What if cracks in concrete could fix themselves? - Congrui Jin

1,450,837 views ・ 2018-10-16

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: GAAE GANG κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:07
Concrete is the most widely used
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μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 널리 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 건섀 μž¬λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:08
construction material in the world.
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00:10
It can be found in swathes of city pavements,
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λ„μ‹œμ˜ λ„λ‘œ 포μž₯에도 쓰이고
00:13
bridges that span vast rivers,
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넓은 강을 κ±΄λ„ˆλŠ” λ‹€λ¦¬λ‚˜
00:15
and the tallest skyscrapers on earth.
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지ꡬ상 κ°€μž₯ 높은 κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œλ„ λ³Ό 수 있죠.
00:18
But this sturdy substance
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 κ²¬κ³ ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ ν•œ 가지 단점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
does have a weakness:
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00:21
it’s prone to catastrophic cracking
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균열이 λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μ›Œμ„œ
00:22
that costs tens of billions of dollars
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이λ₯Ό λ³΄μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” 데만 맀년 μˆ˜λ°±μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“ λ‹€λŠ” 점이죠.
00:24
to repair each year.
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00:26
But what if we could avoid that problem,
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이 문제λ₯Ό ν”Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:28
by creating concrete that heals itself?
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균열을 슀슀둜 μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ” 콘크리트λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”?
00:31
This idea isn’t as far-fetched
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이 아이디어가 그리 ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
as it may seem.
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00:33
It boils down to an understanding
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이 문제의 핡심은 μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ 
00:35
of how concrete forms,
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00:37
and how to exploit that process
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ν˜•μ„± 과정을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ μ›ν•˜λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” 데에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
to our benefit.
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00:40
Concrete is a combination of coarse stone
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μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈμ—λŠ” 거친 돌과 λͺ¨λž˜ μž…μžκ°€ λ°°ν•©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
and sand particles, called aggregates,
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골재라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것듀이죠.
00:45
that mix with cement, a powdered blend
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점토와 μ„νšŒμ„ 뢄말이 ν˜Όν•©λœ μ‹œλ©˜νŠΈλ₯Ό κ·Έ κ³¨μž¬μ™€ μ„žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
of clay and limestone.
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00:49
When water gets added to this mix,
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이 ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ— 물을 μ²¨κ°€ν•˜λ©΄
00:51
the cement forms a paste and
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μ‹œλ©˜νŠΈλŠ” 반죽 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ λ˜μ–΄ 골재 ν‘œλ©΄μ„ κ°μ‹Έκ²Œ 되고
00:52
coats the aggregates, quickly hardening
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μˆ˜ν™”λ°˜μ‘μ΄λΌλŠ” ν™”ν•™ λ°˜μ‘μ„ 톡해 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ κ΅³μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
through a chemical reaction
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00:56
called hydration.
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00:58
Eventually, the resulting material
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μ΅œμ’… μž¬λ£ŒλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ°•ν•΄μ„œ
00:59
grows strong enough to prop up buildings
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ν•˜λŠ˜λ‘œ 수백m에 λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 건물을 지탱할 수 μžˆμ„ 정도가 되죠.
01:02
that climb hundreds of meters
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01:03
into the sky.
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01:05
While people have been using
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ œμ‘°λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œλ©˜νŠΈλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
a variety of recipes to produce cement
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01:08
for over 4,000 years,
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κ·Έ 역사가 4,000년이 λ„˜μ£ .
01:10
concrete itself
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μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ™Έλ‘œ 짧은 수λͺ…을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
has a surprisingly short lifespan.
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01:13
After 20 to 30 years,
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20μ—μ„œ 30년이 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄
01:15
natural processes like concrete shrinkage,
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콘크리트의 μˆ˜μΆ•, 동결 μœ΅ν•΄ 같은 μžμ—°μ μΈ κ±°λ™μ΄λ‚˜
01:18
excessive freezing and thawing,
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01:20
and heavy loads can trigger cracking.
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무거운 ν•˜μ€‘ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 균열이 생기기 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
And it’s not just big breaks that count:
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λˆˆμ— λ„λŠ” 큰 κ· μ—΄λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:25
tiny cracks can be just as dangerous.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 균열도 그만큼 μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ£ .
