Why are US cities still so segregated? - Kevin Ehrman-Solberg and Kirsten Delegard

425,262 views

2022-03-01 ใƒป TED-Ed


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Why are US cities still so segregated? - Kevin Ehrman-Solberg and Kirsten Delegard

425,262 views ใƒป 2022-03-01

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eugene Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
On October 21st, 1909, 125 residents of an affluent Minneapolis neighborhood
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1909๋…„ 10์›” 21์ผ,
๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์• ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ธ๊ทผ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ต์™ธ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 125๋ช…์€
00:13
approached William Simpson, whoโ€™d just bought a plot in the area,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งค์ž…ํ•œ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ์‹ฌ์Šจ์—๊ฒŒ
00:17
and told him to leave.
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๋งˆ์„์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
The Simpsons would be the second Black family
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๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ด ๋™๋„ค์— ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์œผ๋ ค๋˜ ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
00:22
in the otherwise white neighborhood, where they intended to build a home.
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์‹ฌ์Šจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜€์–ด์š”.
00:26
When the Simpsons refused offers to buy them out,
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๋•…์„ ํŒ”๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ž
00:29
their neighbors tried blocking their homeโ€™s construction.
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์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์Šจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:33
They finally moved into their house, but the incident had a ripple effect.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์‹ฌ์Šจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:37
Just a few months after the mob harassed the Simpsons,
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์‹ฌ์Šจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํžŒ ์ง€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์—
00:41
the first racially restrictive covenant was put into place in Minneapolis.
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์ธ์ข…์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์ •์ด ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์• ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Covenants are agreements in property deeds that are intended to regulate
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๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฝ์ •์€ ์žฌ์‚ฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:50
how the property is to be used.
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00:52
Beginning in the mid-1800s,
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1800๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
00:54
people in the United States and elsewhere began employing them in a new way:
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
specifically, to racially restrict properties.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
They wrote clauses into deeds that were meant to prevent all future owners
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๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์— ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
01:07
from selling or leasing to certain racial and ethnic groups,
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ํŠน์ • ์ธ์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋งค๋‚˜ ์ž„๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:11
especially Black people.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ‘์ธ์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Between 1920 and 1950,
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1920๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1950๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด
01:15
these racial covenants spread like wildfire throughout the US,
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์•ฝ์ •์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฝ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฒˆ์ ธ์„œ
01:20
making cities more segregated and the suburbs more restricted.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ต์™ธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
In the county encompassing Minneapolis,
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๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์• ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:26
racial covenants eventually appeared on the deeds to more than 25,000 homes.
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์ด๋งŒ์˜ค์ฒœ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์ฆ์— ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์ •์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Not only was this legal,
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:34
but the US Federal Housing Administration
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๋ฏธ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„
01:36
promoted racial covenants in their underwriting manual.
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๋ณด์ฆ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฅ๋ คํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
While constructing new homes,
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์‹ ๊ทœ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ง€์„ ๋•Œ
01:42
real estate developers began racially restricting them from the outset.
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๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ข…์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Developments were planned as dream communities for American familiesโ€”
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์˜ ๋™๋„ค๋กœ ๊ธฐํš๋œ ๋‹จ์ง€๋“ค์€
01:51
but for white people only.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:53
In 1947, one company began building what became widely recognized
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1947๋…„ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:58
as the prototype of the postwar American suburb: Levittown, New York.
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ํ›—๋‚  ์ „ํ›„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์™ธ์˜ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๋ ˆ๋น—ํƒ€์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
It was a community of more than 17,000 identical homes.
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์ด ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์™ธ๊ด€์˜ ์ฃผํƒ ๋งŒ์น ์ฒœ ์ฑ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
They cost around $7,000 each and were intended to be affordable
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋‹น ์•ฝ ์น ์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฑ…์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์— ์ฐธ์ „ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ท€ํ–ฅ ๊ตฐ์ธ์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
for returning World War II veterans.
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02:15
But, according to Levittownโ€™s racial covenants, none of the houses
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ ˆ๋น—ํƒ€์šด์˜ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
๋ฐฑ์ธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ๋„
02:18
could โ€œbe used or occupied by any person other than members of the Caucasian race,โ€
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
02:24
with one exception: servants.
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์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ธ๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Between 1950 and 1970,
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1950๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1970๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด
02:29
the population of the American suburbs nearly doubled
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๊ต์™ธ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:32
as white people flocked to more racially homogenous areas
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ด๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜
02:36
in a phenomenon known as โ€œwhite flight.โ€
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โ€˜ํ™”์ดํŠธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํŠธโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
The suburbs spread,
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๊ต์™ธ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก
02:41
replacing native ecosystems with miles of pavement and water-guzzling lawns.
