PAST TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

702,119 views ãƒģ 2021-10-07

Shaw English Online


āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤

00:00
Hi, everybody. I’m Esther. 
0
320
2240
āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āϕ⧇āĻŽāύ āφāϛ⧇āύ. āφāĻŽāĻŋ āχāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past tense. We’ll talk about the past simple, past continuous,  
1
2560
7200
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•,
00:09
past perfect, and past perfect continuous tense. There’s a lot to study,  
2
9760
5280
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āφāϛ⧇,
00:15
and there’s a lot to practice. So let’s get started.
3
15040
2560
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
00:24
Hi, everyone.
4
24240
1280
āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āϕ⧇āĻŽāύ āφāϛ⧇āύ.
00:25
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
5
25520
4320
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϏāĻšāϜ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤
00:30
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
6
30640
6400
āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
00:37
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
7
37600
6240
āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āφāϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϞ, āϤāĻžāχ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύāĨ¤
00:45
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
8
45840
3040
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ
00:48
in the past simple tense.
9
48880
1600
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'āĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
00:51
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
10
51120
5600
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'āĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
00:57
We use the 'be' verbs, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in this tense.
11
57440
4320
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, 'was' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'were' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
01:02
Take a look at the examples.
12
62400
1600
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
01:04
‘I was scared.’
13
64640
1280
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­ā§€āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ.'
01:06
‘James', or he 'was a teacher.’
14
66800
3040
'āĻœā§‡āĻŽāϏ', āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
01:10
‘She was sad.’
15
70880
1440
'āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāύ āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ.'
01:13
‘My dog was hungry.’
16
73280
2320
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ.'
01:15
‘My dog’ can be ‘it’.
17
75600
1440
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ' 'āĻāϟāĻž' āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
01:17
So for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, ‘was’.
18
77680
6640
āϤāĻžāχ 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it' āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž past tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, 'was'āĨ¤
01:25
However, for ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.
19
85360
4800
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, 'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž'-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'were' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
01:30
‘You were a good student.’
20
90720
2000
'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āĨ¤'
01:33
‘Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and ‘We were at home for two hours.’
21
93520
8000
'āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āύāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
01:42
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
22
102320
4000
āĻāχ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
01:46
Great job.
23
106880
880
āĻĻāĻžāϰ⧂āύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ.
01:47
Let's move on.
24
107760
720
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
01:49
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
25
109600
4720
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
01:54
Take a look at these examples.
26
114320
1680
āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.
01:56
‘Liam played a game.’
27
116960
1760
'āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āϖ⧇āϞ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
01:59
Liam is a ‘he’,
28
119600
1440
āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ',
02:01
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
29
121680
4800
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āĻāϟāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĨ¤
02:06
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add ‘d’ or ‘ed’
30
126480
6400
āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ
02:12
to the end of the verb.
31
132880
1360
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ 'd' āĻŦāĻž 'ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
02:14
Here the verb is ‘play’, so I added ‘-ed’.
32
134960
3440
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ 'āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāύ', āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ '-ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:19
‘Liam played a game.’
33
139040
3040
'āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āϖ⧇āϞ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
02:22
‘The car, or it needed gas.’
34
142080
3360
'āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āύāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
02:26
The verb here is ‘need’.
35
146000
2080
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'need'āĨ¤
02:28
For the past simple tense, I added ‘-ed’.
36
148080
2800
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ '-ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:32
‘We watched a movie.’
37
152160
1760
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŋāύ⧇āĻŽāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ.'
02:34
Again, an ‘ed’ at the of ‘watch’.
38
154480
3120
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, 'āϘāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'-āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'ed'āĨ¤
02:38
‘You exercised for an hour.’
39
158640
2400
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ• āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤'
02:41
In this case, the verb is ‘exercise’.
40
161760
2640
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ 'āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ'āĨ¤
02:44
I only need to add a ‘d’ to make it the past tense.
41
164400
4320
āĻāϟāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'd' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
02:48
And finally, ‘They usually worked after school.’
42
168720
3520
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤'
02:53
The verb is ‘work’.
43
173040
1520
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ•āĻžāϜ'āĨ¤
02:54
And I added an ‘ed’ to make it in the past tense.
