How high can you count on your fingers? (Spoiler: much higher than 10) - James Tanton

3,467,735 views ・ 2016-12-15

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jinseok Kim κ²€ν† : JaeHoon Lee
μ†κ°€λ½μœΌλ‘œ 숫자λ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆκΉŒμ§€ μ…€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:06
How high can you count on your fingers?
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00:10
It seems like a question with an obvious answer.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ‰¬μš΄ 질문으둜 보일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 손가락을 μ—΄ 개 가지고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:13
After all, most of us have ten fingers,
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00:15
or to be more precise,
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더 μ •ν™•νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄
엄지 두 κ°œμ™€ 손가락 μ—¬λŸ κ°œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
eight fingers and two thumbs.
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00:19
This gives us a total of ten digits on our two hands,
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두 손을 ν•©μΉ˜λ©΄ 손가락이 총 μ—΄ 개고
00:22
which we use to count to ten.
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이λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ 10κΉŒμ§€ 숫자λ₯Ό μ„Έμ£ .
00:24
It's no coincidence that the ten symbols we use in our modern numbering system
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜„λŒ€μ— μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μ—΄ 개의 숫자(digit)와
00:28
are called digits as well.
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손가락(digit)은 같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
But that's not the only way to count.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이게 수λ₯Ό μ„ΈλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 방법은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
In some places, it's customary to go up to twelve on just one hand.
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ν•œ μ†μœΌλ‘œ 숫자λ₯Ό 12κΉŒμ§€ μ„ΈλŠ” 것이 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:38
How?
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00:39
Well, each finger is divided into three sections,
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각 손가락은 μ„Έ μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰˜μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
and we have a natural pointer to indicate each one, the thumb.
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그리고 μ—„μ§€λ‘œ 각자λ₯Ό 가리킬 수 있죠.
00:46
That gives us an easy to way to count to twelve on one hand.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ‰½κ²Œ ν•œ μ†μœΌλ‘œ 숫자λ₯Ό 12κΉŒμ§€ μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
And if we want to count higher,
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더 큰 숫자λ₯Ό μ„Έκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
00:52
we can use the digits on our other hand to keep track of each time we get to twelve,
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μˆ«μžκ°€ 12λ₯Ό λ„˜μ„ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 손 손가락을 ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
up to five groups of twelve, or 60.
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12λ₯Ό λ‹€μ„― 번 μ„Έλ©΄, 60이죠.
01:02
Better yet, let's use the sections on the second hand
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두 번째 손도 첫 번째 μ†μ²˜λŸΌ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
01:05
to count twelve groups of twelve, up to 144.
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12 κ³±ν•˜κΈ° 12, 144κΉŒμ§€ μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
That's a pretty big improvement,
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ꡉμž₯히 큰 λ°œμ „μ΄μ£ .
01:12
but we can go higher by finding more countable parts on each hand.
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μ†μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀뢄을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 더 큰 숫자λ₯Ό μ…€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
For example, each finger has three sections and three creases
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 각 μ†κ°€λ½μ—λŠ” 주름도 μ„Έ κ°œμ”© μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
for a total of six things to count.
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μ…€ λ§Œν•œ 것이 μ—¬μ„― 개 μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
01:23
Now we're up to 24 on each hand,
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그럼 ν•œ μ†μœΌλ‘œ 24κΉŒμ§€ μ…€ 수 있게 되고
01:25
and using our other hand to mark groups of 24
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ν•œ 손을 더 써 24λ₯Ό 24번 μ…€ 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ
01:28
gets us all the way to 576.
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총 576κΉŒμ§€ μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
Can we go any higher?
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더 큰 μˆ˜λ„ λ κΉŒμš”?
01:33
It looks like we've reached the limit of how many different finger parts
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μ†μ—μ„œ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 뢀뢄은
01:36
we can count with any precision.
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더 남지 μ•Šμ€ 것 κ°™μœΌλ‹ˆ
01:38
So let's think of something different.
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μ’€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:40
One of our greatest mathematical inventions
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κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™μ  발λͺ… 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
01:43
is the system of positional notation,
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μœ„μΉ˜ κΈ°μˆ˜λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
where the placement of symbols allows for different magnitudes of value,
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숫자λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μžλ¦¬μ— μ¨μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 방법이죠.
01:50
as in the number 999.
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999λ₯Ό 예둜 λ“€λ©΄
01:53
Even though the same symbol is used three times,
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λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μˆ«μžκ°€ μ„Έ 번 μ“°μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
01:55
each position indicates a different order of magnitude.
