Debunking the myth of the Lost Cause: A lie embedded in American history - Karen L. Cox

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2021-02-25 ・ TED-Ed


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Debunking the myth of the Lost Cause: A lie embedded in American history - Karen L. Cox

2,119,674 views ・ 2021-02-25

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyeona Seo κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:07
Between 1860 and 1861, 11 southern states withdrew from the United States
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1860λ…„κ³Ό 1861λ…„ 사이에 11개 μ£Όκ°€ λ―Έκ΅­ μ—°ν•©μ—μ„œ νƒˆν‡΄ν•˜κ³ 
00:12
and formed the Confederate States of America.
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남뢀 연맹을 κ²°μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
They left, or seceded, in response to the growing movement
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그듀은 전ꡭ적인 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ 폐지에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λ©°
00:19
for the nationwide abolition of slavery.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 연합을 λ– λ‚˜ λ…λ¦½ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
00:22
Mississippi said,
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λ―Έμ‹œμ‹œν”Ό μ£ΌλŠ”
00:23
β€œour position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery.”
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μž…μž₯은 ν™•κ³ ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆκ³ 
00:27
South Carolina cited β€œhostility on the part of the non-slaveholding states
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μ‚¬μš°μŠ€ μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜ μ£ΌλŠ”
λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ±„νƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 주에 λŒ€ν•œ μ λŒ€κ°μ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:31
to the institution of slavery.”
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00:33
In March 1861, the Vice President of the Confederacy, Alexander Stevens,
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1861λ…„ 남뢀 μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ λΆ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ μ•Œλ ‰μ‚°λ” μŠ€ν‹°λΈμŠ€λŠ”
00:39
proclaimed that the cornerstone of the new Confederate government
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남뢀 연맹은 백인 μš°μ›”μ£Όμ˜μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
was white supremacy, or as he put it,
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그의 말에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
00:44
β€œslavery” and β€œsubordination” to white people
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β€œλ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„β€œμ™€ 백인에 λŒ€ν•œ β€œμ’…μ† κ΄€κ³„β€œλŠ”
00:47
was the β€œnatural and normal condition” of Black people in America
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λ―Έκ΅­ ν‘μΈμ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ β€œμžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ³  ν‰λ²”ν•œ μƒνƒœβ€œμ΄λ©°,
00:50
and the β€œimmediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution.”
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그것이 β€œκ³Όκ±°μ˜ λΆˆν™”μ™€ ν˜„μž¬ 혁λͺ…μ˜ 직접적인 μ›μΈβ€œμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:55
Three weeks after the now-infamous Cornerstone Speech,
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이 μ•…λͺ… 높은 μ½”λ„ˆμŠ€ν†€ μ—°μ„€μ˜ 3μ£Ό ν›„
00:57
the American Civil War began.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 남뢁 μ „μŸμ΄ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
The conflict lasted four years, had a death toll of about 750,000,
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κ°ˆλ“±μ€ 4λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ΄μ–΄μ‘Œκ³  75만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬μƒμžλ₯Ό λ‚΄κ³ μ„œμ•Ό
01:04
and ended with the Confederacy’s defeat.
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남뢀 μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ 패배둜 μ „μŸμ€ 끝이 λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
By 1866, barely a year after the war ended,
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μ „μŸμ΄ λλ‚˜κ³  μ•½ 1λ…„ 후인 1866년에
01:11
southern sources began claiming the conflict wasn’t actually about slavery.
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λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ κΈ°μžλ“€μ€ κ°ˆλ“±μ˜ 원인이 사싀 λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:15
Meanwhile, Frederick Douglass,
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ν•œνŽΈ ν”„λ ˆλ“œλ¦­ λ”κΈ€λΌμŠ€λŠ”
01:17
a prominent abolitionist and formerly enslaved person, cautioned,
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μ €λͺ…ν•œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ νμ§€λ‘ μžμ΄μž λ…Έμ˜ˆμ—μ„œ ν•΄λ°©λœ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
01:21
β€œthe spirit of secession is stronger today than ever.”
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ λΆ„λ¦¬μ£Όμ˜ 정신은 κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ κ°•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  κ²½κ³ ν–ˆμ£ .
01:25
From the words of Confederate leaders,
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남뢀 μ—°λ§Ή μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ˜ 말에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ „μŸμ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ” λͺ…ν™•ν–ˆμ–΄μš”,
01:27
the reason for the war could not have been clearerβ€” it was slavery.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„μ˜€μ§€μš”.
