How to prevent political corruption - Stephanie Honchell Smith

491,977 views ・ 2024-04-11

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minnie Min Hee Lee κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:06
On October 23, 2015, Mcebisi Jonas, South Africa’s deputy finance minister,
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2015λ…„ 10μ›” 23일, 남아프리카 곡화ꡭ μž¬λ¬΄λΆ€ 차관인 λ―€μ„ΈλΉ„μ‹œ μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ”
00:13
faced a harrowing, yet enticing, decision.
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μ°Έν˜Ήν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ 맀λ ₯적인 결정에 μ§λ©΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
He had thought he was attending a normal business meeting
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ 사업 λ―ΈνŒ…μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ°Έμ„ν–ˆλ˜ μžλ¦¬κ°€
00:19
but ended up in the home of the powerful Gupta family,
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사싀은 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ꡽타 κ°€λ¬Έμ˜ μ €νƒμ—μ„œ
00:22
sitting with the Gupta brothers and the president, Jacob Zuma’s, son.
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꡽타 ν˜•μ œμ™€ 제이μ½₯ 주마 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ 아듀이 ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜λŠ” μžλ¦¬μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:27
Jonas was offered a promotion and $45 million.
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μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ” μŠΉμ§„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 4,500만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆλ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
In return, he would be expected to use his position
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κ·Έ λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄
00:35
to advance the Gupta’s many business interests.
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꡽타 가문이 λ§Žμ€ 사업적 이읡을 얻도둝 ν•΄λ‹¬λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:38
This included firing officials who opposed the construction
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그리고 μ‹ κ·œ λ°œμ „μ†Œ 건섀에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 곡무원을 νŒŒλ©΄μ‹œν‚€λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
of new power plants,
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00:43
which were slated to run on fuel from Gupta-owned mines.
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꡽타 μ†Œμœ μ˜ κ΄‘μ‚°μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ›λ£Œκ°€ λ°œμ „μ†Œ 가동에 쓰일 μ˜ˆμ •μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:47
The deal was simpleβ€” but would Jonas accept?
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계약 쑰건은 κ°„λ‹¨ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€κ°€ 받아듀일 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:51
This kind of corruption in politics is nothing new.
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이런 μ •μΉ˜ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” μ „ν˜€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
It plagued the ancient worldβ€”
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λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” κ³ λŒ€ μ‹œλŒ€μ—λ„ κ³¨μΉ˜μ˜€μ£ .
00:57
the β€œArthasastra,” an Indian political treatise
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기원전 3세기에 쓰여진 μΈλ„μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ λ…Όλ¬Έ β€œμ•„λ₯΄νƒ€μ‚¬μŠ€νŠΈλΌβ€ μ—λŠ”
01:00
that dates back to the 3rd century BCE,
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01:03
lists 40 types of embezzlement alone.
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횑령만 40가지 μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ λ‚˜μ—΄λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
So, what exactly is corruption, and what can we do to combat it?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λΆ€νŒ¨λž€ μ •ν™•νžˆ 무엇이며 이와 μ‹Έμš°λ €λ©΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:11
Corruption is often defined as a misuse of a position of power for personal gain.
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λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” ν”νžˆ 개인의 이읡을 μœ„ν•΄ ꢌλ ₯을 λ‚¨μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
For example, this could be a city clerk accepting bribes
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μ‹œμ²­ 직원이 λ‡Œλ¬Όμ„ λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ ν—ˆκ°€μ¦μ„ λ°œκΈ‰ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
01:20
in exchange for issuing permits;
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01:23
or a mayor appointing a campaign donor to an influential position.
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μ‹œμž₯이 μ„ κ±°μš΄λ™ κΈ°λΆ€μžλ₯Ό 쒋은 μžλ¦¬μ— μž„λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 경우 등이 이에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
But corruption isn’t limited to the political sphere;
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” μ •μΉ˜ μ˜μ—­μ—λ§Œ κ΅­ν•œλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
it can happen in schools, sports, businesses, or religious institutions.
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학ꡐ, 슀포츠, κΈ°μ—… λ˜λŠ” 쒅ꡐ κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œλ„ λ°œμƒν•  수 있죠.
