This weird trick will help you summon an army of worms - Kenny Coogan

1,232,898 views ・ 2022-07-26

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seohee Kim κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
In the middle of Florida’s Apalachicola National Forest,
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ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ” μ•„νŒ”λΌμΉ˜μ½œλΌ ꡭ유림 ν•œκ°€μš΄λ°,
00:11
a bizarre, almost magical scene is unraveling.
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κΈ°μ΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 거의 λ§ˆλ²• 같은 μž₯면이 νŽΌμ³μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
Sliding a metal strip over a wooden stake,
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ν•œ 지렁이 μ†Œν™˜ μž₯인이 κΈˆμ† λ§‰λŒ€λ₯Ό λ‚˜λ¬΄ 말뚝 μœ„μ— λ¬ΈλŒ€μ„œ
00:18
a master summoner is sending deep croaking noises reverberating through the area.
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ꡡ게 β€˜λΌμ΅β€™ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 주변에 울렀 νΌμ§€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
And, as if in a trance,
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그러자 마치 홀리기라도 ν•œ λ“―,
00:26
hundreds of earthworms begin emerging from the soil.
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지렁이 수백 λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ λ•…μ†μ—μ„œ 올라였기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
00:30
This is worm grunting, also called worm charming or fiddling.
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λ°”λ‘œ β€˜μ§€λ μ΄ μ•“λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬β€™μ˜ˆμš”.
β€˜μ§€λ μ΄ λ§€ν˜Ήν•˜κΈ°β€˜, ν˜Ήμ€ β€˜μ†μ΄κΈ°β€™λΌκ³ λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
00:34
It’s a tradition that’s been practiced for more than a century,
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μ΄λŠ” ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ° λ„˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€λ˜μ–΄ 온 μ „ν†΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
but its inner workings were a mystery until only recently.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 내막은 μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€λ„ μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
00:42
Worms collectively undertaking an underground exodus
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특히, 지렁이듀이 μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ 지상 νƒˆμΆœμ„ κ°ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이
00:45
seems especially unbelievable when you consider how vulnerable this makes them.
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지렁이λ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ 믿기지 μ•ŠλŠ” 일이죠.
00:50
So why is surfacing worth the risk?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, μ™œ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜λ©° λ•… μœ„λ‘œ μ˜¬λΌμ˜€λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:54
Over the years, people have proposed a number of imaginative hypotheses.
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μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 창의적인 κ°€μ„€ λͺ‡ 가지λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
One was that worms were somehow charmed by the noise,
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 지렁이가 왠지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ²Œ μ†Œλ¦¬μ— λ§€ν˜Ήλœλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:02
like the rats from the medieval Pied Piper legend.
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μ€‘μ„Έμ˜ 피리 λΆ€λŠ” μ‚¬λ‚˜μ΄μ— ν™€λ Έλ˜ μ₯λ“€μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
01:05
Okay, sounds fun, but how would the worms actually become bewitched?
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예, ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ΅°μš”.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 지렁이가 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™€λ¦¬κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:11
Another hypothesis was that worm grunting tickled their bodies,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 가섀은 지렁이 μ•“λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ μ§€λ μ΄μ˜ λͺΈμ„ κ°„μ§€λŸ½νžˆκΈ°μ—,
01:15
so they emerged to end the aggravation.
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이 고톡을 끝내렀고 λ•… μœ„λ‘œ μ˜¬λΌμ˜¨λ‹€κ³  ν•΄μš”.
01:18
Whimsical!
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κΈ°λ°œν•˜λ„€μš”!
01:20
But worm grunting vibrates the ground’s surface.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 지렁이 μ•“λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” λ•…μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ„ μ§„λ™ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
If worms were evading the vibrations, wouldn't they burrow deeper instead?
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λ§Œμ•½ 진동을 ν”Όν•˜λ €λŠ” 거라면,
였히렀 λ•…μ†μœΌλ‘œ 더 깊이 νŒŒκ³ λ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:28
Perhaps the most popular hypothesis was that worm grunting mimicked falling rain
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ°€μž₯ 인기 μžˆλŠ” 가섀은, 지렁이 μ•“λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λΉ—μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄
01:33
and the worms fled to avoid drowning.