01:31
So how did this revisionist history come about?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 μˆ˜μ •μ£Όμ˜μ μΈ 역사가 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
01:34
The answer lies in the Lost Causeβ€” a cultural myth about the Confederacy.
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κ·Έ 닡은 남뢀 μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ 문화적 믿음인 β€œμžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦° λŒ€μ˜β€œμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
The term was coined by Edward Pollard, a pro-Confederate journalist.
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μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ ν΄λΌλ“œλΌλŠ” μΉœλ‚¨λΆ€μ—°λ§Ή κΈ°μžκ°€ 이 μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
In 1866, he published β€œThe Lost Cause:
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1866λ…„ κ·ΈλŠ” 이런 책을 μΆœνŒν•˜μ£ .
β€μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦° λŒ€μ˜: 남뢀 μ—°λ§Ή μ „μŸμ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 남뢀 역사”
01:46
A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates.”
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01:49
Pollard pointed out that the U.S. Constitution gave states
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ν΄λΌλ“œμ˜ 지적에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
λ―Έκ΅­ ν—Œλ²•μ— 따라 쀑앙 정뢀에 μ†ν•œ 지역이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ©΄
01:52
the right to govern themselves independently in all areas
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각 μ£ΌλŠ” 자기 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ 독립적인 ν†΅μΉ˜κΆŒμ„ κ°–λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:56
except those explicitly designated to the national government.
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01:59
According to him, the Confederacy wasn’t defending slavery,
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그에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄ 남뢀 연맹은 λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ˜Ήν˜Έν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ
02:02
it was defending each state’s right to choose whether or not to allow slavery.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„ 인정 여뢀에 λŒ€ν•œ 주의 μ„ νƒκΆŒμ„ 지킀렀 ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
02:07
This explanation effectively turned white southerners’ documented defense
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„€λͺ…은 남뢀 λ°±μΈλ“€μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œμ™€ 백인 μš°μ›”μ£Όμ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ³€λͺ…을
02:10
of slavery and white supremacy into a patriotic defense of the Constitution.
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ν—Œλ²•μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ• κ΅­μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄λ²„λ Έμ§€μš”.
02:15
The Civil War had devastated the country,
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남뢁 μ „μŸμœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ‚˜λΌκ°€ ν™©νν™”λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
02:17
leaving those who had supported the Confederacy
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남뢀 연맹을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
02:20
grasping to justify their actions.
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 행동을 μ •λ‹Ήν™”ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:22
Many pro-Confederate writers, political leaders, and others
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μΉœλ‚¨λΆ€μ—°λ§Ή μž‘κ°€μ™€ μ •μΉ˜ μ§€λ„μž, 그리고 λ§Žμ€ 이듀은
02:25
were quick to adopt and spread the narrative of the Lost Cause.
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μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦° λŒ€μ˜μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ 재빨리 μ±„νƒν•˜κ³  νΌλœ¨λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
One organization, the United Daughters of the Confederacy,
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β€˜λ‚¨λΆ€ μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ λ”Έλ“€ (UDC)β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ²΄λŠ”
02:33
played a key role in transmitting the ideas of the Lost Cause
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λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ—κ²Œ μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦° λŒ€μ˜μ˜ 이념을 μ „ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:36
to future generations.
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02:38
Founded in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1894,
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ν…Œλ„€μ‹œ μ£Ό λ‚΄μŠˆλΉŒμ—μ„œ 1894년에 μ„€λ¦½λœ UDC λ‹¨μ²΄μ—λŠ”
02:41
the UDC united thousands of middle and upper class white southern women.
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λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ 쀑상λ₯˜μΈ΅ 백인 μ—¬μ„±λ“€ 수천 λͺ…이 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
The UDC raised thousands of dollars to build monuments to Confederate soldiers.
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UDCλŠ” 수천 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λͺ¨κΈˆν•˜μ—¬ 남뢀ꡰ 기념물을 μ„Έμš°κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
These were often unveiled with large public ceremonies,
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기념물듀은 μ’…μ’… 큰 λŒ€μ€‘ 행사 λ•Œ 곡개되고
02:53
and given prominent placements, especially on courthouse lawns.
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특히 법원 μž”λ””λ°­ 같은 λˆˆμ— λ„λŠ” μž₯μ†Œμ— λ†“μ•„μ‘Œμ§€μš”.
02:57
The Daughters also placed Confederate portraits in public schools.
