The last chief of the Comanches and the fall of an empire - Dustin Tahmahkera

335,152 views ใƒป 2020-07-02

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Late one night in 1871, a group of riders descended on a sleeping army camp.
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1871๋…„ ์–ด๋А ๋Šฆ์€ ๋ฐค, ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ž ์— ๋“  ๊ตฐ ๋ง‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์Šต๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
In minutes they stirred the camp into a panic,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ณตํฌ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ๊ณ ,
00:17
stole about 70 horses, and disappeared.
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๋ง 70๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ›”์นœ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Led by a young chief named Quanah Parker,
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์ปค๋ผ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์กฑ์žฅ์ด ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•œ ์ด ์Šต๊ฒฉ์€
00:24
the raid was the latest in a long series of altercations
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
along the Texas frontier between the indigenous people
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๋„ˆ๋จธ๋„ˆ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ
00:31
known as the Numunu, or Comanches,
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00:34
and the United States forces sent to steal Comanche lands
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
๋บ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹ธ์›€๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:38
for white settlers.
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00:40
Though the conflict was decades old,
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„
00:42
U.S. Colonel Ranald MacKenzie led the latest iteration.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋ น์ธ ๋ ˆ๋„๋“œ ๋งฅ์บ”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
From summer to winter, he tracked Quanah.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:49
But Quanah was also tracking him,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:52
and each time the colonel drew near his targets,
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๋Œ€๋ น์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
00:55
they disappeared without a trace into the vast plains.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”์ ๋„ ์—†์ด ๊ด‘ํ™œํ•œ ๋Œ€์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
00:59
The Comanches had controlled this territory for nearly 200 years,
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์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 200๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ ธ๊ณ ,
01:03
hunting buffalo and moving whole villages around the plains.
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์ด ํ‰์›์—์„œ ๋งˆ์„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์ฃผํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ„ํŒ”๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
They suppressed Spanish and Mexican attacks from the south,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ณผ
01:11
attempts to settle the land by the United States from the east,
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๋™์ชฝ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
and numerous other indigenous peoplesโ€™ bids for power.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๋ ฅํˆฌ์Ÿ๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
01:19
The Comanche Empire was not one unified group under central control,
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์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜ ์™•๊ตญ์€ ์ค‘์•™ ํ†ต์น˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ญ‰์นœ ํ†ต์ผ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
01:23
but rather a number of bands, each with its own leaders.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
What all of these bands had in common was their prowess as ridersโ€”
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์ด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
every man, woman, and child was adept on horseback.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚จ์ž, ์—ฌ์ž, ์•„์ด๋Š” ๋งํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:36
Their combat skills on horseback
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๋ง ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
01:38
far surpassed those of both other indigenous peoples and colonists,
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ํƒ€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
allowing them to control an enormous area with relatively few peopleโ€”
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ์ธ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:48
probably about 40,000 at their peak
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์ „์„ฑ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 4๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜€์œผ๋‚˜
01:50
and only about 4-5,000 by the time
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ ˆ๋„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
01:53
Quanah Parker and Ranald Mackenzie faced off.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 4, 5์ฒœ ๋ช…๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Born around 1848, Quanah was the eldest child of Peta Nocona,
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1848๋…„ ์ฏค ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š”
02:02
a leader of the Nokoni band, and Cynthia Ann Parker,
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๋…ธ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ธ ํŽ˜์ดํƒ€ ๋‚˜์ฝ”๋‚˜์™€
02:06
a kidnapped white settler who assimilated with the Comanches
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๋‚ฉ์น˜๋˜์–ด ๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์‹ ์‹œ์•„ ์•ค ํŒŒ์ปค, ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋‘์•„๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์˜
02:10
and took the name Naduah.
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๋ง์•„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:13
When Quanah was a preteen,
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
02:15
U.S. forces ambushed his village, capturing his mother and sister.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตฐ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์Šต๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์„ ๋ถ™์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Quanah and his younger brother sought refuge with a different Comanche band,
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
02:24
the Quahada.
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์ฝฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋กœ ํ”ผ์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
In the years that followed, Quanah proved himself as a warrior and leader.
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์ˆ˜๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜, ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:31
In his early twenties, he and a young woman named Weakeah eloped,
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์Šค๋ฌด ์‚ด ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์›จํ‚ค์•„๋ž€ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์•„๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
02:36
enraging her powerful father and several other leaders.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
They stayed on the run for a year,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋„์ฃผ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
02:42
attracting followers and establishing Quanah as a paraibo, or chief,
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์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ด๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ๋‚˜์ด์—
02:47
at an exceptionally young age.
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋ณด, ์ฆ‰ ์กฑ์žฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:50
Under his leadership the Quahada band was able to elude the U.S. military
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋กœ ์ฝฐํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:55
and continue their way of life.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
But in the early 1870s, the East Coast market for buffalo hides became lucrative,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1870๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜, ๋™๋ถ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฒ„ํŒ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์žฅ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๋ฉด์„œ
03:02
and hunters slaughtered millions of buffalo in just a few years.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ„ํŒ”๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:07
Meanwhile, U.S. forces led a surprise attack,
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตฐ์€ ๊ธฐ์Šต์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:10
killing nearly all the Quahada bandโ€™s 1,400 horses and stealing the rest.