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지렁이가 읡사λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜λ €κ³  νƒˆμΆœν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:36
In 2008, biologist Kenneth Catania tested this hypothesis,
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μž μΌ€λ„€μŠ€ μΉ΄νƒ€λ‹ˆμ•„κ°€ 2008년에 이 가섀을 μ‹œν—˜ν•΄λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
01:40
setting up three arenas filled with soil
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용기 μ„Έ 개λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ 흙을 λ‹΄κ³ 
01:42
and 300 individuals of the large species of earthworm
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ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ£Ό νŒ¬ν•Έλ“€μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ λŒ€ν˜• 지렁이 300마리λ₯Ό μ±„μ›Œ λ„£μ—ˆμ£ .
01:45
found in the Florida Panhandle.
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01:47
After an hour of rain, water had pooled at the surface,
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1μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ λΉ„λ₯Ό 뿌리자, 흙 ν‘œλ©΄μ— 물이 κ³ μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
01:51
but only two earthworms emerged.
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였직 두 마리만이 μœ„λ‘œ μ˜¬λΌμ™”μ–΄μš”.
01:53
The rest remained buried and healthy.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μƒνƒœλ‘œ 계속 땅속에 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ μš”.
01:56
So, unlike those containers, this hypothesis just didn’t hold water.
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μ‹€ν—˜ μš©κΈ°λ“€μ€ νŠΌνŠΌν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 이 κ°€μ„€μ—” λΉˆν‹ˆμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
02:02
Catania decided to explore another route of inquiry.
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μΉ΄νƒ€λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
In 1881, Charles Darwin published his final work,
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1881λ…„, 찰슀 λ‹€μœˆμ΄ 그의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ €μ„œλ₯Ό μΆœκ°„ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
02:09
a bestseller that rivaled his most well-known books at the time:
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λ‹ΉλŒ€μ— κ°€μž₯ 널리 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있던 μžμ‹ μ΄ μ“΄ β€œμ’…μ˜ κΈ°μ›β€œμ˜ κ²½μŸμž‘,
02:13
β€œThe Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms,
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β€œμ§€λ μ΄μ˜ ν™œλ™κ³Ό λΆ„λ³€ν† μ˜ ν˜•μ„±, 그리고 μŠ΅μ„± κ΄€μ°°β€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
with Observations on their Habits.”
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02:20
Yes, it was literally called thatβ€”
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예, μ§„μ§œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λΆˆλ Έμ–΄μš”.
02:22
and it was the culmination of 40 years of earthworm investigations.
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40λ…„κ°„μ˜ 지렁이 연ꡬ에 정점을 찍은 μ €μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
02:26
Within it, Darwin noted that worms sometimes left their burrows
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ, λ‹€μœˆμ€ 지렁이가 가끔 ꡴을 λΉ μ Έλ‚˜μ˜¨λ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
when the ground trembled and mentioned an interesting hypothesis:
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땅이 흔듀릴 λ•Œ 말이죠.
그리곀 ν₯미둜운 가섀을 κ±°λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
maybe they flee because they believe they’re being pursued by moles.
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ 지렁이가 두더지에 μ«“κΈ°λŠ” 쀄 μ•Œκ³  λŒ€ν”Όν•˜λŠ” 것일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³ μš”.
02:39
Catania got to work testing this hypothesis himself.
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μΉ΄νƒ€λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” 이 가섀을 직접 μ‹œν—˜ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμ£ .
02:43
He found that Eastern moles had astounding tracking abilities,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 건, 동뢀 λ‘λ”μ§€λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ 좔적 λŠ₯λ ₯이 있고,
02:47
could eat their weight in worms every day,
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맀일 자기 λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œλ§ŒνΌ 지렁이λ₯Ό 먹으며,
02:49
and were abundant in the Florida Panhandle.
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ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ£Ό νŒ¬ν•Έλ“€μ— 많이 μ„œμ‹ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:52
When Catania released a single mole into worm- and soil-filled arenas,
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μΉ΄νƒ€λ‹ˆμ•„κ°€ 두더지 ν•œ 마리λ₯Ό 흙과 지렁이λ₯Ό μ±„μš΄ μš©κΈ°μ— ν’€μ–΄μ£Όμž,
02:57
about 30% of the worms crawled to the surface in the first hourβ€”
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ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ§Œμ— μ§€λ μ΄μ˜ μ•½ 30%κ°€ 흙 ν‘œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΄ μ˜¬λΌμ™”μ–΄μš”.
03:01
a markedly different result from the control and rain trials.
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μ•žμ„œ λΉ„λ₯Ό 뿌렸던 μ‹€ν—˜κ³Ό ν˜„μ €νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όμ˜€μ£ .
03:06
And when he recorded the vibrations produced
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또 지렁이 μ•“λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚΄λŠ” 진동과
03:08
by worm grunters and moles digging,
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두더지가 땅을 νŒ” λ•Œμ˜ 진동을 κΈ°λ‘ν•΄λ΄€λŠ”λ°,
03:10
their frequencies overlapped substantially.
