Can you solve the multiverse rescue mission riddle? - Dan Finkel

1,731,876 views ใƒป 2019-08-15

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:06
It was a normal Tuesday at the superconductor,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื”ืขืœ,
00:09
until a bug in the system created a small situation.
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ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืื’ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
00:14
Now your team is trapped in eleven separate pocket dimensions.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื›ื•ื“ ื‘ 11 ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ื›ื™ืก ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.
00:18
Luckily for you, thereโ€™s a half-finished experimental teleportation robot
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ืœืžื–ืœื›ื, ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื˜ืœืคื•ืจื˜ืฆื™ื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื—ืฆื™ ื’ืžื•ืจ
00:24
that may be able to get you all home,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
00:26
if you can figure out how to work through the quirks of its design.
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
00:30
Over interdimensional radio,
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ื“ืจืš ืจื“ื™ื• ืจื‘ ืžื™ืžื“ื™,
00:32
your engineers explain
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ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื
00:34
that the robot can teleport into the alternate universes youโ€™re trapped in,
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ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื’ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืชื ืœื›ื•ื“ื™ื,
00:38
but itโ€™ll do so completely at random.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:41
The robot has two levers and one big button.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:44
When it appears,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข,
00:45
you just switch the position of one of the levers from A to B or vice versa,
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ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืž ื' ืœ ื‘' ืื• ืœื”ืคืš,
00:51
and then the robot will note your dimensional position
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ื•ืื– ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœื›ื
00:54
and teleport to another of the eleven dimensions at random.
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ื•ื™ืฉื•ื’ืจ ืœืื—ื“ ืž- 11 ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™.
00:58
If it shows up again, youโ€™ll have to pull a lever before itโ€™ll teleport away.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื•ื’ืจ ืฉื•ื‘.
01:03
When anyone presses the button,
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ,
01:06
the robot will bring everyone who pulled a lever back home.
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉื›ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
01:10
Anyone who didnโ€™t will be lost in the multi-verse forever.
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ ืœืขื“ ื‘ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื™ืงื•ื.
01:14
The challenge is to make sure everyone has pulled a lever
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉื›ื• ื™ื“ื™ืช
01:18
before anyone hits the button.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ.
01:20
While you can talk to each other now over the interdimensional radio
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™ืžื“ื™
01:24
and agree on a plan,
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ื•ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
01:25
the robotโ€™s teleportation technology
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
01:28
will interfere with all attempts at communication once it arrives.
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ืชืคืจื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข.
01:32
You wonโ€™t be able to attach messages to the robot
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ืœื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืžืกืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
01:35
or scratch notes into its superstrong alloy body.
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ืื• ืœื—ืจื•ื˜ ืžืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชื›ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœื•.
01:39
Your only way to communicate information
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื“ืข
01:42
is to change the position of exactly one lever or hit the button.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ื“ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืื• ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ.
01:47
What plan will make sure everyone gets home?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”?
01:50
Pause the video now if you want to figure it out for yourself.
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ืขืฆืจื• ืคื” ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื.
01:55
Answer in 3
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“ 3
01:56
Answer in 2
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“ 2
01:57
Answer in 1
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“ 1
01:59
It would be nice if you could set different combinations of the levers
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช
02:03
to indicate whoโ€™s already been visited by the robot.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜.
02:05
But it has only two levers.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.
02:08
That gives four combinationsโ€”
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฆืจื•ืคื™ื --
02:10
far too few to communicate about 11 people,
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ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขืœ 11 ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:13
especially when youโ€™re forced to flip one to send the robot onward.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ืœืื”.
02:18
There must be another way.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
02:20
The critical insight is that not everyone has to know
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ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช
02:23
when every pocket dimension has been visited.
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ืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืงื•ื ื›ื™ืก.
02:26
If one person accepts responsibility ahead of time for hitting the button,
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ืื ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ,
02:30
then only they need to know who the robot has visited.
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ืื– ืจืง ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืžื™ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืงืจ.
02:33
In fact, they donโ€™t even need to know exactly whoโ€™s been visitedโ€ฆ
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงืจื•....
02:37
just how many people have been.
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ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ.
02:39
You volunteer to be the person in charge of pressing the button
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ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ
02:43
when the moment is right,
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ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข,
02:45
and give the following directions to everyone else.
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ื•ื ืชืชื ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:48
Your plan is simple:
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:
02:50
youโ€™ll use the left lever to count visits,
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ืืชื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื,
02:53
and the right lever will have no meaning,
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ื•ืœื™ืžื ื™ืช ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
02:55
so thereโ€™s no harm in moving it up or down.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืื• ืœืžื˜ื”.
02:58
Each of the others will pull the left lever
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช
03:00
from position A to position B exactly once.
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ืžืžื™ืงื•ื ื' ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘' ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
03:05
If the robot appears with the left lever already pulled down,
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ืื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ื›ื” ืœืžื˜ื”,
03:09
or if an individual has previously pulled the left lever down
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ืื• ืื ื”ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื”
03:12
at any point in the past,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
03:14
then they should move the right lever.
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ืื– ื”ื ื™ื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช.
03:16
You, meanwhile, will be the only one who ever resets the left lever from position B
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ืืชื, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืชื”ื™ื• ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืžืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘'
03:22
to position A.
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ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื'.
03:24
This gives you a way to count how many people have been visited by the robot.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ืจืš ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜.
03:28
Everyone needs to pull the left lever down exactly once,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช,
03:32
and youโ€™re the only one to pull it back up.
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ื•ืจืง ืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื.
03:35
So you know that the tenth time the robot visits you
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ื‘ืงืจ ืืชื›ื
03:38
with its left lever in the down position,
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ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื”,
03:40
it must have visited all ten of the others.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:43
And that means youโ€™re safe to press the button and teleport everyone home.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื’ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
03:48
It may take a whileโ€“
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืงื— ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ --
03:49
most likely the robot will need to teleport around 355 times;
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ืฉื’ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืจืš 355 ืคืขืžื™ื;
03:55
but better that than leave anyone behind.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ื›ื” ืžืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
03:58
Your teammates phase back into your home dimension one at a time.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืื—ื“ ืื—ื“.
04:02
The mission proves a great success.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื›ืชืจื” ื›ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:05
Well...mostly.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ... ื›ืžืขื˜.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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