How squids outsmart their predators - Carly Anne York

2,961,672 views ・ 2018-05-14

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: μ‹  승호 κ²€ν† : Noh kyua
00:09
In the ocean’s depths, two titans wage battle:
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λ°”λ‹€ κΉŠμ€ κ³³μ—μ„œ 두 κ±°λŒ€ 생물이 λŒ€κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
the sperm whale and the colossal squid.
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ν–₯μœ κ³ λž˜μ™€ λŒ€μ™•μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ§€μš”.
00:17
Sperm whales use echolocation to hunt these squid for food,
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ν–₯μœ κ³ λž˜λŠ” 초음파λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μ™•μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ₯Ό 사λƒ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
but even against this gigantic animal, squid can put up an impressive fight.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 동물에 λ§žμ„œλŠ” μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ„ 만만치 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
Scientists know this because on the bodies of washed-up whales,
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ§€μΉœ κ³ λž˜λ“€μ˜ λͺΈν†΅μ—μ„œ μ’…μ’…
00:30
they frequently find huge, round suction scars,
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크고 μš•μ‹¬ λ§Žμ€ μ΄‰μˆ˜κ°€ μƒˆκΈ΄ κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  λ‘₯κ·Ό 빨판 μžκ΅­μ„
00:34
emblazoned there by large, grasping tentacles.
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λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λŒ€κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Ranging in size from this giant’s impressive 14 meters
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이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 인상적인 14mλΆ€ν„°
00:43
to the 2.5 centimeters of the southern pygmy squid,
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남μͺ½ ν”Όκ·Έλ―Έ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ 2.5cmκΉŒμ§€
00:47
these creatures fall into the group of animals known as cephalopods.
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크기가 μ•„μ£Ό 큰 이 생물듀은 두 μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
There are about 500 squid species worldwide,
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μ•½ 500μ’…μ˜ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄κ°€ μ „ 세계에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³ ,
00:55
and they live in all the world’s oceans,
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세계 λͺ¨λ“  λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ μ„œμ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
making them a reliable food source for whales,
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그듀은 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ˜μ‘΄ν• λ§Œν•œ μ‹ν’ˆ μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°, 고래
01:00
dolphins,
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돌고래,
01:01
sharks,
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상어, λ°”λ‹€μƒˆ, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°
01:02
seabirds,
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01:02
fish,
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01:03
and even other squid.
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심지어 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Indeed, squid themselves are fearsome ocean predators.
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사싀, μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•œ λ°”λ‹€ 속 ν¬μ‹μžμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
But their most extraordinary adaptations
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ λ†€λΌμš΄ 적응은
01:12
are those that have evolved to help them thwart their predators.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ„ μ’Œμ ˆμ‹œν‚€λ„λ‘ μ§„ν™”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
Squid, which can be found mainly
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ“€μ΄ 주둜 λ°œκ²¬λ˜λŠ” 곳은
01:18
in estuarine, deep-sea, and open-water habitats,
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ν•˜κ΅¬, κΉŠμ€ 바닀속과 κ°œλΉ™κ΅¬μ—­μ΄λ©°
01:22
often swim together in shoals.
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ μ’…μ’… λ–Όλ₯Ό μ§€μœΌλ©° ν—€μ—„μΉ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:25
Being out in the open without anywhere to hide makes them vulnerable,
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μˆ¨μ„ κ³³ 없이 트인 곳에 놓인 μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” 맀우 μ·¨μ•½ν•œλ°
01:29
so as a first line of defense, they rely on large, well-developed eyes.
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μ»€λ‹€λž—κ³  λ°œλ‹¬λœ λˆˆμ„ 1μ°¨ λ°©μ–΄ μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ‚ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
In the colossal squid, these are the size of dinner plates,
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μ ‘μ‹œλ§Œν•œ 크기의 κ±°λŒ€ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ λˆˆμ€
01:38
the largest known eyes in the animal kingdom.