01:36
In ancient Greece, the power-hungry Alcmaeonid family
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κ³ λŒ€ 그리슀 λ•Œ ꢌλ ₯에 κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° μ•Œν¬λ§ˆμ΄μ˜¨ 가문은
01:40
notoriously bribed the priestesses at Delphi to deliver false prophecies,
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델포이의 μ—¬μ‚¬μ œλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‡Œλ¬Όμ„ μ£Όκ³ 
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€κ°€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€λ₯Ό 침곡해야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 거짓 μ˜ˆμ–Έμ„ μ „ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•…λͺ… λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
like telling the Spartans they should invade Athens.
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01:50
It may seem like all corruption is driven by greed,
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λͺ¨λ“  λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” νƒμš•μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λœ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
01:53
but individual motives are often complex.
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개인의 λ™κΈ°λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•œ κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
There can be economic drivers,
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경제적 μš”μΈμ΄ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
like family pressure on an underpaid civil servant
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μ˜ˆμ»¨λŒ€ μ €μž„κΈˆμ„ λ°›λŠ” 곡무원이 가쑱을 λΆ€μ–‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
02:02
who exaggerates his expenses to get more money back.
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κ²½λΉ„ μ§€μΆœλ‘œ μ†μ—¬μ„œ λˆμ„ λΉΌλŒλ¦¬κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
02:06
This might not seem like a big problem, but corruption can snowball.
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큰 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” 눈덩이처럼 λΆˆμ–΄λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
If anti-corruption laws aren’t enforced,
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λΆ€νŒ¨ 방지법이 μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜
02:13
or if loopholes are continuously exploited,
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ν—ˆμ μ΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•…μš©λ˜λ©΄
02:16
a larger culture of corruption can emerge.
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더 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λΆ€νŒ¨ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
For example, in 2009, numerous British MPs were exposed
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 2009년에 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 영ꡭ ν•˜μ›μ˜μ›λ“€μ΄
λ‚©μ„Έλœ μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ 개인적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 사싀이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
for using taxpayer money to cover personal expenses,
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02:28
from home renovations to luxury purchases, and even having a moat cleaned.
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주택 κ°œμ‘°μ—μ„œ λͺ…ν’ˆ ꡬ맀, 심지어 집 μ²­μ†Œμ—κΉŒμ§€ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
02:33
And corruption isn't always directly about money.
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λΆ€νŒ¨κ°€ 항상 돈과 μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€λ ¨λœ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
In 2016, a Department of Justice investigation found widespread patterns
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2016λ…„, λ―Έκ΅­ 법무뢀 쑰사에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄ κ²½μ°°κ΅­ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μœ„λ²• ν™œλ™, ν•™λŒ€, λΆ€νŒ¨κ°€
02:42
of unconstitutional policing, abuse, and corruption
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02:46
within the Baltimore Police Department.
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ²Œ 이루어지고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
In just one elite task force, eight officers were convicted of crimes,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 특무 λΆ€μ„œμ—μ„œλ§Œ 8λͺ…μ˜ 경찰관이 μœ μ£„ νŒκ²°μ„ λ°›μ•˜λŠ”λ°,
02:54
including planting evidence and robbing citizens during traffic stops.
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ꡐ톡 단속 μ€‘μ˜ 증거 μ‘°μž‘, κΈˆν’ˆ κ°•μš” λ“±μ˜ 범죄가 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:59
Corruption like this causes people to lose faith in government
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” 정뢀에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μžƒκ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
03:02
and can deplete much needed resources.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›μ„ κ³ κ°ˆμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
The more taxpayer money that goes into people’s pockets,
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λ‚©μ„Έμžμ˜ 돈이 μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ— 더 많이 λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘
03:08
the less there is to spend on services that benefit the communityβ€”
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μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ— 도움이 λ˜λŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ μ§€μΆœ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ΄ μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
like repairing roads, building schools, or providing healthcare.
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λ„λ‘œ 수리, 학ꡐ 건섀, 의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 제곡 등이 κ·Έ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
In the case of South Africa,
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남아프리카 κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ˜ 경우
03:19
the Gupta family plundered billions of dollars from the country’s funds
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꡽타 가문은 κ΅­κ°€ μžκΈˆμ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λΉΌκ°”κ³ 
03:23
through their wide-ranging corruption schemes,
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ λΆ€νŒ¨ κ³„λž΅μœΌλ‘œ κ΅­κ°€ 경제λ₯Ό ν™©νν™”μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
devastating the nation's economy.
