The amazing ways plants defend themselves - Valentin Hammoudi

4,227,043 views

2017-08-28 ใƒป TED-Ed


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The amazing ways plants defend themselves - Valentin Hammoudi

4,227,043 views ใƒป 2017-08-28

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์ฃผ์˜ ๊น€ ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
This is a tomato plant,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
and this is an aphid slowly killing the tomato plant
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์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์ด ์žŽ์—์„œ ์ง„์•ก์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์—ฌ
00:12
by sucking the juice out of its leaves.
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ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:16
The tomato is putting up a fight using both physical and chemical defenses
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ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:20
to repel the attacking insects.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:24
But that's not all.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
The tomato is also releasing compounds that signal nearby tomato plants
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๋˜ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•ด ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:29
to release their own insect repellent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Plants are constantly under attack.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
They face threats ranging from microscopic fungi and bacteria,
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:40
small herbivores, like aphids, caterpillars, and grasshoppers,
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์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ, ๋งค๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ, ๋ฉ”๋šœ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณค์ถฉ๊ณผ
00:44
up to large herbivores, like tortoises, koalas, and elephants.
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด, ์ฝ”์•Œ๋ผ, ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฐ ์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
All are looking to devour plants to access the plentiful nutrients
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์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„๊ณผ
00:54
and water in their leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds.
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์žŽ, ์ค„๊ธฐ, ์—ด๋งค์™€ ์”จ์•—์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
But plants are ready with a whole series of internal and external defenses
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
that make them a much less appealing meal,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋จน์„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:06
or even a deadly one.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ƒ๋ช…์— ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Plants' defenses start at their surface.
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
The bark covering tree trunks is full of lignin,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ๋„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ชธํ†ต์€ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
a rigid web of compounds that's tough to chew
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๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋‹Œ์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์”น๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ,
01:19
and highly impermeable to pathogens.
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๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Leaves are protected by a waxy cuticle
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์žŽ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์™์Šค์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
that deters insects and microbes.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์™€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹จ๋…์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Some plants go a step further with painful structures
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:33
to warn would-be predators.
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์˜ˆ๋น„ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Thorns, spines, and prickles discourage bigger herbivores.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹จ๋…์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
To deal with smaller pests, some plants' leaves have sharp hair-like structures
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๋” ์ž‘์€ ์œ ํ•ด๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์žŽ์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌํ„ธ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด
01:46
called trichomes.
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๊ฒนํ„ธ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
The kidney bean plant sports tiny hooks to stab the feet of bed bugs
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๊ฐ•๋‚ญ์ฝฉ์€ ํ•ด์ถฉ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต์ถฉ์„ ์ฐŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:53
and other insects.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฐˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
In some species, trichomes also dispense chemical irritants.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒนํ„ธ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ž๊ทน์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Stinging nettles release a mixture of histamine and other toxins
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์๊ธฐํ’€์€ ํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
that cause pain and inflammation when touched.
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์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด, ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
For other plant species, the pain comes after an herbivore's first bite.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์”น์œผ๋ฉด ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Spinach,
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02:16
kiwi fruit,
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์‹œ๊ธˆ์น˜,
ํ‚ค์œ„,
02:17
pineapple,
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ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ.
02:18
fuchsia
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ํ›„ํฌ์‹œ์•„,
02:19
and rhubarb all produce microscopic needle-shaped crystals called raphides.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™ฉ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์นจ์ƒ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š˜๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
They can cause tiny wounds in the inside of animals' mouths,
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์ด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž… ์•ˆ์— ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
which create entry points for toxins.
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๋˜ ๋…์ด ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
The mimosa plant has a strategy designed to prevent herbivores
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๋ฏธ๋ชจ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จนํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
02:40
from taking a bite at all.
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์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Specialized mechanoreceptor cells detect touch
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์ „๋ฌธํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:45
and shoot an electrical signal through the leaflet to its base
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์€ ์žŽ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ์˜์•„๋ณด๋‚ด์–ด,
02:51
causing cells there to release charged particles.
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜์ „๋œ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
The buildup of charge draws water out of these cells
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์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์ถ•์ ์€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:58
and they shrivel, pulling the leaflet closed.
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์›€์ธ ๋ ค๋“ค๊ฒŒํ•˜์—ฌ ์žŽ์„ ๋‹ซ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
The folding movement scares insects away
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์ด ๋™์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ฃผ์–ด ๋‹ฌ์•„๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
and the shrunken leaves look less appealing to larger animals.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ผ๋“  ์žŽ์€ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
If these external defenses are breached,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์นจํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:12
the plant immune system springs into action.
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Plants don't have a separate immune system like animals.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Instead, every cell has the ability to detect and defend against invaders.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์นจ๋žต์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ‰์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Specialized receptors can recognize molecules that signal the presence
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:30
of dangerous microbes or insects.
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ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
In response, the immune system initiates a battery of defensive maneuvers.
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์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ž‘์ „์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
To prevent more pathogens from making their way inside,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
03:42
the waxy cuticle thickens and cell walls get stronger.
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์™์Šค ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ , ์„ธํ‘œ๋ฒฝ๋„ ๋” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Guard cells seal up pores in the leaves.
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์ „์ง€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ณต์„ ๋ง‰์•„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
And if microbes are devouring one section of the plant,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:55
those cells can self-destruct to quarantine the infection.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๋ฉธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Compounds toxic to microbes and insects are also produced,
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
often tailor-made for a specific threat.
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์ข…์ข… ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Many of the plant molecules that humans have adopted
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์กฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ
04:12
as drugs, medicines and seasonings
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์˜จ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€
04:15
evolved as part of plants' immune systems because they're antimicrobial,
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์— ํ–ฅ๊ท ํšจ๊ณผ์™€
04:20
or insecticidal.
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์‚ด์ถฉํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
An area of a plant under attack can alert other regions using hormones,
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
airborne compounds,
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ,
04:29
or even electrical signals.
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๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ,
04:32
When other parts of the plant detect these signals,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:34
they ramp up production of defensive compounds.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์  ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
And for some species, like tomatoes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…์€
04:40
this early warning system also alerts their neighbors.
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์ด ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์›ƒ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Some plants can even recruit allies to adopt a strong offense
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„ํฌ์‹์ž์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
04:49
against their would-be attackers.
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๋™๋งน์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Cotton plants under siege by caterpillars
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ชฉํ™”๋Š”
04:55
release a specific cocktail of ten to twelve chemicals into the air.
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10,12๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํŠน์ • ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
This mixture attracts parasitic wasps that lay eggs inside the caterpillars.
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์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ง๋ฒŒ์„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Plants may not be able to flee the scene of an attack,
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋„๋ง ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
05:12
or fight off predators with teeth and claws,
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์ด๋นจ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
but with sturdy armor,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๊ฐ‘์˜ท,
05:16
a well-stocked chemical arsenal,
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์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋น„๋œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌด๊ธฐ,
05:19
a neighborhood watch,
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋Œ€,
05:20
and cross-species alliances,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์„ ๋„˜์€ ๋™๋งน์œผ๋กœ
05:23
a plant isn't always an easy meal.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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