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์ฝฐํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ 1400๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ง ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ”์ฃ .
03:16
Though he had vowed to never surrender, Quanah knew that without bison or horses,
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งน์„ธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋“ค์†Œ๋‚˜ ๋ง ์—†์ด๋Š”
03:21
the Comanches faced certain starvation in winter.
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์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆด ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So in 1875 Quanah and the Quahada band
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1875๋…„ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜์™€ ์ฝฐํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:29
moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.
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์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ์˜ ํฌํŠธ ์‹ค ์ธ๋””์–ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:33
As hunter-gatherers, they could not transition easily
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์ˆ˜๋ ต ์ฑ„์ง‘์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๋†์—… ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ์˜
03:36
to an agricultural way of life on the reservation.
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์ „ํ™˜์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
The U.S. government had promised rations and supplies,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ’ˆ์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
03:43
but what they provided was wildly insufficient.
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์ •์ž‘ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฑด ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Quanah, meanwhile, was suddenly in a weak political position:
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
he had no wealth or power compared to others
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์ด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
03:53
who had been on the reservation longer.
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๋ถ€๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:56
Still, he saw an opportunity.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
03:58
The reservation included ample grasslandsโ€”
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—๋Š” ํ’์กฑํ•œ ์ดˆ์›์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:01
useless to the Comanches but perfect for cattle ranchers to graze their herds.
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์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์—๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Š” ์†Œ ๋ชฉ์žฅ์ฃผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋•…์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:07
He began a profitable arrangement leasing the land to cattle ranchers,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
04:11
quietly at first.
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04:12
Eventually, he negotiated leasing rights with the U.S. government,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์™€๋„ ์ž„์ฐจ๊ถŒ์„ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ
04:16
which ensured a steady source of income for the Comanches on the reservation.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์›์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:21
As Quanahโ€™s status on the reservation
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž…์ง€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด์ž
04:24
and recognition from government officials grew,
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
he secured better rations,
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
04:29
advocated for the construction of schools and houses,
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ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์ง‘์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
04:32
and became one of three tribal judges on the reservation court.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋ฒ•์ •์˜ ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ํŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:36
Tired of speaking with multiple leaders,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž์™€์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์— ์ง€์นœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
04:38
the U.S. government wanted to appoint one chief of all Comanchesโ€”
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์กฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:43
a role that hadnโ€™t existed outside the reservation.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:47
Still, many Comanches supported Quanah for this role,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:51
just as several older leaders had supported him
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กฑ์žฅ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตฐ ์Šต๊ฒฉ์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฑธ
04:53
to lead them against the U.S. armed forces.
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์ง€์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ์š”.
04:56
Even Quanahโ€™s former adversary, Ranald MacKenzie,
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜› ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ ˆ๋„๋“œ ๋งฅ์ผ„์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ
04:59
advocated for his appointment.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž„๋ช…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:01
Quanah acted in Hollywood movies and befriended American politicians,
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ• ๋ฆฌ์›ƒ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ ์ •์น˜์ธ๊ณผ ์นœ๋ถ„์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:06
riding in Theodore Rooseveltโ€™s inauguration parade.
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๋ฃจ์ฆˆ๋ฒจํŠธ์˜ ์ทจ์ž„์‹ ํ–‰์ง„์—์„œ ๋ง๋„ ํƒ”์ง€์š”.
05:09
Still, he never cut his long braids
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋•‹์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:11
and advocated for the Native American Church and the use of peyote.
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๋ถ๋ฏธ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ตํšŒ์™€ ํŽ˜์š”ํ…Œ ์„ ์ธ์žฅ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:15
He began to go by Quanah Parker, adopting his motherโ€™s surname,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ๋”ฐ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์ปค๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ
05:20
and tried to track down his mother and sister,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
05:23
eventually learning they had both died shortly after their capture.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ™์žกํžŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Quanah adapted again and againโ€” to different worlds, different roles,
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ ์‘ํ•ด์™”์–ด์š”.
05:34
and circumstances that would seem insurmountable to most.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋„์š”.
05:37
Though he wasnโ€™t without critics, after Quanahโ€™s passing,
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๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„์—
05:40
Comanches began using the term โ€œchairmanโ€
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์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜๋“ค์€ "์˜์žฅ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
05:43
to designate the top elected official in the tribe,
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๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ž„์›์„ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:46
recognizing him as the last chief of the Comanches
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์ฝฐ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์กฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
05:50
and a model of cultural survival and adaptation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ™” ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์ ์‘์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:53
In that spirit, todayโ€™s Comanche Nation looks towards the future,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์‹ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋งŒ 6์ฒœ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ›„์†์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
05:58
with over 16,000 enrolled citizens and countless descendants.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ฝ”๋งŒ์น˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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