44
174560
3520
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āĨ¤
02:58
The word ‘usually’ shows that this was a habit.
45
178640
4160
'āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
03:02
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
46
182800
5120
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
03:08
Let's move on.
47
188640
1200
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
03:09
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
48
189840
4240
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
03:14
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to make a verb into the past tense.
49
194640
6480
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ 'd' āĻŦāĻž 'ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
03:21
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
50
201760
4880
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
03:27
Let's take a look at some examples.
51
207200
2080
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
03:30
‘I ate with my friend.’
52
210320
1520
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
03:32
The verb here is ‘ate’.
53
212880
1840
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž'āĨ¤
03:35
‘ate’ is the past simple tense of ‘eat’.
54
215440
3200
'ate' āĻšāϞ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
03:39
The next example says, ‘Nara wrote a story.’
55
219680
3520
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āύāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤'
03:43
The verb is ‘write’.
56
223760
2000
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āϞāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ'āĨ¤
03:45
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to ‘wrote’.
57
225760
6320
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ 'āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ' āϤ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
03:53
‘You often came home late.’
58
233360
2240
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāχ āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āύāĨ¤'
03:56
The verb here is ‘come’ and it's been changed to ‘came’.
59
236400
4480
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋ 'āφāϏāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ 'āφāϏāĻž' āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
04:01
You'll notice that we had the word ‘often’ to show a habit.
60
241760
4080
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāχ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
04:07
‘We bought a camera.’
61
247200
1600
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
04:09
The verb here is ‘buy’ and it's been changed to ‘bought’ to show the past simple tense.
62
249600
6480
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧁āύ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'āϕ⧇āύāĻž' āϤ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
04:16
And finally, ‘My parents sent me money for a year.’
63
256880
4160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
04:21
Here the verb ‘sent’ is the past tense of ‘send’.
64
261760
4400
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ 'sent' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ 'send'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
04:27
Here we also see ‘for a year’, this shows duration.
65
267120
4560
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ'āĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
04:32
Let's move on.
66
272640
1200
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
04:33
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
67
273840
5840
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'āĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
04:39
Here are some examples.
68
279680
1440
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāσ.
04:41
The first one says, ‘I was not hungry.’
69
281680
3280
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϜāύ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
04:46
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
70
286000
3520
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• 'āĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
04:49
I f the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, we say ‘was not’.
71
289520
6320
I f āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'I', 'he', 'she' āĻŦāĻž 'it', āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'was not'āĨ¤
04:55
For example, ‘I was not’ or ‘she was not’ or the contraction ‘wasn't’.
72
295840
6960
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž' āĻŦāĻž 'āϏ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž' āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
05:02
‘I wasn't’.
73
302800
1520
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
05:04
‘She wasn't’.
74
304320
1040
'āϏ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
05:05
So let's look again, ‘I was not hungry.’
75
305920
3920
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āϧāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
05:10
‘She wasn't home today.’
76
310560
2000
'āϏ⧇ āφāϜ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
05:13
Now, if the subject is ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’,
77
313520
4080
āĻāĻ–āύ, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ 'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž' āĻŦāĻž 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž' āĻšāϝāĻŧ,
05:17
We say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.
78
317600
3520
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž' āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
05:21
‘The children, or they were not quiet.’
79
321920
3680
'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
05:26
‘The children were not quiet.’
80
326800
2880
'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰāĻž āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
05:30
And then, ‘The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’
81
330480
6240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ, 'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ', āĻŦāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž, āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ•ā§ŒāϤ⧁āĻ•āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
05:37
Let's move on.
82
337600
720
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
05:38
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
83
338880
6160
āĻāĻ–āύ, āύāύ-'āĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•,
05:45
regular or irregular.
84
345040
2400
āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
05:47
Here are some examples.
85
347440
1440
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāσ.
05:49
‘I did not like him.’
86
349520
2800
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
05:52
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put ‘did not’ after the subject.
87
352320
6080
āύāύ-'āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āϤāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'did not' āĻŦāϏāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
05:59
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
88
359040
4640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
06:03
We keep the base verb.
