The last chief of the Comanches and the fall of an empire - Dustin Tahmahkera

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2020-07-02 ・ TED-Ed


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The last chief of the Comanches and the fall of an empire - Dustin Tahmahkera

331,446 views ・ 2020-07-02

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Late one night in 1871, a group of riders descended on a sleeping army camp.
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1871λ…„ μ–΄λŠ λŠ¦μ€ λ°€, ν•œ 무리의 κΈ°μˆ˜λ“€μ΄ μž μ— λ“  κ΅° 막사λ₯Ό μŠ΅κ²©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
In minutes they stirred the camp into a panic,
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그듀은 λͺ‡ λΆ„ λ§Œμ— κ΅°λŒ€λ₯Ό 곡포둜 λͺ°μ•„λ„£κ³ ,
00:17
stole about 70 horses, and disappeared.
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말 70마리 정도λ₯Ό ν›”μΉœ ν›„ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Led by a young chief named Quanah Parker,
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μ½°λ‚˜ νŒŒμ»€λΌλŠ” μ Šμ€ μ‘±μž₯이 μ§€νœ˜ν•œ 이 μŠ΅κ²©μ€
00:24
the raid was the latest in a long series of altercations
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ν…μ‚¬μŠ€ λ³€κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” κ°ˆλ“±μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 졜근 μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
along the Texas frontier between the indigenous people
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λ„ˆλ¨Έλ„ˆ, λ˜λŠ” μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λΌλŠ” μ›μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 토지λ₯Ό
00:31
known as the Numunu, or Comanches,
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00:34
and the United States forces sent to steal Comanche lands
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미ꡭꡰ이 백인 μ΄μ£Όμžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄
뺏으러 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 싸움과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄μ„œ 말이죠.
00:38
for white settlers.
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00:40
Though the conflict was decades old,
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λΆ„μŸμ΄ 수 μ‹­λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ—λ„
00:42
U.S. Colonel Ranald MacKenzie led the latest iteration.
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λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€λ ΉμΈ λ ˆλ„λ“œ λ§₯캔지가 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μˆ˜μƒ‰ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
From summer to winter, he tracked Quanah.
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μ—¬λ¦„μ—μ„œ 겨울이 λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ κ·ΈλŠ” μ½°λ‚˜λ₯Ό μΆ”κ²©ν–ˆμ£ .
00:49
But Quanah was also tracking him,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ½°λ‚˜ λ˜ν•œ κ·Έλ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:52
and each time the colonel drew near his targets,
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λŒ€λ Ήμ΄ 그의 λͺ©ν‘œλ¬Όμ— κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§ˆ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
00:55
they disappeared without a trace into the vast plains.
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그듀은 흔적도 없이 κ΄‘ν™œν•œ λŒ€μ§€λ‘œ μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œμ£ .
00:59
The Comanches had controlled this territory for nearly 200 years,
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μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ“€μ€ 이 뢀근을 거의 200λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ‹€μŠ€λ Έκ³ ,
01:03
hunting buffalo and moving whole villages around the plains.
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이 ν‰μ›μ—μ„œ λ§ˆμ„ 전체λ₯Ό 이주해가며 λ²„νŒ”λ‘œλ₯Ό 사λƒ₯ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
They suppressed Spanish and Mexican attacks from the south,
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그듀은 남μͺ½μ˜ 슀페인과 λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ˜ 곡격과
01:11
attempts to settle the land by the United States from the east,
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동μͺ½ 미ꡭ의 이주 μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό λ§‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
and numerous other indigenous peoples’ bids for power.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ›μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ„Έλ ₯νˆ¬μŸλ„ κ²¬λŽŒλƒˆμ£ .
01:19
The Comanche Empire was not one unified group under central control,
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μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜ 왕ꡭ은 쀑앙 ν†΅μΉ˜ μ•„λž˜ λ­‰μΉœ 톡일집단이 μ•„λ‹Œ
01:23
but rather a number of bands, each with its own leaders.
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각각 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€λ„μžλ₯Ό λ‘” μ—¬λŸ¬ λ¬΄λ¦¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
What all of these bands had in common was their prowess as ridersβ€”
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이 λ¬΄λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ 곡톡점은 λͺ¨λ‘ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κΈ°μˆ˜λΌλŠ” μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
every man, woman, and child was adept on horseback.
