What you can do with an extra jaw - Darien Satterfield

335,614 views ใƒป 2021-06-29

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soohyun Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:07
After stalking an unsuspecting cuttlefish across the seafloor,
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ ์ฑ„ ํ•ด์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์˜ค์ง•์–ด์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ ๋์—
00:12
this moray eel is finally ready to pounce.
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์ด ๊ณฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ๋ฎ์น  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
As the eel snags the mollusk in its long teeth,
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๊ณฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธด ์ด๋นจ๋กœ ๋‚š์•„์ฑ„๋ฉด
00:19
its prey struggles to escape.
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๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์€ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
But before it can wriggle away,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:23
a second set of teeth lunge from the eel's throat,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋นจ์ด ๊ณฐ์น˜์˜ ๋ชฉ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™€
00:27
making short work of the captive cuttlefish.
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๋ถ™์žกํžŒ ๊ฐ‘์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์น˜์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:31
This adaptation is called a pharyngeal jaw.
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์ด ์ ์‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And while it might seem more fitting for an alien parasite than a fish,
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์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์–ด์šธ๋ ค๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:39
it's actually one of the most common adaptations under the sea.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ ์‘๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
At some point millions of years ago,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:47
early fish evolved a jointed oral jaw from one of the bony arches
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์•ž ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์น˜ํ˜•์˜ ๋ผˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ
00:52
that supported their frontal gills.
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๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
This exterior, oral jaw was perfect for capturing or chewing prey,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ„ฑ์€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์”น๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:00
but these early fish had a problem.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
They had no limbs to manipulate food while eating,
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋จน๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:06
making it easy for their mobile prey to escape
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์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
before they took the first bite.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ž… ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:11
Essentially, it was impossible for fish to capture and chew their prey
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์”น๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:16
at the same time with just one set of jaws.
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๋™์‹œ์— ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
So to hold their food and eat it too,
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:23
an even deeper gill arch evolved into a secondary set of jaws.
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๋” ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ณณ์˜ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ ๊ถ์ด ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ ์ธ ํ„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Unlike oral jaws connected by a bone joint,
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๋ผˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
01:32
these pharyngeal jaws were suspended in muscle,
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์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์€ ๊ทผ์œก์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:36
offering them a wide range of motion to turn, tug, and tear on food.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์ฐข๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Some pharyngeal jaws actively chew,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์”น๊ณ 
01:45
while others retract to pull chunks of food down the throat.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์‹ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Of course, the teeth a jaw has also factor in here.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด๋นจ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
For example, an oral jaw with fangs is exceptional for catching and holding
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์ด๋นจ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ„ฑ์€
๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์žก๋Š” ๋ฐ ํƒ์›”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
on to fast-moving prey.
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02:02
But depending on what that prey is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:05
a fish might want sharp pharyngeal teeth to tear through tissue,
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์กฐ์ง์„ ์ฐข์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์ด๋นจ์ด๋‚˜
02:10
flat pharyngeal molars to grind plant matter,
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋นป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์–ด๊ธˆ๋‹ˆ,
02:13
or a powerful pharyngeal bite to crush shelled prey.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ป์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์ธ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Fortunately some fishes can change their secondary teeth
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
02:22
to match a new diet over several years.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋จน์ด์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ด๋นจ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
This flexibility allows fish to adapt
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐํ•จ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:29
and find food in a huge variety of aquatic environments.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Some pharyngeal jaws have formed to eat food too hard for most fishes.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ„ฑ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋จน๊ธฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
California Sheephead use pointed teeth from their oral jaws
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋†€๋ž˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
02:42
to pry urchins off rocks before crushing their spiny exteriors
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:47
in strong pharyngeal jaws that have fused with the bones of their skulls.
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๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ„ฑ์˜ ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ์ด๋นจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋–ผ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Other fish prioritize eating huge quantities of food.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
The pharyngeal jaws of grass carp have two bone components
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์ดˆ์–ด์˜ ์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ผˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:01
that move in unison to pull plant life into their stomachs,
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹๋ฌผ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์œ„์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด
03:06
consuming over 18 kilograms of seaweed a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 18kg ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Other pharyngeal jaws are adapted to suit incredibly specific circumstances.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Consider this species of pearlfish that lives inside sea cucumbers
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์ˆจ์ด๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
ํ•ด์‚ผ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด์‚ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์ฃ .
03:21
and feeds on their guts.
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03:24
Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:26
with over 30,000 unique species,
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30,000์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
and much of that diversity is due to the hundreds of unique jaws
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
separating otherwise identical species.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…์ด์—ˆ์„ ํ…Œ์ฃ .
03:37
Perhaps the best example of this dental diversity can be seen in cichlids.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋นจ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์‹œํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
This family of fish is primarily found in select African and South American lakes.
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์‹œํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Typically, large lakes like these would be occupied
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฐ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š”
๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์ ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:52
by a handful of distantly related species,
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03:55
each adapted to consume one of the lake's limited food sources.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ข…์€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๋จน์ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ ์‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
But here, almost every corner of the ecosystem
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„๊นŒ์ง€
04:03
is occupied by a different species of cichlid.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ์‹œํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
There are over 1,700 cichlid species,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ 1,700์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋“ค์€
04:10
many almost identical save for their uniquely adapted jaws
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ข…์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จน์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ„ฑ์„ ์ ์‘์‹œ์ผœ
04:15
which have evolved to eat crustaceans, mollusks, worms, algae, plankton,
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๊ฐ‘๊ฐ๋ฅ˜, ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฅ˜, ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ, ์กฐ๋ฅ˜, ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:21
and even the scales of other fish.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„๋Š˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์ฃ .
04:24
These oral adaptations are so essential for survival,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์ ์‘์€ ์ƒ์กด์—๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
that different species use their pharyngeal jaws
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋‘ํ„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:30
to make unique mating sounds
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
that allow female cichlids to identify males of their own species.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•”์ปท ์‹œํด๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ข…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:38
This technique limits interspecies breeding,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ข…๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ 
04:40
and ensures the parent fish will pass on their specialized jaws.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ„ฑ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Scientists are still discovering all the ways
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
this incredible skeletal mechanism functions.
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04:51
But given what we know already, it's fair to say that for most fish,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ„ฑ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
two jaws are better than one.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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