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λ˜ν•œ UDCλŠ” 남뢀 κ΅°μΈλ“€μ˜ μ΄ˆμƒν™”λ₯Ό 곡립 학ꡐ에 κ±Έμ–΄λ‘μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:01
They monitored textbooks to minimize the horrors of slavery,
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그듀은 κ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό κ°μˆ˜ν•΄
λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œμ˜ 참상과 남뢁 μ „μŸμ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œμ˜ 의의λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”μ‹œμΌ°κ³ ,
03:03
and its significance in the Civil War,
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03:06
passing revisionist history and racist ideology down through generations.
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이둜 인해 μˆ˜μ •μ£Όμ˜ 역사와 인쒅 차별이 λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€κΉŒμ§€ λ¬Όλ €μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
By 1918, the UDC claimed over 100,000 members.
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1918년에 UDC νšŒμ› μˆ˜λŠ” μ‹­λ§Œ λͺ…이 λ„˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:15
As their numbers grew, they increased their influence outside the South.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ«μžκ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ 영ν–₯λ ₯이 남뢀 λ°”κΉ₯으둜 μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Presidents William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ ν•˜μ›Œλ“œ νƒœν”„νŠΈ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ³Ό μš°λ“œλ‘œ 윌슨 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€
03:23
both met with UDC members and enabled them to memorialize
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UDC νšŒμ›λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚¬κ³ 
μ•Œλ§ν„΄ κ΅­λ¦½λ¬˜μ§€μ—μ„œ 남뢀 ꡰ인듀을 μΆ”λͺ¨ν•˜λ„둝 ν—ˆλ½ν•΄ μ£Όμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:26
the Confederacy in Arlington National Cemetery.
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03:29
The UDC still exists and defends Confederate symbols
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UDCλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ©° 남뢀 μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ 상징을
03:32
as part of a noble heritage of sacrifice by their ancestors.
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μ‘°μƒλ“€μ˜ μˆ­κ³ ν•œ ν¬μƒμ˜ μœ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ μ˜Ήν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Despite the wealth of primary sources
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남뢁 μ „μŸμ˜ 원인이 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλΌλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μžλ£Œλ“€μ΄ λ§ŽμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:37
showing that slavery was the root cause of the Civil War,
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03:40
the myth about states’ rights persists today.
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주의 κΆŒλ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ―ΏμŒμ€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„ μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
In the aftermath of the war,
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μ „μŸμ˜ μ—¬νŒŒλ‘œ,
03:45
Frederick Douglass and his abolitionist contemporaries
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ν”„λ ˆλ“œλ¦­ λ”κΈ€λΌμŠ€μ™€ λ…Έμ˜ˆν•΄λ°©λ‘ μžμ˜€λ˜ 그의 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€
03:48
feared this erasure of slavery from the history of the Civil War
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남뢁 μ „μŸ μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ₯Ό μ—†μ• λ €λŠ” μ›€μ§μž„ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:52
could contribute to the government’s failure
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ―Έκ΅­ ν‘μΈλ“€μ˜ μΈκΆŒμ„ μ§€μΌœμ£Όμ§€ λͺ»ν•  거라고 λ‘λ €μ›Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
to protect the rights of Black Americansβ€”
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03:56
a fear that has repeatedly been proven valid.
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그리고 κ·Έ 두렀움은 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
03:59
In an 1871 address at Arlington Cemetery, Douglass said:
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1871λ…„ μ•Œλ§ν„΄ κ΅­λ¦½λ¬˜μ§€μ—μ„œμ˜ μ—°μ„€μ—μ„œ λ”κΈ€λΌμŠ€λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
β€œWe are sometimes asked in the name of patriotism
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β€œλ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ• κ΅­μ‹¬μ΄λΌλŠ” λͺ…λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ
04:06
to forget the merits of this fearful struggle,
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이 λ”μ°ν–ˆλ˜ 투쟁의 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μžŠμœΌλΌλŠ” 말을 λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
and to remember with equal admiration those who struck at the nation’s life,
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κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 생λͺ…을 κ³΅κ²©ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 쑴경심을 κ°–κ³  κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
and those who struck to save itβ€”
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κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 생λͺ…을 지킀렀 μ• μ“΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
04:15
those who fought for slavery and those who fought for liberty and justice. [...]
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λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ 폐지, μžμœ μ™€ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš΄ 이듀과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 말이죠.
04:19
if this war is to be forgotten, I ask in the name of all things sacred,
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이 μ „μŸμ΄ μžŠν˜€μ Έμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것이라면 μ‹ μ„±ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€μ˜ μ΄λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
what shall men remember?”
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?”
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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