89
363680
2160
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦ⧇āϏ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
06:06
‘He didn't catch the ball.’
90
366640
1920
'āϏ⧇ āĻŦāϞ āϧāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
06:09
Again, it's ‘he did not’, but here we used a contraction,
91
369280
5200
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāϟāĻž 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋ', āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ,
06:14
‘He didn't catch the ball.’
92
374480
1840
'āϏ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϟāĻŋ āϧāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
06:17
‘They didn't dance.’
93
377680
2160
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻžāĻšā§‡āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
06:19
Again, here's the contraction for ‘did not’.
94
379840
3440
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ 'did' āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāĨ¤
06:23
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
95
383280
4000
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹āĻŸā§‡āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤
06:27
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
96
387920
6400
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
06:34
And finally, ‘We didn't think about that.’
97
394320
3600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
06:37
Again, we simply say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’.
98
397920
3600
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋ' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
06:42
Let's move on.
99
402240
1040
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
06:43
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
100
403280
5200
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ—āĻ āύ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦāĨ¤
06:49
Take a look at the first example.
101
409040
1840
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
06:51
‘He was angry.’
102
411680
1520
'āϏ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ.'
06:54
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb ‘was’.
103
414080
3120
āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻšāϤ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž 'āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϏ' āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
06:58
It's quite easy.
104
418000
1440
āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻšāϜ.
06:59
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
105
419440
5360
āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
07:05
‘Was he angry?’
106
425440
1200
'āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
07:07
You can answer by saying ‘Yes, he was.’ or ‘No, he wasn't.’
107
427360
5040
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ' āĻŦāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āϏ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
07:13
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
108
433200
3200
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'āĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
07:16
‘They were comfortable.’
109
436400
2080
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
07:19
So again, switch the first two words.
110
439040
2720
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āχāϚ.
07:22
‘Were they comfortable?’
111
442400
1280
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āφāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
07:24
The answers can be, ‘Yes, they were.’
112
444320
2960
āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
07:27
or ‘No, they weren't.’
113
447280
1680
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
07:29
However, look at the third sentence.
114
449840
2720
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
07:32
‘Sam lived here.’
115
452560
1280
'āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤāĨ¤'
07:34
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
116
454480
2960
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ 'āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
07:37
Instead, we see the action verb ‘lived’.
117
457440
2960
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž 'āϞāĻŋāĻ­āĻĄ' āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāχāĨ¤
07:40
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
118
460960
3520
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ,
07:44
we start the question with ‘did’.
119
464480
1920
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
07:47
‘Did Sam live here?’
120
467280
2320
'āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇āύ?'
07:49
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
121
469600
4720
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āφāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
07:54
We use the base form of the verb.
122
474320
2240
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āϏ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
07:57
‘Did Sam live here?’
123
477200
1840
'āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇āύ?'
07:59
You can say ‘Yes, he did.’
124
479680
2480
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤'
08:02
or ‘No, he didn't.’
125
482160
1760
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āϏ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
08:04
The last sentence is similar.
126
484800
2160
āĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤
08:06
‘They won the contest last year.’
127
486960
2320
'āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
08:10
The verb here is ‘won’, that's not a 'be' verb.
128
490000
4320
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋ 'āϜāϝāĻŧ', āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
08:14
So again, we start the question with ‘did’ .
129
494320
3360
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'did' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
08:17
And then the subject ‘they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's ‘win’.
130
497680
6640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž', āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āϏ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āϜāϝāĻŧ'āĨ¤
08:25
‘Did they win the contest last year?’
131
505040
2320
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
08:28
You can say, ‘Yes, they did.’
132
508000
2160
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
08:30
or ‘No, they didn't.’
133
510160
1600
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
08:32
Let's move on.
134
512480
1120
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
08:33
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
135
513600
6640
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ WH āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
08:40
Take a look at the board.
136
520800
1680
āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύāĻŋāύāĨ¤
08:42
We have some WH words here.
137
522480
2320
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ WH āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āφāϛ⧇.
08:45
‘What’ ‘When’
138
525440
1200
'āϕ⧀' 'āĻ•āĻ–āύ'
08:47
‘Where’ and ‘Why’
139
527200
1120
'āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϕ⧇āύ'
08:49
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word ‘did’.