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์›๋ž˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ์™€ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž”๋””๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๊ณ 
02:46
And their diffuse layout necessitated car travel.
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๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
American automobile production quadrupled between 1946 and 1955,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„  ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด
1946๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1955๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด 4๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:56
cementing the nation's dependence on cars.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ ํ‚ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Federal programs like the G.I. Bill offered American veterans
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์žฌํ–ฅ ๊ตฐ์ธ์„ ๋•๊ณ ์ž
์ฃผํƒ ๊ตฌ์ž… ์‹œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” G.I. ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:02
favorable lending rates for buying homes.
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03:04
But it was difficult for people of color to take advantage of such resources.
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๊ณ 
03:09
Racial covenants restricted them from certain neighborhoods.
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์•ฝ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And, at the same time, government programs labelled neighborhoods of color
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ํˆฌ์ž์ฒ˜๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:16
bad investments and often refused to insure mortgages in those areas.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ ๋‹ด๋ณด ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ณด์ฆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:22
Therefore, banks usually wouldnโ€™t lend money to people purchasing property
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด ์ฃผํƒ ๋งค์ž… ์‹œ ์€ํ–‰์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”
03:26
in neighborhoods of colorโ€” a practice that became known as redlining.
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โ€˜๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋‹โ€™์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
So, instead of owning homes that increased in value over time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•ด
03:35
creating wealth that could be passed to future generations,
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๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
03:38
many people of color were forced to spend their income on rent.
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๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์€ ์›”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:42
And even when they were able to buy property,
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์ง‘์„ ์‚ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋„
03:45
their homeโ€™s value was less likely to increase.
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๊ทธ ์ง‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
The suburbs boasted cul-de-sacs and dead ends that minimized traffic.
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๊ต์™ธ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ธ ๋ง‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ž๋ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Meanwhile, city planners often identified redlined neighborhoods
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์„
03:56
as inexpensive areas for industrial development.
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์‚ฐ์—… ์‹œ์„ค์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
So, the massive freeway projects of the mid-20th century
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ ์† ๋„๋กœ๋Š”
04:03
disproportionately cut through redlined neighborhoods,
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๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:07
accompanied by heavy industry and pollution.
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๊ฐ์ข… ์‚ฐ์—… ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
As a result, many neighborhoods of color experience higher rates
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ์ง€์—ญ์€
๋”์šฑ ์žฆ์€ ์‹์ˆ˜ ์˜ค์—ผ, ์ฒœ์‹ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
of drinking water contamination, asthma, and other health issues.
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04:18
People targeted by racial covenants increasingly challenged them in court
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์•ฝ์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ•์— ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
04:23
and, in 1968, they were finally banned under the Fair Housing Act.
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1968๋…„, ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ณต์ • ์ฃผํƒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:28
But the damage had been done.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ํ›„์˜€์ฃ .
04:30
Racial covenants concentrated wealth and amenities in white neighborhoods
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์•ฝ์ •์€ ๋ถ€์™€ ํŽธ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:34
and depressed the conditions and home values in neighborhoods of color.
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ง‘๊ฐ’์€ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
As of 2020, about 74% of white families in the US owned their homes,
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2020๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ • 74%๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
04:45
while about 44% of Black families did.
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ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ 44%๋งŒ์ด ์ง‘์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
That gap is greatest in Minnesotaโ€™s Twin Cities.
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๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€ ์ฃผ ํŠธ์œˆ ์‹œํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Across the country, neighborhoods remain segregated
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์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ธ์ข…์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:55
and 90% of all suburban counties are predominantly white.
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๊ต์™ธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์˜ 90%๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Some landlords, real estate agents, and lenders
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง‘์ฃผ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ, ์ž„๋Œ€์ธ์€
05:03
still discriminate against people based on raceโ€”
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
rejecting them, steering them to and away from certain neighborhoods,
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ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:09
or providing inaccessibly high interest rates.
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๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Gentrification and exclusionary zoning practices also still displace
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ฃผํƒํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐํƒ€์  ์ง€์—ญํ™”๋„
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์œ ์ž…์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
and keep people of color out of certain neighborhoods.
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05:22
Racial covenants are now illegal.
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์ด์ œ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์•ฝ์ •์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:24
But they can still be seen on many housing deeds.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
The legacy of racial covenants is etched across the pristine lawns
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฟ”์ง„ ๋งˆ๋‹น ์•„๋ž˜์—”
05:31
of the American suburbs.
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Itโ€™s a footnote in the demographic divides of every city.
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์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์— ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:37
And itโ€™s one of the insidious architects of the hidden inequalities
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์„ธ์ƒ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฃผ๋ฒ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
that shape our world.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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