01:28
Concrete is often used
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 철근을 κ°μ‹ΈλŠ” 2μ°¨ λΆ€μž¬λ‘œμ„œ μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈκ°€ ν™œμš©λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
as a secondary support
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01:31
around steel reinforcements.
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01:33
In this concrete, even small cracks
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이 경우, μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈμ— 생긴 μž‘μ€ 균열이
01:35
can channel water, oxygen,
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λ¬Ό, μ‚°μ†Œ, μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ 운반 ν†΅λ‘œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
and carbon dioxide that corrode the steel
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그것이 철근을 λΆ€μ‹μ‹œν‚€λ©΄ μ²˜μ°Έν•œ λΆ•κ΄΄λ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ 되죠.
01:40
and lead to disastrous collapse.
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01:43
On structures like bridges and highways
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 늘 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 닀리와 κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œ 같은 κ΅¬μ‘°λ¬Όμ—μ„œ
01:45
that are constantly in use,
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01:46
detecting these problems
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μž¬μ•™μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 κ· μ—΄ 문제λ₯Ό κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것은
01:48
before they lead to catastrophe
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01:50
becomes a huge and costly challenge.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“œλŠ” κ³Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
But not doing so
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μœ„ν—˜μ— λΉ μ§€κ²Œ 되죠.
01:53
would also endanger thousands of lives.
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01:56
Fortunately, we’re already experimenting
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
01:59
with ways this material
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이 μž¬λ£Œκ°€ 균열을 슀슀둜 κ³ μΉ˜λŠ” 방법을 μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
could start fixing itself.
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02:02
And some of these solutions
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그리고 콘크리트 고유의 μžκ°€ 치유 λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ—μ„œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ 해결책을 μ–»μ—ˆμ£ .
02:03
are inspired by concrete’s
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02:04
natural self-healing mechanism.
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02:06
When water enters these tiny cracks,
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μž‘μ€ 균열을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 물이 ν˜λŸ¬λ“€μ–΄κ°€λ©΄
02:09
it hydrates the concrete’s calcium oxide.
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콘크리트의 μ‚°ν™”μΉΌμŠ˜κ³Ό μˆ˜ν™” λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
The resulting calcium hydroxide
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κ·Έ 결과둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μˆ˜μ‚°ν™”μΉΌμŠ˜μ€ 곡기 μ€‘μ˜ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ™€ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬
02:13
reacts with carbon dioxide in the air,
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02:16
starting a process called
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μžκ°€ 치유라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 과정을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
autogenous healing, where
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02:19
microscopic calcium carbonate crystals
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λ―Έμ„Έν•œ νƒ„μ‚°μΉΌμŠ˜ 결정체가 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μ„œμ„œνžˆ ν‹ˆμƒˆλ₯Ό λ©”μš°λŠ” 것이죠.
02:21
form and gradually fill the gap.
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02:24
Unfortunately, these crystals
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μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ 이 κ²°μ •μ²΄λŠ” 기껏해야
02:26
can only do so much, healing cracks
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02:28
that are less than 0.3mm wide.
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0.3mm보닀 μž‘μ€ 폭의 κ· μ—΄λ§Œ 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Material scientists have figured out how
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μž¬λ£Œν•™μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έ 2λ°° 크기의 균열을 μΉ˜μœ ν•  방법을 μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
to heal cracks up to twice that size by
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02:35
adding hidden glue into the concrete mix.
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콘크리트 ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ— μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:38
If we put adhesive-filled fibers
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μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό μ±„μš΄ μ„¬μœ μ™€ 튜브λ₯Ό ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ— μ„žμ–΄ 넣어두면
02:40
and tubes into the mixture,
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02:41
they’ll snap open when a crack forms,
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균열이 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 그것이 μ—΄λ¦¬κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:44
releasing their sticky contents
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λˆμ ν•œ λ‚΄μš©λ¬Όμ΄ ν˜λŸ¬λ‚˜μ™€ ν‹ˆμ„ λ©”μš°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
and sealing the gap.
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02:47
But adhesive chemicals often behave
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ ‘μ°©λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” 화학물은 μ’…μ’… μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈμ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 거동을 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
very differently from concrete,
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02:50
and over time, these adhesives
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그리고 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄ 이 μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” λ”μš± μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 균열을 λΆˆλŸ¬μ˜€κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
02:52
can lead to even worse cracks.
