Why were scientists so obsessed with these frogs? - Carly Anne York

186,697 views ใƒป 2023-09-21

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dani Cha ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hyeryung Kim
00:07
From the 1930s well into the 1960s,
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1930๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1960๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
00:11
pregnancy testing required a slippery piece of equipment:
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์ž„์‹  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋Œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
a female African clawed frog.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•”์ปท ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
For decades, hospitals and research labs around the world
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ฐ€
์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ ,
00:23
had a trusted supply of these handy amphibians,
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00:26
employing their help in testing for pregnancy
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์ž„์‹  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
and in numerous other scientific endeavors.
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00:32
So, what makes these phenomenal frogs so special?
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:36
The remarkable features of the African clawed frog
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์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:39
have fascinated researchers since the 19th century.
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
We often think of frogs as hopping around to snatch up bugs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ˜€๋กœ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„
00:46
with their lengthy tongues.
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์žก์•„๋จน๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
But this water-dwelling species is almost exclusively aquatic,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ƒ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:53
having adapted primarily for swimming rather than crawling or jumping.
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๊ธฐ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋จผ์ € ์ ์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Weirder still, African clawed frogs have no tongues at all.
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๋” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑด, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜€๊ฐ€ ์•„์˜ˆ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Instead, they suck food directly into their mouths
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๊ทธ๋Œ€์‹  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋นจ์•„๋จน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:05
or use their hands to catch larger animals
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์†์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋” ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์žก์•„์„œ
01:08
which they tear apart with powerful hind claws.
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋’ท ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐข์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
To help get close to their prey,
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
01:14
their smooth skin can quickly change color to blend into their surroundings.
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์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
This camouflage ability was particularly interesting to a trio of biologists
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1920๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž ์„ธ ๋ช…์ด
01:25
in South Africa during the 1920s.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„์žฅ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ํŠนํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Hillel Shapiro, Harry Zwarenstein, and their teacher, Lancelot Hogben,
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ํžˆ์—˜ ์ƒคํ”ผ๋กœ, ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ์ฆˆ๋ฐ”๋ Œ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์Šค์Šน์ธ ๋ž€์Šฌ๋กฏ ํ˜น๋ฒค์€
01:33
were researching what role the pituitary gland,
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ž
01:36
a small region of the frogโ€™s brain,
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š”
01:37
might play in the color changing mechanism.
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๋‡Œํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Removing the gland altogether impaired the frogsโ€™ ability to camouflage.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„์žฅ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
But when Hogben injected them with a pituitary extract derived from an ox,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜น๋ฒค์ด ํ™ฉ์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ๋‡Œํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒด ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜์ž
01:50
he found an even more surprising resultโ€”
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๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
the frogs began laying eggs.
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:57
Normally, African clawed frogs only release eggs
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์›๋ž˜๋Œ€๋กœ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:00
when a male frog is nearby to fertilize them.
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์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:03
But this ox hormone triggered their ovulation without the presence of a male.
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์ด ํ™ฉ์†Œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท ์—†์ด๋„ ์•”์ปท์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ž€์„ ์•ž๋‹น๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And this process gave the researchers an idea.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
They knew there was a chemical similarity between the ox hormone
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™ฉ์†Œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ์ž„์‹ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด
02:15
and a hormone found in the urine of pregnant peopleโ€”
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ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:19
a compound we know today as the chorionic gonadotropin hormone, or hCG.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œต๋ชจ์„ฑ ์ƒ์‹์„  ์ž๊ทน ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜น์€ hCG๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:26
In pregnancy tests of the day,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ž„์‹  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:28
animals like mice and rabbits were injected with human urine
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ฅ์™€ ํ† ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
02:32
as a way of testing for the presence of hCG.
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hCG๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
However, this required multiple days of injections,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:38
as well as killing and dissecting the animals
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:41
to see whether the hormone was present.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Because of these hurdles, the test was reserved for specific use cases,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—๋งŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:48
leaving most people waiting for visible signs to determine if they were pregnant.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ž„์‹  ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
But these frogs changed everything.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
02:56
They responded to hCG in roughly 9 hours with no need for dissection.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ 9์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉด hCG์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
And since their large ovaries constantly generate eggs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ํฐ ๋‚œ์†Œ๋กœ ์•Œ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
03:05
they could participate in numerous tests over their 15 to 30 year lifespan.
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15๋…„์—์„œ 30๋…„์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Better still, these frogs were abundant in their native habitat,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์„œ์‹์ง€์— ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
03:14
making them easy to find, catch, and export.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ์žก์•„ ํฌํšํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Before long, tens of thousands of African clawed frogs
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:21
were being shipped to hospitals all over the world,
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๋จธ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ๊ณ 
03:24
making reliable pregnancy tests widely available for the first time.
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์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ž„์‹  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
In the 1970s, the frogs would be superseded by chemical tests
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1970๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ hCG๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:33
that detected hCG directly.
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ํ™”ํ•™ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
But by then their widespread presence in laboratories
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€
03:38
had made African clawed frogs the star of numerous studies.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์˜ ์Šคํƒ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Their rapid development and ability to produce eggs in any season
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์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:46
made them invaluable models for developmental biology.
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
African clawed frogs have even been part of biological studies
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๋ ค ์šฐ์ฃผ ์™•๋ณต์„ ์˜
03:54
aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
However, frogs can be slippery subjects.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
More than a few of these amphibians have escaped their laboratory enclosures,
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์ ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:05
and in many places,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
04:06
their ferocious appetite allowed them to outcompete native amphibians.
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์ง€๋…ํ•œ ์‹์š• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ† ์ข… ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
To make matters worse,
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:12
they often carry a deadly fungus called chytrid,
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์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ โ€˜ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋“œโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:15
which can cause an infection that lethally disrupts
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—
04:18
the delicate functioning of amphibian skin.
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
In the 20th century, this fungal infection has devastated amphibian populations
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”, ์ด ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
04:27
around the globe,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:28
causing the extinction of multiple frog species.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Because of all these concerns,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:33
the African clawed frog is now classified as an invasive species,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์นจ์ž…์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ,
04:38
and illegal in many regions.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
So in the end, like other pregnancy tests,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž„์‹  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:43
the use of these frogs in scientific research
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
04:46
has had both positive and negative results.
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๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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