This sea creature breathes through its butt - Cella Wright

430,650 views ใƒป 2020-04-30

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Shihwan Go ๊ฒ€ํ† : YoonJu Mangione
00:06
Can you guess what youโ€™re looking at?
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๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
00:09
Is it a fuzzy sock? An overripe banana? A moldy tube of toothpaste?
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ํ„ธ ์–‘๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜? ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ํ•€ ์น˜์•ฝ?
00:16
In fact, this is the humble sea cucumber, and while it might look odd,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์ž˜ ๊ฒƒ ์—†๋Š” ํ•ด์‚ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
00:21
its daily toil paves the way for entire ecosystems to thrive.
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Sea cucumbers are members of the phylum Echinodermata,
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ๊ทนํ”ผ๋™๋ฌผ๋ฌธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
00:30
along with sea urchins, starfish and other radially symmetrical,
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์„ฑ๊ฒŒ, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์นญํ˜• ๋™๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:35
โ€œspiny-skinnedโ€ marine invertebrates.
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Some sea cucumbers have feathery tentacles flowing from their mouths,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊นƒํ„ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด‰์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:42
some are puffed like bloated balloons,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ ํ’์„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชธ์ด ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:45
and others simply look like Headless Chicken Monstersโ€”
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ '๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—†๋Š” ์น˜ํ‚จ ๋ชฌ์Šคํ„ฐ' ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:48
the actual name given to a rare deep-sea species.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ•ด ํ•ด์‚ผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ณ„์นญ์ด์ฃ .
00:52
But they are generally characterized by their long, cylindrical shape.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
A sea cucumber is essentially a brainless, fleshy form surrounding a digestive tract,
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ์ž…๊ณผ ํ•ญ๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
01:02
bookended by a mouth and an anus.
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๋‘ํˆผํ•œ ์‚ด์ด ์†Œํ™”๊ด€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Adhesive tube feet run the length of their bodies
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๋ชธ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉ์‹ ํŠœ๋ธŒํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐœ(๊ด€์กฑ)์€
01:08
and allow them to scoot along the seafloor.
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ํ•ด์ €๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์งˆ์ฃผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Specialized tube feet can be used for feeding and respiration,
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ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ™”๋œ ๊ด€์กฑ์€ ๋จน๊ณ  ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
though many sea cucumbers actually breathe through their anuses.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด์‚ผ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
01:20
Rhythmically contracting and relaxing their muscles,
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๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ด์™„์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
01:23
they draw water in and out over an internal lung-like structure
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•ด์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:27
called a respiratory tree that extracts oxygen from seawater.
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01:32
Certain species of crabs and pearlfish
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ํŠน์ • ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒŒ์™€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
01:34
take advantage of this rhythmic action and,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œจ๋™์ ์ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
01:37
once the sea cucumberโ€™s anus is dilated, they shimmy in and take shelter.
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ฌธ์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชธ์„ ๋‹ด๊ทธ๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
The rear end of a single sea cucumber can harbor up to fifteen pearlfish at a time.
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ํ•ด์‚ผ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
However, it seems that not all sea cucumbers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“  ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ฐธ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง„ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
01:51
put up with this intrusive behavior.
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01:53
Some species are equipped with five teeth around their anus,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ข…์€ ํ•ญ๋ฌธ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋นจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
suggesting that they may have taken an evolutionary stand
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์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์†๋‹˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:00
against unwanted guests.
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์ง„ํ™”์  ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
But even sea cucumbers that lack anal teeth
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๋ฌธ ์ด๋นจ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•ด์‚ผ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
02:05
are outfitted with tools to defend themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
They evade threats and launch counter-attacks
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๋ณ€์ด์„ฑ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์กฐ์ง, ์ฆ‰ MCT๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:10
using their mutable collagenous tissue, or MCT.
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
This gel-like tissue contains bundles of collagen, called โ€œfibrils.โ€
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์ด ์ ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ง์—๋Š” "์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Proteins can interact with these fibrils to slide them together,
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๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋ถ™์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:23
stiffening the tissue, or apart, softening it.
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์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด์–ด ์—ฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
This versatile tissue has many advantages:
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์ด ๋‹ค์šฉ๋„ ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
it aids in efficient locomotion,
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ด๋™์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:32
enables sea cucumbers to fit into small spaces,
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:35
and allows them to reproduce asexually by splitting apart.
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์„ฑ์ƒ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
But MCTโ€™s most explosive application is employed when a predator attacks.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ๋•Œ MCT๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
By loosening the attachments of internal tissues
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๋‚ด์žฅ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ ๋А์Šจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
02:48
then quickly softening and contracting their muscles,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฐํ™”ํ•ด ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
02:50
many species are capable of shooting a wide range of organs
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๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ
02:54
out of their anuses.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
This act is called โ€œeviscerationโ€
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์ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ "๋ฐฉ์ถœ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:57
and itโ€™s a surprisingly effective defense mechanism.
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
In addition to startling and distracting predators,
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ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋”ด ๋ฐ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„
03:03
the innards of some sea cucumber species are sticky and toxic.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•ด์‚ผ ์ข…์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ์€ ๋ˆ์ ๋ˆ์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Evisceration may seem drastic,
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๋‚ด์žฅ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์€ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:10
but sea cucumbers are able to regenerate what theyโ€™ve lost to their gut reaction
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋กœ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์žฅ์„ ์žฌ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
in just a few weeksโ€™ time.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:16
Aside from the few species that have evolved to swim
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์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ณผ
03:19
and those that feed without moving,
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์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:21
many of these cumbersome creatures pass their time grazing the seabed.
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์ด ๊ฑฐ์ถ”์žฅ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Sea cucumbers are found everywhere from shallow shores
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–•์€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์ € 6,000๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์‹ฌํ•ด ํ•ด๊ตฌ์—์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:29
to abyssal trenches 6,000 meters below sea level.
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03:33
On the deep sea floor, they comprise the majority of animal biomass,
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์‹ฌํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งค์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
03:37
reaching up to 95% in some areas.
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์ผ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 95%์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
As these sausage-shaped wonders trudge along, they vacuum up sand,
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์ด ์†Œ์‹œ์ง€ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ํ„ฐ๋ฒ…ํ„ฐ๋ฒ… ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
03:46
digest the organic matter it contains, and excrete the byproduct.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์†Œํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐ์„คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
In this process, sea cucumbers clean and oxygenate the seafloor
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•ด์‚ผ์€ ํ•ด์ €๋ฉด์„ ๊นจ๋—์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
by breaking down detritus and recycling nutrients.
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์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
[ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค vs ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค]
03:58
This creates the conditions for sea grass beds and shellfish to thrive.
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ํ•ด์ดˆ์™€ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Sea cucumber excretions can also aid in coral formation
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ํ•ด์‚ผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:06
and may play a role in buffering marine environments from ocean acidification.
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์–‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์™„์ถฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
As the oceanโ€™s vacuum cleaners, they are very good at their job:
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์ง„๊ณต ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ†กํ†กํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:15
about half of the sandy seafloor
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๋ชจ๋ž˜ ํ•ด์ €์˜ ์•ฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
04:17
is thought to have passed through the digestive tract of a sea cucumber.
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ํ•ด์‚ผ์˜ ์†Œํ™”๊ด€์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
So next time youโ€™re rejoicing in the feeling of sand
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์‚ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค ๋•Œ
04:24
crunching between your toes, consider this:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:27
those very grains of sand might have, at one point or another,
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ฏค์€
04:32
been excreted by a pickle that breathes through its butt.
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ํ•ญ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์‚ผ์ด ๋ฐฐ์„คํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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