140
529120
4880
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ WH āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'did' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
08:54
‘What did’ ‘When did’
141
534000
2320
'āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇' 'āĻ•āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇'
08:56
‘Where did’ and ‘Why did’.
142
536320
2000
'āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϕ⧇āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
08:59
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
143
539200
5680
āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āφāϏ⧇ subject āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ verb āĻāϰ base formāĨ¤
09:04
So, let's take a look.
144
544880
1600
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
09:07
‘What did you do last night?’
145
547280
2480
'āĻ—āϤāϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›?'
09:10
‘What did you do last night?’
146
550720
1440
'āĻ—āϤāϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›?'
09:12
I can answer by saying something like, ‘I watched a movie.’
147
552960
4160
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŋāύ⧇āĻŽāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
09:17
Or ‘I read a book.’
148
557120
1520
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤'
09:19
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
149
559360
3680
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
09:24
‘When did you get home last night?’
150
564240
1760
'āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›?'
09:26
‘I got home at 10 p.m.’
151
566720
2000
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϰāĻžāϤ ā§§ā§ĻāϟāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ'
09:30
‘Where did they eat lunch?’
152
570240
2080
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
09:32
‘They ate lunch at home.’
153
572320
1840
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
09:34
Again, ‘ate’ is the past tense of ‘eat’.
154
574800
2880
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, 'āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇' āĻšāϞ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
09:38
Answer in the past simple tense.
155
578320
2160
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
09:41
And finally, ‘Why did the company hire him?’
156
581040
3200
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϕ⧇āύ āϕ⧋āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϞ?'
09:45
‘The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’
157
585040
3680
'āϕ⧋āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽā§€āĨ¤'
09:49
Let's move on.
158
589600
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
09:51
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
159
591040
2560
āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āφāĻĒ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž
09:53
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
160
593600
4000
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ
09:58
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are ‘was’ or ‘were’.
161
598320
5520
āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āύāϜāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āĨ¤ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϏ' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ'āĨ¤
10:03
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
162
603840
1920
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
10:06
‘He __ at work earlier.’
163
606400
2320
'āϏ⧇ __ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĨ¤'
10:09
The subject here is ‘we’.
164
609360
1520
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž'āĨ¤
10:11
So do we use ‘was’ or ‘were’?
165
611520
2960
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'was' āĻŦāĻž 'were' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ?
10:14
The correct answer is ‘was’.
166
614480
2400
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
10:17
‘He was at work earlier.’
167
617600
2800
'āϏ⧇ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
10:21
The next sentence says,
168
621040
1520
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇,
10:22
‘We _____ very happy yesterday.’
169
622560
3040
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž _____ āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϖ⧁āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤'
10:26
If the subject is ‘we’, remember the be verb is ‘were’.
170
626240
5600
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž' āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ be āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϞ 'were'āĨ¤
10:33
‘We were very happy yesterday.’
171
633040
2640
'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϖ⧁āĻļāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
10:36
Next, ‘My parents or they __ worried about me.’
172
636560
5040
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀, 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāϰāĻž __ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāϤāĨ¤'
10:42
If it's 'they', remember we have to say ‘were’.
173
642640
3840
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž' āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ'āĨ¤
10:47
‘My parents were worried about me.’
174
647440
2240
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
10:50
If I want to use the negative, I can also say ‘My parents weren't worried about me.’
175
650400
5520
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻžāĻ“ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
10:55
And that's possible.
176
655920
1040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĨ¤
10:57
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
177
657760
3520
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
11:02
‘We wasn't good students.’
178
662880
2000
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
11:05
We wasn't good students.
179
665840
1840
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤
11:08
Can you figure out what's wrong?
180
668320
1600
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
11:10
The subject here is ‘we’, so we don't say ‘was not’.
181
670800
4560
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž', āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āύāĻž 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
11:15
We need to say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.
182
675360
4160
āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž' āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
11:22
‘We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer.
183
682160
4640
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž,' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĨ¤
11:27
The next one says, ‘Were she a teacher?’