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λ‘˜μ˜ μ£ΌνŒŒμˆ˜κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 많이 κ²Ήμ³€μ–΄μš”.
03:13
This was it.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ±°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Over hundreds of thousands of years,
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μˆ˜μ‹­λ§Œ 년이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
03:17
these earthworms evolved a behavior that helped them escape a top predator.
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μ§€λ μ΄λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ ν¬μ‹μžμ—κ²Œμ„œ 달아날 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ§„ν™”ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Aboveground, they were immune to the moles,
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λ•… μœ„λŠ” λ‘λ”μ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ•ˆμ „ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
which usually stayed subterranean.
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λ‘λ”μ§€λŠ” 주둜 땅속에 μ„œμ‹ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:26
But then humans came along.
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그런데 이제 인간이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μ£ .
03:29
And, funnily enough, we aren’t even the only ones
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그리고 λœ»λ°–μ—λ„ μ§€λ μ΄μ˜ 이런 μŠ΅μ„±μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 건 μΈκ°„λ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.,
03:32
that take advantage of this behavior.
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03:34
Herring gulls and wood turtles also sometimes drum their feet on the earth
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μž¬κ°ˆλ§€κΈ°μ™€ λ‚˜λ¬΄κ±°λΆμ΄ μ—­μ‹œ
λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ λ°œμ„ 땅에 κ΅΄λŸ¬μ„œ 지렁이λ₯Ό λΆˆλŸ¬λ‚΄μ£ .
03:38
to summon worms.
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03:39
So then why does this behavior persist?
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그러면 이런 행동은 μ™œ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
03:42
Scientists think it’s beneficial for a prey species
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€, 사λƒ₯감에겐 이 편이 이득이라고 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
to maintain its adaptations against a more frequent predator,
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더 자주 λ§ˆμ£ΌμΉ˜λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžμ— 맞좘 λŒ€μ‘ 방식을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
03:48
even if it makes it more vulnerable to a rarer one.
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μ„€λ Ή 더 λ“œλ¬Όκ²Œ λ§ˆμ£ΌμΉ˜λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžμ—κ² 더 μœ„ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆλ”λΌλ„μš”.
03:52
Many insects, for example, use flight to avoid predation.
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λ§Žμ€ 곀좩은 ν¬μ‹μžλ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜κ³ μž 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚ μ•„κ°€ 버리죠.
03:56
But painted redstarts take advantage of this:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 뢉은 λ”±μƒˆλŠ” 이 점을 μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
they boldly flash their colorful tail and wing feathers to elicit this response,
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ν™”λ €ν•œ 꼬리와 λ‚ κ°œ 깃털을 마ꡬ 흔듀어 벌레의 비행을 μœ λ„ν•˜κ³ 
04:03
then catch the insects as they try to fly away.
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λ²Œλ ˆκ°€ λ‚ μ•„μ˜€λ₯Ό λ•Œ μž‘μ•„λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
It seems the prey species’ response remains
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사λƒ₯κ°λ“€μ˜ λŒ€μ‘ 방식이 μœ μ§€λ˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
04:10
simply because it’s beneficial most of the time.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 보톡은 μžμ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ 더 이득이기 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
For over a century, humans in the southern US, the UK, and elsewhere
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ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ λ„˜λ„λ‘, λ―Έκ΅­ 남뢀, 영ꡭ 등지에 μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:17
have been unknowingly exploiting the worm’s escape response.
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μ§€λ μ΄μ˜ νƒˆμΆœ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
The current world record for β€œmost worms charmed”
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β€˜κ°€μž₯ 많이 홀린 μ§€λ μ΄β€™μ˜ ν˜„μž¬ 세계 기둝은
04:25
was set by a 10-year-old British girl in 2009.
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2009년에 μ—΄ μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ 영ꡭ μ†Œλ…€κ°€ λ‹¬μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
Wiggling a fork in the ground and hitting it with a stick,
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κ°ˆν€΄λ₯Ό 땅에 μ‘€μ…” λ„£κ³ μ„  이λ₯Ό λ§‰λŒ€κΈ°λ‘œ μ³μ„œ,
04:31
she made 567 worms surface in just 30 minutes.
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단 30λΆ„ λ§Œμ— 지렁이 567마리λ₯Ό λ•… μœ„λ‘œ λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ Έμ£ .
04:37
Charming, really.
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정말 λ§ˆλ²• κ°™λ„€μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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