What if cracks in concrete could fix themselves? - Congrui Jin

1,465,832 views ใƒป 2018-10-16

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: GAAE GANG ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:07
Concrete is the most widely used
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
construction material in the world.
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00:10
It can be found in swathes of city pavements,
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋„๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ์—๋„ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ 
00:13
bridges that span vast rivers,
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๋„“์€ ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜
00:15
and the tallest skyscrapers on earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:18
But this sturdy substance
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
does have a weakness:
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00:21
itโ€™s prone to catastrophic cracking
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๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์„œ
00:22
that costs tens of billions of dollars
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋งŒ ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
00:24
to repair each year.
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00:26
But what if we could avoid that problem,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
00:28
by creating concrete that heals itself?
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๊ท ์—ด์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์น˜์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
00:31
This idea isnโ€™t as far-fetched
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
as it may seem.
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00:33
It boils down to an understanding
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
00:35
of how concrete forms,
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00:37
and how to exploit that process
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ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
to our benefit.
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00:40
Concrete is a combination of coarse stone
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
and sand particles, called aggregates,
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๊ณจ์žฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
00:45
that mix with cement, a powdered blend
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์ ํ† ์™€ ์„ํšŒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ง์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ๊ณจ์žฌ์™€ ์„ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
of clay and limestone.
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00:49
When water gets added to this mix,
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์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:51
the cement forms a paste and
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๊ณจ์žฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
00:52
coats the aggregates, quickly hardening
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์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตณ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
through a chemical reaction
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00:56
called hydration.
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00:58
Eventually, the resulting material
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ตœ์ข… ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ
00:59
grows strong enough to prop up buildings
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ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑm์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:02
that climb hundreds of meters
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01:03
into the sky.
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01:05
While people have been using
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์กฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
a variety of recipes to produce cement
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01:08
for over 4,000 years,
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๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 4,000๋…„์ด ๋„˜์ฃ .
01:10
concrete itself
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์™ธ๋กœ ์งง์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
has a surprisingly short lifespan.
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01:13
After 20 to 30 years,
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20์—์„œ 30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:15
natural processes like concrete shrinkage,
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•, ๋™๊ฒฐ ์œตํ•ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด๋‚˜
01:18
excessive freezing and thawing,
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01:20
and heavy loads can trigger cracking.
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๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And itโ€™s not just big breaks that count:
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ํฐ ๊ท ์—ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:25
tiny cracks can be just as dangerous.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ท ์—ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:28
Concrete is often used
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
as a secondary support
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01:31
around steel reinforcements.
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01:33
In this concrete, even small cracks
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์ž‘์€ ๊ท ์—ด์ด
01:35
can channel water, oxygen,
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๋ฌผ, ์‚ฐ์†Œ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
and carbon dioxide that corrode the steel
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ๋ถ€์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์ฐธํ•œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:40
and lead to disastrous collapse.
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01:43
On structures like bridges and highways
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ
01:45
that are constantly in use,
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01:46
detecting these problems
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์žฌ์•™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:48
before they lead to catastrophe
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01:50
becomes a huge and costly challenge.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
But not doing so
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:53
would also endanger thousands of lives.
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01:56
Fortunately, weโ€™re already experimenting
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
01:59
with ways this material
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์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
could start fixing itself.
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02:02
And some of these solutions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์น˜์œ  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:03
are inspired by concreteโ€™s
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02:04
natural self-healing mechanism.
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02:06
When water enters these tiny cracks,
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์ž‘์€ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
02:09
it hydrates the concreteโ€™s calcium oxide.
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
The resulting calcium hydroxide
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:13
reacts with carbon dioxide in the air,
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02:16
starting a process called
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์ž๊ฐ€ ์น˜์œ ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
autogenous healing, where
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02:19
microscopic calcium carbonate crystals
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๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:21
form and gradually fill the gap.
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02:24
Unfortunately, these crystals
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ
02:26
can only do so much, healing cracks
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02:28
that are less than 0.3mm wide.
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0.3mm๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ํญ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด๋งŒ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Material scientists have figured out how
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์žฌ๋ฃŒํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ 2๋ฐฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์น˜์œ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
to heal cracks up to twice that size by
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02:35
adding hidden glue into the concrete mix.
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:38
If we put adhesive-filled fibers
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์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šด ์„ฌ์œ ์™€ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ์„ž์–ด ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๋ฉด
02:40
and tubes into the mixture,
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02:41
theyโ€™ll snap open when a crack forms,
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๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:44
releasing their sticky contents
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๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์™€ ํ‹ˆ์„ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
and sealing the gap.
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02:47
But adhesive chemicals often behave
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
very differently from concrete,
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02:50
and over time, these adhesives
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:52
can lead to even worse cracks.
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02:55
So perhaps the best way to heal
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํฐ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์น˜์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
02:56
large cracks is to give concrete
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜์œ ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
the tools to help itself.
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03:01
Scientists have discovered that
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
some bacteria and fungi
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03:03
can produce minerals,
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03:05
including the calcium carbonate
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์น˜์œ  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ„์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:07
found in autogenous healing.
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03:09
Experimental blends of concrete
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์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์—
03:11
include these bacterial or fungal spores
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ํฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:13
alongside nutrients in their concrete mix,
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์˜์–‘์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์–ด ๋‘๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํœด๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
where they could lie dormant
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03:17
for hundreds of years.
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03:18
When cracks finally appear
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์ด ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๋ฉด
03:20
and water trickles into the concrete,
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03:22
the spores germinate, grow, and consume
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ํฌ์ž๋Š” ์‹น์„ ํ‹”์›Œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ์˜์–‘์†Œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:25
the nutrient soup that surrounds them,
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03:27
modifying their local environment
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์œ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
03:29
to create the perfect conditions
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ํƒ„์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
for calcium carbonate to grow.
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03:33
These crystals gradually fill the gaps,
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์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:35
and after roughly three weeks,
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์•ฝ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
03:36
the hard-working microbes
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 1mm์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋˜์ฃ .
03:38
can completely repair cracks
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03:39
up to almost 1mm wide.
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03:42
When the cracks seal,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฉ”์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด
03:43
the bacteria or fungi will make spores
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํฌ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํœด๋ฉด๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
03:46
and go dormant once moreโ€”
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03:47
ready to start a new cycle of self-healing
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์ž๊ฐ€ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
when cracks form again.
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๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:51
Although this technique
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:52
has been studied extensively,
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03:54
we still have a ways to go
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
before incorporating it
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03:56
in the global production of concrete.
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03:58
But, these spores have huge potential
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ํฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์€
04:01
to make concrete
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
04:02
more resilient and long-lastingโ€”
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04:04
which could drastically reduce
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
the financial and environmental cost
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04:08
of concrete production.
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04:10
Eventually, these microorganisms
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€
04:12
may force us to reconsider
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
04:14
the way we think about our cities,
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04:16
bringing our inanimate concrete jungles
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์ƒ๊ธฐ์—†๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ •๊ธ€์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
to life.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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