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λͺ¨λ“  λ‚¨μž, μ—¬μž, μ•„μ΄λŠ” λ§νƒ€λŠ” 데에 λŠ₯μˆ™ν–ˆμ£ .
01:36
Their combat skills on horseback
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말 μœ„μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ „νˆ¬κΈ°μˆ μ€
01:38
far surpassed those of both other indigenous peoples and colonists,
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타 원주민 λΆ€μ‘±κ³Ό μ‹λ―Όμžλ“€μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 훨씬 λŠ₯κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
allowing them to control an enormous area with relatively few peopleβ€”
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 적은 μΈμ›μœΌλ‘œ 넓은 지역을 ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:48
probably about 40,000 at their peak
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μ „μ„±κΈ°μ—λŠ” 4만 λͺ…μ˜ μΈκ΅¬μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜
01:50
and only about 4-5,000 by the time
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μ½°λ‚˜μ™€ λ ˆλ„λ“œκ°€ λŒ€μΉ˜ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
01:53
Quanah Parker and Ranald Mackenzie faced off.
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뢈과 4, 5천 λͺ…밖에 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Born around 1848, Quanah was the eldest child of Peta Nocona,
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1848λ…„ μ―€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ½°λ‚˜λŠ”
02:02
a leader of the Nokoni band, and Cynthia Ann Parker,
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λ…Έμ½”λ‹ˆ 무리의 수μž₯인 νŽ˜μ΄νƒ€ λ‚˜μ½”λ‚˜μ™€
02:06
a kidnapped white settler who assimilated with the Comanches
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λ‚©μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ λ™ν™”λœ 백인 μ‹ μ‹œμ•„ μ•€ 파컀, 이제 λ‚˜λ‘μ•„λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 이의
02:10
and took the name Naduah.
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λ§μ•„λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:13
When Quanah was a preteen,
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μ½°λ‚˜κ°€ μ‚¬μΆ˜κΈ°λ„ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ λ•Œ,
02:15
U.S. forces ambushed his village, capturing his mother and sister.
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미ꡭꡰ은 그의 λ§ˆμ„μ„ μŠ΅κ²©ν–ˆκ³ , μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ 여동생을 λΆ™μž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Quanah and his younger brother sought refuge with a different Comanche band,
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μ½°λ‚˜μ™€ 남동생은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜ 무리와 ν•¨κ»˜
02:24
the Quahada.
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μ½°ν•˜λ‹€λ‘œ ν”Όμ‹ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
In the years that followed, Quanah proved himself as a warrior and leader.
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μˆ˜λ…„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜, μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” μ „μ‚¬μ΄μž μ§€λ„μžλ‘œμ„œ μžμ‹ μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
02:31
In his early twenties, he and a young woman named Weakeah eloped,
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슀무 μ‚΄ μ΄ˆλ°˜μ— κ·ΈλŠ” μ›¨ν‚€μ•„λž€ μ Šμ€ μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό 달아났고,
02:36
enraging her powerful father and several other leaders.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 힘 μžˆλŠ” 아버지와 λ‹€λ₯Έ 수μž₯듀을 λΆ„λ…ΈμΌ€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
They stayed on the run for a year,
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그듀은 일 λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 도주 μƒνƒœλ‘œ μ§€λƒˆκ³ 
02:42
attracting followers and establishing Quanah as a paraibo, or chief,
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μΆ”μ’…μžλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ•„ μ΄λ‘€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ Šμ€ λ‚˜μ΄μ—
02:47
at an exceptionally young age.
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μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” 파라이보, 즉 μ‘±μž₯이 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:50
Under his leadership the Quahada band was able to elude the U.S. military
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그의 μ§€λ„λ‘œ μ½°ν•˜λ‹€ λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ” 미ꡰ을 ν”Όν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
02:55
and continue their way of life.
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과거의 삢을 지속해 λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
But in the early 1870s, the East Coast market for buffalo hides became lucrative,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 1870λ…„λŒ€ 초반, 동뢀 ν•΄μ•ˆ λ²„νŒ”λ‘œ κ°€μ£½ μž₯사가 λœ¨λ©΄μ„œ
03:02
and hunters slaughtered millions of buffalo in just a few years.
