How do oysters make pearls? - Rob Ulrich

1,473,106 views ใƒป 2022-11-15

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyeryung Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
While most people wouldnโ€™t consider the crusty exterior of an oyster
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๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ตด ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
to be particularly beautiful,
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00:12
opening up this craggy case might reveal an exquisite jewel nestled within.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐํˆด๋‘ํˆดํ•œ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ๋ณด์„์ด ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
00:18
Yet, despite their iridescent colors and smooth shapes,
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์ง„์ฃผ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐฏ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
00:22
pearls are actually made of the exact same material
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฒ‰ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
as the shell that surrounds them.
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00:28
Pearls, urchin spines, the shells of mussels, snails and clams, even coralโ€”
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์ง„์ฃผ, ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์‹œ, ํ™ํ•ฉ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ, ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด์™€ ์กฐ๊ฐœ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊นŒ์ง€
00:34
all these structures are made out of the same chemical compound:
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
calcium carbonate.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํƒ„์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
So, how does this single ingredient form such a vast array of materials?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
00:47
Calcium carbonate, or CaCO3, is common on land,
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ํƒ„์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜ ํ˜น์€ CaCO3์€ ์œก์ง€์—์„œ ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:51
and even more bountiful in the sea.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
The Earthโ€™s crust is rich in calcium,
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์ง€๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์นผ์Š˜์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:57
and over millennia these deposits have seeped into rivers and oceans.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋…น์•„๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
This is especially true near hydrothermal vents,
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ๊ณณ์€ ์—ด์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ณต ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ธ๋ฐ
01:05
where hot seawater mingles with calcium rich basalts.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์นผ์Š˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์ด ์„ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:10
Meanwhile, when carbon dioxide in the air interacts with seawater
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01:14
it eventually produces dissolved carbonate.
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์šฉ์กด ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Every year, the ocean absorbs roughly one third of our carbon dioxide emissions,
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๋งค๋…„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์‚ผ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:23
adding huge quantities of carbonate into the water.
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ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋ฌผ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์ด ๋…น์•„๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Itโ€™s no surprise that sea creatures have made use of these abundant compounds,
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ํ•ด์ € ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
but the way calcium and carbonate are woven together into various shapes
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฎ์—ฌ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€
01:37
is surprisingly artful.
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Letโ€™s return to the humble oyster.
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๋ณด์ž˜๊ฒƒ์—†๋Š” ๊ตด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:42
Like many aquatic mollusks, oysters start life as exposed larvae,
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์ˆ˜์ƒ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ๊ตด๋„ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด
01:47
and quickly get to work building a protective shell.
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
First, an organ called the mantle secretes an organic matrix
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์šฐ์„  ์™ธํˆฌ๋ง‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:54
of proteins and other molecules to construct a scaffold.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Then, the oyster filters the seawater,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์„ ์—ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์„œ
02:01
drawing out calcium and carbonate to combine them into its building material.
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๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
It lays this material over the scaffold,
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๊ตด์€ ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์œ„๋กœ ์Œ“๋Š”๋ฐ
02:09
which is covered in charged proteins that attract and guide
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๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์€ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
the calcium carbonate molecules into layers.
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02:16
The specific arrangement of these protein scaffolds depends on the mollusk species
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์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
and their environment,
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02:22
accounting for their vast diversity of shell shapes, sizes, and colors.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ƒ‰๊น”๋„ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ฃ .
02:28
Mollusks carefully control all components of their calcium carbonate creationsโ€”
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์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์€ ํƒ„์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
even manipulating CaCO3 at the molecular level.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด CaCO3๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ฃ .
02:38
Using special proteins,
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์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์€ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
02:39
mollusks can produce two crystal structures out of CaCO3:
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ํƒ„์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
calcite and aragonite.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Both of these compounds have the same chemical composition,
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๋‘ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
02:50
but different qualities due to the way their crystal lattices are arranged.
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๊ฒฐ์ •๊ฒฉ์ž ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Calcite is the more stable of the two and less prone to dissolving over time,
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๋ฐฉํ•ด์„์€ ๋” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋„ ์ž˜ ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
so most mollusk shells have a sturdy outer layer of calcite.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ธต์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:04
As the slightly more soluble molecule,
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์‚ฐ์„์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋…น๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋ผ์„œ
03:07
aragonite can better adapt to more or less acidic environments.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋” ์ ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
So most mollusk shells have an interior layer of aragonite
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ ์ธต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
03:15
to maintain their internal pH level.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
But one form of aragonite is stronger and more versatile than the rest:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์„ ์ค‘์—์„œ
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
nacre.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Mollusks make this special material by placing successive layers of aragonite
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์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฐ์„๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ต์ฐจํ•ด ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
03:30
interspersed with proteins.
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
These layers are stacked like hexagonal bricks,
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์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์œก๊ฐํ˜• ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ๋ฐ
03:35
each surrounded by other organic material that directs their orientation.
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๊ฐ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์ธต์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ •๋ ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The uniform layering and brick-like structure of nacre
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์˜ ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
03:44
is key to its signature iridescence.
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์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ•œ ์ง„์ฃผ ๊ด‘ํƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
The layers are similar in thickness to the wavelength of visible light,
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๋‚ด์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„ ์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ
03:51
so the light reflecting from its interior surface
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์•ˆ์ชฝ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๋น›๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๋น›์ด
03:54
interferes with the light reflecting from the outer surface.
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
When particles of light strike the nacre,
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๊ด‘์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฉด
04:01
they bounce around its multilayered crystalline structure
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๋‹ค์ธต ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ
04:05
in a cascade of shifting rainbows.
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๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
But nacre isnโ€™t just prettyโ€”
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์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:10
itโ€™s one of the strongest and lightest biomaterials we know of.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And it's not just oysters that produce it.
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์ง„์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ตด ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
In fact, numerous mollusk species deploy nacre
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
04:21
as one of their primary defense mechanisms.
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์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
If an intruding parasite or even a stray particle of sand irritates the mantle,
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์นจ์ž… ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์™ธํˆฌ๋ง‰์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋ฉด
04:29
the mollusk will coat the offender in nacre-producing cells
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์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ด ์นจ์ž…์ž๋“ค ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง„์ฃผ์ธต ์ƒ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ 
04:33
to form whatโ€™s known as a pearl sac.
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์ง„์ฃผ๋‚ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
These cells wrap the threat in layers of proteins and aragonite
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์ง„์ฃผ์ธต ์ƒ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์นจ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์„ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ 
04:41
until eventually the cocoon completely absorbs the invaderโ€”
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ง„์ฃผ๋‚ญ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
dissolving the threat into an opalescent sphere of nacre.
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์œ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋™๊ทธ๋ž€ ์ง„์ฃผ์ธต์ด ์ ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:51
This defense mechanism is our leading theory for mollusks making pearls;
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์–ด ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง„์ฃผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:56
transforming everyday intruders into timeless treasures.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์นจ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ์˜ ๋ณด๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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