184
687440
2880
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
11:31
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
185
691120
4160
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϤāĻžāχ be āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
11:35
That's correct, but the subject here is ‘she’.
186
695280
3440
āĻāϟāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϏ⧇'āĨ¤
11:39
Therefore, we need to start with ‘was’.
187
699520
3360
āĻ…āϤāĻāĻŦ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
11:43
‘Was she a teacher?’
188
703600
1440
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?'
11:46
And finally,
189
706080
800
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇,
11:47
‘They wasn't at school.’
190
707440
1840
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
11:50
The subject is ‘they’, so the answer is
191
710240
5600
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž', āϤāĻžāχ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ
11:58
‘They weren't at school.’
192
718240
2560
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
12:00
You can use the contraction ‘weren't’ or ‘were not’.
193
720800
3600
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž' āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
12:05
Let's move on to the next checkup.
194
725120
1760
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āφāĻĒ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
12:08
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
195
728080
4800
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
12:12
Take a look at the first sentence.
196
732880
1760
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
12:15
‘He ____ at home.’
197
735200
1680
'āϏ⧇ ____ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇āĨ¤'
12:17
The verb is ‘study’.
198
737520
1680
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ'āĨ¤
12:20
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
199
740000
2960
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ
12:22
the past tense, we add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the
200
742960
4240
, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ 'd' āĻŦāĻž 'ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋ
12:27
verb.
201
747200
320
āĨ¤
12:28
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in ‘y’.
202
748080
4400
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, 'y' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ• āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
12:32
Such as, ‘study’.
203
752480
1280
āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ'āĨ¤
12:34
We drop the ‘y’ and we add ‘ied’.
204
754320
3840
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'y' āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ 'ied' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
12:38
So the correct answer is,
205
758160
2080
āϤāĻžāχ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ,
12:40
‘He studied at home.’
206
760240
4000
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤'
12:45
The next sentence says, ‘We __ pencils.’
207
765200
3360
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž __ āĻĒ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
12:49
We want to use negative because it says ‘not use’.
208
769280
3600
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āύāϝāĻŧ' āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤
12:53
Remember for the negative, we always use ‘did not’, no matter what the subject.
209
773680
5920
āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ 'did not' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύāĨ¤
13:03
You can also use the contraction ‘didn't’.
210
783200
2640
āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
13:06
Now, what do we do to the verb?
211
786480
2400
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ?
13:08
We keep it as ‘is’.
212
788880
1920
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ 'āφāϛ⧇' āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
13:10
We do not change it.
213
790800
1440
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āύāĻž.
13:13
‘We didn't’ or ‘We did not’ use pencils.
214
793280
3840
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋ' āĻŦāĻž 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋ' āĻĒ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
13:18
The next sentence says, ‘His friends or they walk to the gym.’
215
798160
5600
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž āύāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āϜāĻŋāĻŽā§‡ āϚāϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤'
13:24
What's the past tense of ‘walk’?
216
804640
2000
'āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϕ⧀?
13:27
We simply have to add ‘ed’ because it's a regular verb.
217
807200
6640
āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ 'ed' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
13:35
‘His friends walked to the gym.’
218
815600
2160
'āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰāĻž āϜāĻŋāĻŽā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
13:38
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
219
818800
2800
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāϜ⧁āύāĨ¤
13:44
‘She didn't likes math.’
220
824400
2160
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
13:47
‘didn't’ is correct.
221
827680
1680
'āύāĻž' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
13:49
However, remember we keep the verb as ‘is’ in the base form.
222
829920
5280
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āϏ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ 'is' āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
13:55
So we don't say ‘likes’.
223
835200
2240
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āϞāĻžāχāĻ•' āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
13:57
We say ‘like’.
224
837440
1440
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āϞāĻžāχāĻ•'āĨ¤
13:59
‘She didn't like math.’
225
839600
2400
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
14:02
The next sentence says, ‘Did it rained this morning?’
226
842000
3440
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
14:06
Now this is a question.
227
846000
1440
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ.
14:08
In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with ‘Did’.
228
848080
3440
āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇, 'Did' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
14:12
‘Did it rained?’
229
852480
960
'āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
14:14
Do you notice the mistake?