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03:28
In Baltimore, the police department cost taxpayers more than $22 million
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λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 경찰ꡭ이 λ‚©μ„Έμžλ“€μ˜ 2,200만 λ‹¬λŸ¬ 이상을
03:34
in court settlements and gravely eroded public trust.
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법정 ν•©μ˜κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆκ³  λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ ν›Όμ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
So, how can we prevent corruption?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό 방지할 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:40
While it’s important that laws set a high price for corrupt behavior,
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법이 λΆ€νŒ¨ ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 큰 λŒ€κ°€λ₯Ό 치λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:44
punishment is only one piece of the puzzle.
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μ²˜λ²Œμ€ 퍼즐의 ν•œ 쑰각에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
Transparency in terms of budget and paper trails
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μ˜ˆμ‚° 및 μ„œλ₯˜ μž‘μ„±μ˜ 투λͺ…μ„±κ³Ό
03:51
and support for freedom of the press are hugely important.
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μ–Έλ‘  μžμœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 지지가 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
In Botswana, the government has built public trust
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λ³΄μΈ μ™€λ‚˜ μ •λΆ€λŠ” ꡭ민의 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μŒ“κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:58
through their ongoing commitment to respond to corruption
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λΆ€νŒ¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 곡개적이고 μ‹ μ†ν•˜λ©° λ‹¨ν˜Έν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯을 μ΄μ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
openly, quickly, and decisively.
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04:04
In Denmark, government ministers must publish monthly reports
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덴마크의 κ²½μš°μ—” λΆ€μ²˜ μž₯관듀은 μ›”κ°„ λ³΄κ³ μ„œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ
04:08
cataloging their spending on entertainment,
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μ ‘λŒ€λΉ„, 좜μž₯λΉ„ 및 받은 선물에 λŒ€ν•œ λͺ©λ‘μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•΄μ„œ μ œμΆœν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
official travel, and any gifts they’ve received.
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04:14
As citizens, we can vote out those who engage in corruption
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μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ€νŒ¨ μ—°λ£¨μžλ₯Ό νˆ¬ν‘œλ‘œ νƒˆλ½μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
04:18
and question officials who push back against transparency measures.
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투λͺ…μ„± μ‘°μΉ˜μ— λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 곡무원에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
And we can stand up against corruption when we see it.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 그에 λ§žμ„€ 수 있죠.
04:25
In South Africa, Jonas refused the Guptas’ offer,
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남아프리카 κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ˜ 경우, μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ” κ΅½νƒ€μ˜ μ œμ•ˆμ„ κ±°μ ˆν–ˆκ³ 
04:29
and despite threats against his life, spoke out,
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생λͺ…μ˜ μœ„ν˜‘μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λΆ€νŒ¨μ˜ 그물망을 ν­λ‘œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:32
exposing a sprawling web of corruption that toppled Zuma’s regime,
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주마 μ •κΆŒμ„ λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬κ³  ꡽타 일가λ₯Ό μΆ”λ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
and sent the Gupta family into exile.
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04:40
But it wasn’t just Jonas’ revelation that mattered.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ‘°λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ 폭둜만이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
Once the scale of corruption was unearthed,
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λΆ€νŒ¨μ˜ 규λͺ¨κ°€ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜μž
04:46
everyday South Africans took to the streets,
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남아곡 ꡭ민듀이 맀일 거리둜 λ‚˜μ™€ 주마 μ •κΆŒμ˜ λͺ°λ½μ„ μ™ΈμΉœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
insisting that β€œZuma must fall.”
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04:52
By using our civic voices,
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 톡해
04:54
we can fight back to ensure that tax dollars don’t line pockets,
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μ„ΈκΈˆμ΄ νŠΉμ •μΈμ˜ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό μ±„μš°λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:58
but instead benefit everyone.
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ ν˜œνƒμ΄ λŒμ•„κ°€λ„λ‘ λ§žμ„œ μ‹ΈμšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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