:27
and really quantify it
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11:28
if you build these things out there,
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ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋‹ค ์ง“๊ณ 
11:31
make mistakes and learn from them.
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๊ฐ€๋™ํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
So it's a hard problem.
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
11:35
It's not a simple problem to solve,
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๋ฌธ์ œ ์ž์ฒด๋„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ํ•ด๋ฒ•๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
and there is no easy solution to it.
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11:39
And without action like this, there is no solution at all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:43
And so when I started looking back at the last 15 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด ์˜จ ์ผ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:47
what we have been doing,
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11:48
I'm now looking forward to the next 15 years that are to come
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ 15๋…„๋„ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
because that is what we need.
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์ง„์ • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Thank you.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:55
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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