230
854320
1520
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϭ⧁āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?
14:16
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
231
856480
5680
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
14:22
We use the base form of the verb.
232
862160
2640
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āϏ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
14:24
‘Did it rain this morning?’
233
864800
1520
'āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
14:27
And finally, ‘They not play the piano.’
234
867200
3440
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
14:31
The verb is an action verb.
235
871520
2240
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
14:33
So we need a ‘did’ in front of ‘not’.
236
873760
3040
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āύāĻž' āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'āĻĄāĻŋāĻĄ' āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤
14:38
‘They did not play the piano.’
237
878720
2640
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
14:42
Let's move on to the next checkup.
238
882240
1600
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āφāĻĒ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
14:44
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
239
884800
4640
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
14:49
Take a look at the first sentence.
240
889440
1840
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
14:51
‘He __ to school.’
241
891840
1680
'āϏ⧇ __ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇āĨ¤'
14:54
And the verb is ‘run’.
242
894160
1280
āφāϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āϰāĻžāύ'āĨ¤
14:56
‘run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is ‘ran’.
243
896400
4960
'āϰāĻžāύ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϤāĻžāχ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϰ⧂āĻĒāϟāĻŋ 'āϰāĻžāύ'āĨ¤
15:03
‘He ran to school.’
244
903360
1760
'āϏ⧇ āĻĻ⧌āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞāĨ¤'
15:06
The next sentence says, ‘We __ flowers.’
245
906240
3200
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž __ āĻĢ⧁āϞāĨ¤'
15:10
We want to use the negative because here it says ‘not grow’.
246
910000
3840
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ 'āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
15:14
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
247
914640
4240
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ,
15:18
we say ‘did not’
248
918880
1520
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋ'
15:23
or ‘didn't’.
249
923840
2240
āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
15:26
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
250
926080
3120
āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
15:32
‘We did not grow’ or ‘We didn't grow flowers.’
251
932320
4160
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāχāύāĻŋ' āĻŦāĻž 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĢ⧁āϞ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāχāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
15:37
The next sentence says, ‘Where __ you teach last year?’
252
937440
4320
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧇āύ?'
15:42
This is a question.
253
942480
1360
āĻāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĨ¤
15:44
Again, all we need to put is ‘did’.
254
944560
4000
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ 'āĻĄāĻŋāĻĄ'āĨ¤
15:49
‘Where did you teach last year?’
255
949360
2480
'āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧇?'
15:51
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
256
951840
2480
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāϟāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āύāĻž.
15:54
We always go with ‘did’.
257
954320
1840
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ 'āĻ•āϰ⧇' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
15:57
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
258
957200
3280
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀, āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
16:01
‘He didn't sold newspapers.’
259
961120
2160
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
16:04
Remember, in the negative, ‘didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is.
260
964560
5840
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇, 'āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋ' āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
16:11
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
261
971120
3520
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
16:15
So the correct answer is, ‘He didn't sell newspapers.’
262
975600
4640
āϤāĻžāχ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
16:21
The next sentence says, ‘Did she sing a song?’
263
981120
3600
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāύ āϗ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
16:25
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
264
985440
2560
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ.
16:28
‘sang’ is the irregular past tense form of ‘sing’.
265
988800
3440
'sang' āĻšāϞ 'sing'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤
16:32
But in a question, if it starts with ‘did’,
266
992880
3680
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ 'did' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ,
16:36
we use the base form.
267
996560
1600
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦ⧇āϏ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
16:38
‘Did she sing a song?’
268
998800
2960
'āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāύ āϗ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
16:42
And finally, ‘We taked it home.’
269
1002880
2800
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
16:46
Does that sound right?
270
1006640
1200
āϝ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ?
16:48
‘taked’ is not correct.
271
1008800
1920
'āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšā§€āϤ' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
16:51
The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’.
272
1011280
4000
'āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻšāϞ 'āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž'āĨ¤
16:56
‘We took it home.’
273
1016320
1680
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
16:58
Great job, everyone.
274
1018880
1360
āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
17:00
Let's move on.