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사λƒ₯꾼듀은 λͺ‡ λ…„ λ§Œμ— 수백만 마리 λ²„νŒ”λ‘œλ₯Ό 사λƒ₯ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:07
Meanwhile, U.S. forces led a surprise attack,
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ 미ꡭꡰ은 κΈ°μŠ΅μ„ μ£Όλ„ν•˜μ—¬
03:10
killing nearly all the Quahada band’s 1,400 horses and stealing the rest.
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μ½°ν•˜λ‹€ 무리의 1400마리 말 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ 죽이고 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λ₯Ό 훔쳐갔죠.
03:16
Though he had vowed to never surrender, Quanah knew that without bison or horses,
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μ ˆλŒ€ ν•­λ³΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ‘œ λ§Ήμ„Έν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” λ“€μ†Œλ‚˜ 말 μ—†μ΄λŠ”
03:21
the Comanches faced certain starvation in winter.
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μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ“€μ΄ κ²¨μšΈμ— ꡢ주릴 κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
So in 1875 Quanah and the Quahada band
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 1875λ…„ μ½°λ‚˜μ™€ μ½°ν•˜λ‹€ λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ”
03:29
moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.
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였클라호마의 포트 μ‹€ 인디언 λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ£Όν–ˆμ£ .
03:33
As hunter-gatherers, they could not transition easily
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수렡 μ±„μ§‘μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ, 그듀은 λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ˜ 농업 μƒν™œλ‘œμ˜
03:36
to an agricultural way of life on the reservation.
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μ „ν™˜μ— 어렀움을 κ²ͺμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
The U.S. government had promised rations and supplies,
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ‹λŸ‰κ³Ό λ³΄κΈ‰ν’ˆμ„ μ•½μ†ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
03:43
but what they provided was wildly insufficient.
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μ •μž‘ 보급받은 건 턱없이 λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Quanah, meanwhile, was suddenly in a weak political position:
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ν•œνŽΈ μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆμ•ˆν•œ μž…μž₯μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
he had no wealth or power compared to others
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ— 였래 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ 이듀에 λΉ„ν•΄
03:53
who had been on the reservation longer.
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λΆ€λ‚˜ ꢌλ ₯이 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
03:56
Still, he saw an opportunity.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ κ·ΈλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό λ…Έλ Έμ–΄μš”.
03:58
The reservation included ample grasslandsβ€”
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ—λŠ” ν’μ‘±ν•œ μ΄ˆμ›μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
04:01
useless to the Comanches but perfect for cattle ranchers to graze their herds.
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μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ“€μ—κ² μ“Έλͺ¨ 없어도 κ°€μΆ• λ°©λͺ©μ—λŠ” μ™„λ²½ν–ˆμ£ .
κ·ΈλŠ” μ†Œ λͺ©μž₯μ£Όμ—κ²Œ 땅을 λΉŒλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 득이 λ˜λŠ” ν˜‘μ˜λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:07
He began a profitable arrangement leasing the land to cattle ranchers,
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ,
04:11
quietly at first.
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04:12
Eventually, he negotiated leasing rights with the U.S. government,
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κ²°κ΅­ λ―Έκ΅­ 정뢀와도 μž„μ°¨κΆŒμ„ ν˜‘μƒν•˜μ—¬
04:16
which ensured a steady source of income for the Comanches on the reservation.
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ˜ μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ μˆ˜μž…μ›μ„ 보μž₯ν–ˆμ£ .
04:21
As Quanah’s status on the reservation
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­μ—μ„œ μ½°λ‚˜μ˜ μž…μ§€κ°€ 였λ₯΄μž
04:24
and recognition from government officials grew,
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μ •λΆ€ κ΄€λ£Œλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 인지도 λ˜ν•œ λ†’μ•„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
he secured better rations,
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더 쒋은 μ‹λŸ‰μ„ λ°›μ•˜κ³ 
04:29
advocated for the construction of schools and houses,
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학ꡐ와 집을 κ±΄μ„€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μΌμ‘°ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
04:32
and became one of three tribal judges on the reservation court.