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02:55
So perhaps the best way to heal
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 큰 균열을 μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은
02:56
large cracks is to give concrete
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μ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈμ—κ²Œ μΉ˜μœ μ— 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 방법일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
the tools to help itself.
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03:01
Scientists have discovered that
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ κ³°νŒ‘μ΄κ°€ λ¬΄κΈ°μ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
some bacteria and fungi
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03:03
can produce minerals,
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03:05
including the calcium carbonate
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κ·Έ λΆ€μ‚°λ¬Όμ—λŠ” μžμ—° 치유 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” νƒ„μ‚°μΉΌμŠ˜λ„ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
03:07
found in autogenous healing.
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03:09
Experimental blends of concrete
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μ‹€ν—˜μ μΈ 콘크리트 ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ—
03:11
include these bacterial or fungal spores
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κ·Έ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ λ˜λŠ” 곰팑이 포자λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ³ 
03:13
alongside nutrients in their concrete mix,
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μ˜μ–‘μ†Œλ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ„žμ–΄ 두면 수백 λ…„κ°„ 휴면 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
where they could lie dormant
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03:17
for hundreds of years.
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03:18
When cracks finally appear
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 균열이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ„œ 콘크리트둜 물이 μŠ€λ©°λ“€λ©΄
03:20
and water trickles into the concrete,
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03:22
the spores germinate, grow, and consume
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ν¬μžλŠ” 싹을 ν‹”μ›Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μ£Όμœ„μ˜ μ˜μ–‘μ†Œλ₯Ό μ†Œλͺ¨ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:25
the nutrient soup that surrounds them,
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03:27
modifying their local environment
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ£Όμœ„ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄
03:29
to create the perfect conditions
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νƒ„μ‚°μΉΌμŠ˜μ„ μƒμ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 쑰건을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
for calcium carbonate to grow.
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03:33
These crystals gradually fill the gaps,
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이 결정체듀이 μ„œμ„œνžˆ 균열을 λ©”μš°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
03:35
and after roughly three weeks,
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μ•½ 3μ£Όκ°€ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄
03:36
the hard-working microbes
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λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ λ…Έλ ₯으둜 μ΅œλŒ€ 1mm의 균열이 μ™„μ „νžˆ 볡ꡬ되죠.
03:38
can completely repair cracks
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03:39
up to almost 1mm wide.
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03:42
When the cracks seal,
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일단 균열이 λ©”μ›Œμ§€λ©΄
03:43
the bacteria or fungi will make spores
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‚˜ κ³°νŒ‘μ΄κ°€ λ§Œλ“  ν¬μžλŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ νœ΄λ©΄κΈ°μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€κ²Œ 되고
03:46
and go dormant once moreβ€”
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03:47
ready to start a new cycle of self-healing
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μžκ°€ 치유λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μˆœν™˜μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
when cracks form again.
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균열이 λ‹€μ‹œ 생길 λ•Œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 말이죠.
03:51
Although this technique
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬ가 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:52
has been studied extensively,
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03:54
we still have a ways to go
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 콘크리트 생산에 μ μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” 아직 갈 길이 많이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
before incorporating it
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03:56
in the global production of concrete.
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03:58
But, these spores have huge potential
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 ν¬μžκ°€ 가진 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 잠재λ ₯은
04:01
to make concrete
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콘크리트λ₯Ό λ”μš± 회볡λ ₯ 있고 였래 κ²¬λ”œ 수 있게 ν•΄μ£Όκ³ 
04:02
more resilient and long-lastingβ€”
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04:04
which could drastically reduce
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콘크리트 μƒμ‚°μ˜ 경제적, ν™˜κ²½μ  λΉ„μš©μ„ κ³Όκ°ν•˜κ²Œ μ€„μ΄κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
the financial and environmental cost
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04:08
of concrete production.
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1320
04:10
Eventually, these microorganisms
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κ²°κ΅­ 이 미생물은
04:12
may force us to reconsider
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우리둜 ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ λ„μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 관점을 바꾸도둝 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
04:14
the way we think about our cities,
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1940
04:16
bringing our inanimate concrete jungles
129
256123
2010
μƒκΈ°μ—†λŠ” 콘크리트 정글을 우리 μ‚ΆμœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ 쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
to life.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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