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λ™λ¬Όμ˜ μ™•κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ κ°€μž₯ 큰 λˆˆμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:42
When it’s dark or the water is murky, however,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 물이 νƒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ–΄λ‘μšΈλ•Œ
01:44
squid rely on a secondary sensory system,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” 이차적인 감지 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
01:47
made from thousands of tiny hair cells that are only about twelve microns long
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였직 12 마이크둜 μ •λ„μ˜ 길이인 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 유λͺ¨ 세포 수천개둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κ³ 
01:53
and run along their heads and arms.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 머리와 νŒ”μ„ 따라 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
각각의 유λͺ¨ μ„Έν¬λŠ” μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ˜ 좕색 λŒκΈ°μ— μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄
01:56
Each of these hair cells is attached to axons in the nervous system.
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02:00
Swimming animals create a wake,
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ν—€μ—„μΉ˜λŠ” 동물듀은 νŒŒλ™μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”λ°
02:03
so when the hairs on the squid’s body detect this motion,
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λͺΈμ— μžˆλŠ” 털이 이 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ κ°μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
02:06
they send a signal to the brain,
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λ‡Œλ‘œ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜μ—¬
02:08
which helps it determine the direction of the water’s flow.
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물의 흐름이 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κ³€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
This way, a squid can sense an oncoming predator in even the dimmest waters.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” 맀우 μ–΄λ‘μš΄ λ¬Όμ†μ—μ„œλ„ ν¬μ‹μžμ˜ 접근을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:18
Aware of the threat, a squid can then mask itself from a predator.
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μœ„ν˜‘μ„ κ°μ§€ν•œ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λͺΈμ„ 감좜 수 μžˆκ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Squid skin contains thousands of tiny organs called chromatophores,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ ν”ΌλΆ€μ—λŠ” μƒ‰μ†Œ 세포라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λͺ‡ 천개의 μž‘μ€ 기관이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
각각 검정색, κ°ˆμƒ‰, 빨간색, ν˜Ήμ€ λ…Έλž€μƒ‰ μƒ‰μ†Œ 고리가 κ·Όμœ‘μ— λΌμ›Œμ§„ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
each made of black, brown, red or yellow pigments and ringed in muscle.
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02:33
Reflecting cells beneath the chromatophores
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μƒ‰μ†Œ 세포 밑에 μžˆλŠ” λ°˜μ‚¬ μ„Έν¬λŠ”
μƒ‰μ†Œμ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ μ£Όμœ„ ν™˜κ²½λ“€μ„ λ”°λΌν•˜μ—¬ μ„žμ—¬λ“€ 수 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
mirror the squid’s surroundings, enabling it to blend in.
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02:40
So, when the muscles contract,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ μ£Όμœ„ ν™˜κ²½λ“€μ„ λ”°λΌμ„œ 근윑이 μˆ˜μΆ•ν•  λ•Œ
02:42
the color of the pigment is exposed,
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μƒ‰μ†Œμ˜ 색이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜κ³ 
이완할 땐 색이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
whereas when the muscles relax the colors are hidden.
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02:48
Each of these chromatophores
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각각의 μƒ‰μ†Œλ“€μ€
02:50
is under the individual control of the squid’s nervous system,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄ μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ˜ κ°œλ³„ μ œμ–΄ ν•˜μ— 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:53
so while some expand, others remain contracted.
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μΌλΆ€λŠ” νŒ½μ°½ν•  λ•Œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μˆ˜μΆ•ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
That enables countershading,
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이것을 λ°©μ–΄ν”ΌμŒμ΄λΌ ν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:59
where the underside of the squid is lighter than the top,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ μ•„λž˜ λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 색이 μœ„λ³΄λ‹€ μ˜…μ–΄
03:03
to eliminate a silhouette that a predator might spy from below.
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μ•„λž˜ μžˆλŠ” ν¬μ‹μžκ°€ μœ€κ³½μ„ λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
Some predators, however, like the whales and dolphins,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ³ λž˜μ™€ λŒκ³ λž˜κ°™μ€ ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ€
03:11
get around this ruse by using sound waves to detect a squid’s camouflaged form.