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­ λ²•μ •μ˜ μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ λΆ€μ‘± νŒμ‚¬ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
04:36
Tired of speaking with multiple leaders,
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λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ§€λ„μžμ™€μ˜ μ†Œν†΅μ— μ§€μΉœ λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ”
04:38
the U.S. government wanted to appoint one chief of all Comanchesβ€”
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λͺ¨λ“  μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ₯Ό λŒ€ν‘œν•˜λŠ” μ‘±μž₯을 ν•œ λͺ… μ„ μ •ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:43
a role that hadn’t existed outside the reservation.
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λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­ λ°–μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μ—­ν• μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
04:47
Still, many Comanches supported Quanah for this role,
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ λ§Žμ€ μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ“€μ΄ μ½°λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ§€μ§€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:51
just as several older leaders had supported him
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과거의 μ‘±μž₯듀이 κ·Έκ°€ λ―Έκ΅­κ΅° μŠ΅κ²©μ„ μ΄λ„λŠ” κ±Έ
04:53
to lead them against the U.S. armed forces.
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μ§€μ§€ν•œ 것과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œμš”.
04:56
Even Quanah’s former adversary, Ranald MacKenzie,
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μ½°λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜› μ μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ λ ˆλ„λ“œ λ§₯켄지쑰차
04:59
advocated for his appointment.
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그의 μž„λͺ…을 μ§€μ§€ν–ˆμ£ .
05:01
Quanah acted in Hollywood movies and befriended American politicians,
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μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” 할리웃 μ˜ν™”μ— μΆœμ—°ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³  λ―Έ μ •μΉ˜μΈκ³Ό μΉœλΆ„μ„ λ§Ίμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:06
riding in Theodore Roosevelt’s inauguration parade.
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루즈벨트의 μ·¨μž„μ‹ ν–‰μ§„μ—μ„œ 말도 νƒ”μ§€μš”.
05:09
Still, he never cut his long braids
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·ΈλŠ” 땋은 머리λ₯Ό μ ˆλŒ€ 자λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
05:11
and advocated for the Native American Church and the use of peyote.
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뢁미 원주민 κ΅νšŒμ™€ νŽ˜μš”ν…Œ 선인μž₯ λ§ˆμ•½ μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ§€μ§€ν–ˆμ£ .
05:15
He began to go by Quanah Parker, adopting his mother’s surname,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ 성을 λ”° μ½°λ‚˜ νŒŒμ»€λž€ 이름을 μ“°λ©°
05:20
and tried to track down his mother and sister,
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ 여동생을 찾으렀 λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
05:23
eventually learning they had both died shortly after their capture.
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그듀이 λΆ™μž‘νžŒμ§€ μ–Όλ§ˆ μ•ˆ 돼 μ‚¬λ§ν•œ κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Quanah adapted again and againβ€” to different worlds, different roles,
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μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ•Œκ·Έλ•Œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 세상과 역할에 μ μ‘ν•΄μ™”μ–΄μš”.
05:34
and circumstances that would seem insurmountable to most.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λŒ€μ²˜ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μƒν™©μ—λ„μš”.
05:37
Though he wasn’t without critics, after Quanah’s passing,
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λΉ„νŒν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ½°λ‚˜λŠ” 사후에
05:40
Comanches began using the term β€œchairman”
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μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜λ“€μ€ "의μž₯"μ΄λž€ 단어λ₯Ό
05:43
to designate the top elected official in the tribe,
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λΆ€μ‘±μ˜ μ„ μ •λœ 졜고 μž„μ›μ„ 지λͺ…ν•  λ•Œ μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:46
recognizing him as the last chief of the Comanches
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μ½°λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜μ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‘±μž₯μœΌλ‘œμ„œ,
05:50
and a model of cultural survival and adaptation.
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그리고 λ¬Έν™” 생쑴과 μ μ‘μ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
05:53
In that spirit, today’s Comanche Nation looks towards the future,
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이런 μ •μ‹ μœΌλ‘œ, 만 6천 λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ κ΅­λ―Όκ³Ό μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 후손을 가진
05:58
with over 16,000 enrolled citizens and countless descendants.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μ½”λ§ŒμΉ˜ 민쑱은 미래λ₯Ό 바라보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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