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각 μœ„μΉ˜λŠ” 10λ°°μ”© λ‹€λ₯Έ 수λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
So we can use positional value on our fingers to beat our previous record.
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μ†κ°€λ½μœΌλ‘œλ„ 이 μœ„μΉ˜λ³„ 값을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ 더 큰 숫자λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
Let's forget about finger sections for a moment
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μ†κ°€λ½μ˜ 주름은 μž μ‹œ 잊고
02:07
and look at the simplest case of having just two options per finger,
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각 손가락이 두 경우의 수λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œλ˜ 처음의 상황을 λ– μ˜¬λ € λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:12
up and down.
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펴고 μ₯λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:13
This won't allow us to represent powers of ten,
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10의 μ§€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•  순 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
02:16
but it's perfect for the counting system that uses powers of two,
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2의 μ§€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 수 체계에 맀우 μ ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
otherwise known as binary.
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이진법 말이죠.
02:22
In binary, each position has double the value of the previous one,
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μ΄μ§„λ²•μ—μ„œλŠ”, μˆ«μžλ“€μ΄ 자리 λ³„λ‘œ 2λ°°μ”© λ‹€λ₯Έ 값을 κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
so we can assign our fingers values of one,
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각 손가락이 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 수, 1λΆ€ν„°
02:29
two,
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02:30
four,
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02:30
eight,
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8
02:31
all the way up to 512.
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512κΉŒμ§€λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
02:34
And any positive integer, up to a certain limit,
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νŠΉμ • 값보닀 μž‘μ€ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μžμ—°μˆ˜λ„
02:36
can be expressed as a sum of these numbers.
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ ν•©μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œν˜„λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
For example, the number seven is 4+2+1.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 숫자 7은 4 λ”ν•˜κΈ° 2 λ”ν•˜κΈ° 1이죠.
02:43
so we can represent it by having just these three fingers raised.
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각 μˆ˜μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 손가락 μ„Έ 개만 펴면 7을 ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Meanwhile, 250 is 128+64+32+16+8+2.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 예둜 숫자 250은 128+64+32+16+8+2μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
How high an we go now?
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 큰 μˆ˜λŠ”?
02:58
That would be the number with all ten fingers raised, or 1,023.
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μ—΄ 손가락을 μ „λΆ€ νˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜ 수, 1023μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Is it possible to go even higher?
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그것보닀도 큰 수λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:05
It depends on how dexterous you feel.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ†μž¬μ£Όκ°€ μžˆλŠλƒμ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯΄μ£ .
03:07
If you can bend each finger just halfway, that gives us three different states -
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손가락을 반만 접을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, 각 손가락은 μ„Έ 가지 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
down,
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μ ‘κ±°λ‚˜
03:13
half bent,
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반만 μ ‘κ±°λ‚˜
03:14
and raised.
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편 μƒνƒœμ£ .
03:15
Now, we can count using a base-three positional system,
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이제, 삼진법 체계λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
03:19
up to 59,048.
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59,048κΉŒμ§€ μ…€ 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
And if you can bend your fingers into four different states or more,
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λ§Œμ•½ 손가락을 λ„€ 가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒνƒœλ‘œ 접을 수 있으면
03:28
you can get even higher.
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더 큰 숫자λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
That limit is up to you, and your own flexibility and ingenuity.
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κ·Έ ν•œκ³„λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ†κ°€λ½μ˜ 창의적 λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ‹¬λ €μžˆλŠ” μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
03:36
Even with our fingers in just two possible states,
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손가락이 두 가지 μƒνƒœλ§Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ˜ κ²½μš°λ„
03:38
we're already working pretty efficiently.
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 효율적인 방법이긴 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
In fact, our computers are based on the same principle.
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 컴퓨터가 같은 μ›λ¦¬λ‘œ λ™μž‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
03:45
Each microchip consists of tiny electrical switches
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ˜ 칩은 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:48
that can be either on or off,
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κ°μžλŠ” μΌœμ§€κ±°λ‚˜ 꺼질 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
meaning that base-two is the default way they represent numbers.
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이것도 μ—­μ‹œ μ΄μ§„λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 숫자λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:55
And just as we can use this system to count past 1,000 using only our fingers,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 단 μ—΄ 개의 μ†κ°€λ½μœΌλ‘œ 천이 λ„˜λŠ” 숫자λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ“―μ΄
04:00
computers can perform billions of operations
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컴퓨터가 수 μ‹­μ–΅ κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 연산을
04:03
just by counting off 1's and 0's.
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1κ³Ό 0을 μ„ΈλŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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