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음파λ₯Ό 톡해 이 μ „λž΅μ„ κ°„νŒŒν•˜κ³  μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ μœ„μž₯을 감지할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
Not to be outfoxed, the squid still has two more tricks up its sleeve.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ—κ² 아직 두 개의 λΉ„μž₯의 무기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
The first involves ink, produced inside its mantle.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ™Ένˆ¬μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ¨Ήλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
Squid ink is made mostly of mucus and melanin,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ 먹물은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 점앑과 λ©œλΌλ‹ŒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ
03:29
which produces its dark coloring.
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μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 색을 띄고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
When squid eject the ink,
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄κ°€ 먹물을 λ°œμ‚¬ ν•  λ•Œμ—λŠ”
03:34
they either use it to make a large smokescreen
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μ»€λ‹€λž€ 연막을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ ν¬μ‹μžμ˜ μ‹œμ•Όλ₯Ό
03:36
that completely blocks the predator’s view
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μ™„μ „νžˆ κ°€λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜,
03:39
or a blob that roughly mimics the size and shape of the squid.
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ 크기와 λͺ¨μ–‘을 λŒ€μΆ© λͺ¨λ°©ν•œ λ°©μšΈμ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
This creates a phantom form, called a pseudomorph,
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μ΄λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ΄ μ§„μ§œ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” ν™˜μƒμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
03:48
that tricks the predator into thinking it’s the real squid.
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이것을 가상이라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
As a final touch, squid rely on jet propulsion
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ“€μ€ μ œνŠΈμΆ”μ§„μ— μ˜μ§€ν•˜μ—¬
03:56
to rapidly shoot away from their hunters,
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사λƒ₯κΎΌλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κ³€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
reaching speeds of up to 25 miles per hour and moving meters away in mere seconds.
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졜고 μ†λ„λŠ” μ‹œμ† 25마일둜, μˆœμ‹κ°„μ— λͺ‡ λ―Έν„°λ₯Ό μ΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
This makes them Earth’s fastest invertebrates.
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이것은 μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ“€μ„ μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λΉ λ₯Έ λ¬΄μ²™μΆ”λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Some squid species have also developed unique adaptive behaviors.
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λ˜ν•œ, 일뢀 μ˜€μ§•μ–΄ 쒅듀은 λ…νŠΉν•œ 적응행동을 κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
The deep-sea vampire squid, when startled,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄μ˜€μ§•μ–΄κ°€ 깜짝 놀라면
04:16
uses its webbed arms to make a cape it hides behind.
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뒀에 μˆ¨μ„ 망토λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ¬Όκ°ˆν€΄κ°€ 달린 νŒ”μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
The tiny bobtail, on the other hand, tosses sand over its body
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, 짧게 꼬리λ₯Ό 자λ₯Έ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” λͺ¨λž˜λ₯Ό κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ λͺΈμ— 던져
04:25
as it burrows away from prying eyes.
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μ •μ°°μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν„° μˆ¨κ²Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
The Pacific flying squid uses jet propulsion for another purpose:
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νƒœν‰μ–‘μ˜ ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” λ¬Ό λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:32
to launch itself right out of the water.
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μ œνŠΈμΆ”μ§„μ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš©λ„λ‘œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Squids’ inventive adaptations have allowed them
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μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ μ‘μœΌλ‘œ
04:38
to proliferate for over 500 million years.
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5얡년이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ λ²ˆμ‹μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Even now, we’re still uncovering new species.
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μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„μ—λ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 쒅듀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
And as we do,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄, 이 μ€λ°€ν•œ 두쑱λ₯˜ 생물듀이
04:46
we’re bound to discover even more about how these stealthy cephalopods
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν—˜ν•˜κ³  κΉŠμ€ λ°”λ‹€ μ†μ—μ„œ μƒμ‘΄μ˜ λŒ€κ°€κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ
04:50
have mastered survival in the deep and unforgiving sea.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 사싀듀이 λ°ν˜€μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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