Equality, sports, and Title IX - Erin Buzuvis and Kristine Newhall

平等、运动和《第九号条款》- Erin Buzuvis 与 Kristine Newhall

翻译人员: Ning Zhang 校对人员: Binglei Shea

Today lots of girls play sports.

今天，有许多女孩子从事体育活动。

But, for a long time, girls were not encouraged

但在过去很长的时间里，女孩子是不被鼓励

to kick,

像男孩子一样踢，

throw,

投，

run,

jump,

跑，

跳，

shoot,

射击，

slide,

or hit like boys.

滑，

打。

So, why did things change?

那么，为什么情况发生变化了？

And how much have they changed?

变化有多大？

Are girls and boys treated equally

在运动中，女孩子和男孩子

when it comes to sports?

是被平等的对待吗？

To begin to answer these questions,

为了找到这些问题的答案，

we have to look back.

我们需要先回顾过去。

In 1972, Congress passed a law called Title IX,

在1972年，美国国会通过了一项名为《第九号条款》（Title IX）的法案，

which protected girls and women

该法案保护女孩子和妇女

from discrimination in schools,

在学校，

colleges,

学院，

and universities.

和大学中免受歧视。

This included discrimination in school-sponsored sports.

这包括在学校举办的体育活动中所遭受的歧视。

At that time, only 15% of college athletes were women,

那时，仅有15%的大学运动员是女性

and in high schools,

在高中，

only 7% of athletes were girls.

仅有7%的运动员是女孩子。

Female athletes didn't get a lot of support either

女性运动员也得不到大量的支持，

and often had to provide their own uniforms and equipment.

她们经常不得不自己准备制服和设备。

It was Title IX that forced school administrators

正是《第九号条款》强制学校的管理者们

to make sports more equal.

使得体育活动更平等。

But what does equal mean in sports?

但是，在体育活动中平等意味着什么？

The government developed rules

政府制订了规则

to measure equality under two general categories:

在两个常规类别中衡量平等的程度：

participation

参与

and treatment.

和待遇。

In the early days of Title IX,

在《第九号条款》实施的初期，

the number of girls playing sports was so low

参与体育活动的女孩子人数非常少

that it would have been very difficult

使得学校很难在短时间内

for schools to suddenly provide exactly the same number

为女孩子和男孩子

of opportunities for girls and boys.

提供完全相等的机会。

Instead, the government wrote rules

于是，政府在规则中为学校

that gave schools three options, or tests,

制订了三种选择方案，或者说是评测，

to demonstrate fairness in opportunities for girls.

用以显示女孩子们是否获得平等的机会。

The three tests are

这三个评测是

proportionality,

比例，

progress,

进度，

and satisfied interests.

和满意度。

A school can pick which test to follow.

学校可以选择所要遵循的评测方式。

Proportionality means that girls should receive

比例意味着女孩子们得到的

the same percentage of athletic opportunities

体育活动的机会

as the percentage of girls in the student body.

应该和在校女生的比例相同。

So, if 51% of students are girls,

所以，如果51%的学生是女孩子，

then girls should have approximately

那么，应该有大约

51%的女孩子参与体育活动。

51% of the opportunities to play sports.

The second test, progress,

第二种评测方式是，进展，

requires schools to make up for the days

要求学校

when girls had fewer opportunities

要在常规的基础上为女孩子增加新的体育活动

by adding new sports for girls on a regular basis.

来弥补女孩子获得较少机会的情况。

The third test asks if girls interested

第三种评测方式是，询问女孩子

in athletics are satisfied.

是否对体育活动感到满意。

Under this test, a school must regularly ask

在这个评测之下，学校必须定期询问女学生们

female students what sports they are interested in

什么是她们感兴趣的活动

and also take into consideration the popularity

并且还得考虑哪些体育活动

of certain sports in the area

在学校所在区域

where the school is located.

更受欢迎。

It must, then, add teams according to the girls' interests.

随后，学校必须根据女孩子们的兴趣组建团队。

Another important part of Title IX

《第九号条款》的另一个重要部分是

is that it doesn't just look at how many

它不只是评测

athletic opportunities are available to each sex

每一个性别获得体育活动机会的数量

but whether those opportunities are of equal quality.

也要衡量这些机会是否具有相等的质量。

Specifically, Title IX requires equality

具体而言，《第九号条款》要求

between boys and girls teams for things

男孩子和女孩子团队之间的平等

like equipment and supplies,

比如运动设备和用品，

publicity,

宣传，

the scheduling of games and practice times,

游戏规划和练习的时间，

以及教练的品质和数量方面的平等。

and the quality and number of coaches.

Girls should also have equal access

女孩子也应该在

to locker rooms,

储物柜的使用，

practice spaces, and competitive facilities,

练习场地，和竞争设备，

as well as medical services.

以及医疗服务方面获得平等的使用权。

So, if the best time to play basketball is on Friday nights

所以，如果周五晚上是打篮球的最佳时间

because that's when most parents and fans can come,

因为那时大部分家长和球迷们能来观看，

then the girls and boys teams

那么女孩子和男孩子的团队

should take turns playing on Friday night.

应该在周五晚上轮流打球。

If boys teams play in a stadium with lights,

如果男孩子的团队在体育馆里打球时，有灯光

scoreboards,

有计分牌，

and concession stands,

有食品摊位，

then girls teams must have the same opportunity,

那么女孩子的团队也必须有这些相同的机会，

either by sharing those facilities

要么和男孩子分享那些设施

or getting their own of equal quality.

要么她们能得到相同质量的设施。

But, as we all know,

但是，众所周知，

just because a law exists

仅仅因为一项法律的存在

doesn't mean that everybody follows it.

并不意味着每个人都会遵守。

School officials are responsible

校方管理者有义务

确保体育运动上的公平，

for making sure there is fairness in sports,

but you can help, too,

但是你也可以帮忙，

by keeping an eye on your own school.

监督你的学校。

Look around.

四处看看。

Are there a lot more boys than girls who play sports?

在那些参与体育活动的人群中，男孩子数量比女孩子多很多？

Is the boys' soccer field better than the girls'?

男孩子的足球场要比女孩子的好？

Are athletic trainers available to all teams equally?

所有团队都有平等的机会获得运动训练员的指导吗？

Does the baseball team get new uniforms every year,

棒球队每年都可以得到新制服，

while the softball team gets them every three years?

而垒球队每三年才会得到？

If you think there might be inequality in your schools,

如果你认为你的学校有可能存在不公平现象，

you can approach a school administrator,

你可以联络学校的管理者，

a parent,

父母，

or the Office of Civil Rights,

或公民权利办公室（Office of Civil Rights），

a government agency that makes sure schools

这是一个旨在确保学校遵守

comply with Title IX

《第九号条款》的政府机构。

because equality is important for everyone,

因为平等对每个人来说，

both on the field and off.

无论是在场上还是在场下，都是重要的。