275
1020240
1120
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
17:01
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
276
1021360
2880
āĻŦāĻžāĻš, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
17:04
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
277
1024880
3600
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύāĨ¤
17:08
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
278
1028480
3920
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
17:13
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
279
1033040
3360
āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
17:16
Bye. 
280
1036400
1440
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
17:25
Hi, everybody.
281
1045840
1120
āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āϕ⧇āĻŽāύ āφāϛ⧇āύ.
17:26
I'm Esther.
282
1046960
1280
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āχāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤
17:28
In this video.
283
1048240
1120
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇.
17:29
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
284
1049360
2800
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤
17:32
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
285
1052880
5040
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
17:38
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
286
1058480
5600
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
17:44
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
287
1064720
2400
āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āφāϛ⧇ āϤāĻžāχ āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
17:50
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
288
1070960
4080
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
17:55
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
289
1075840
5040
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
18:01
Let's take a look at these examples.
290
1081440
1920
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
18:04
‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’
291
1084080
3040
'āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
18:08
So first we start with the subject, ‘I’.
292
1088080
2720
āϤāĻžāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
18:11
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with ‘was’.
293
1091760
4640
I, he, she, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ it āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'was' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
18:17
‘I was’
294
1097120
800
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
18:18
And then we add an ‘ING’ to the end of the verb.
295
1098640
3840
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'ING' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
18:23
‘I was walking’
296
1103120
1520
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ'
18:25
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
297
1105440
2560
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
18:28
‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’
298
1108000
2800
'āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
18:31
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
299
1111520
5600
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇⧎
18:38
Let's look at the next example.
300
1118240
1760
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ.
18:40
‘She was living here last year.’
301
1120880
2480
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
18:44
Here, the subject is ‘she’.
302
1124320
1920
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϏ⧇'āĨ¤
18:46
So again we use ‘was’ and then ‘verb-ing’.
303
1126240
3760
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'was' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'verb-ing' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
18:50
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
304
1130960
5920
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϘāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
18:58
‘The dog,’ or ‘it’, ‘was eating dinner five minutes ago.’
305
1138000
5280
'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ,' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāϟāĻŋ', 'āĻĒāĻžāρāϚ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ āφāϗ⧇ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
19:04
The subject here is ‘the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’.
306
1144160
5360
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ' āϝāĻž āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ 'āĻāϟāĻŋ' āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
19:09
And so we follow with ‘was’.
307
1149520
2080
āφāϰ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'was' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
19:12
And finally, ‘Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with ‘they’.
308
1152640
5360
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāĻŋāĻŽ,' āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
19:18
For ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.
309
1158960
4960
'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž'-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'were' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
19:23
‘They were’, or ‘Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’
310
1163920
5120
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ', āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāĻŋāĻŽ āϰāĻžāϤ 9:00 āϟāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
19:30
Let's move on.
311
1170240
720
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
19:31
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
312
1171520
4560
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āĻ“
19:36
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
313
1176080
3920
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻžāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
19:40
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word ‘when’.
314
1180800
5280
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ 'when' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
19:46
Let's take a look at this example.
315
1186800
1760
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
19:49
‘I was playing cards when you called.’
316
1189280
2560
'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϏ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
19:52
Again we start with the subject ‘was’ or ‘were’,
317
1192640
4160
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āϟ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ 'was' āĻŦāĻž 'were',
19:56
and then ‘verb-ing’,
318
1196800
1600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'verb-ing',
19:59
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
319
1199360
4240
āϤāĻžāχ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, '
20:03
‘I was playing cards’
320
1203600
1280
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϏ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ'
20:05
The interrupting action in this sentence is ‘you called’.
321
1205520
4240
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ 'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇āύ '
20:10
You'll notice I use the word ‘when’ to show the interrupting action’
322
1210400
4800
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'when' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇'
20:15
And I used it in the past simple tense, ‘called’.
323
1215200
5040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ, 'āĻ•āϞ⧇'āĨ¤
20:20
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
324
1220240
1840
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
20:22
‘The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.’
325
1222640
4480
'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ' āĻŦāĻž 'āχāϟ' āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
20:28
Again the action in progress is ‘the cat was eating’.
326
1228080
4480
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āϚāϞāϛ⧇ 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
20:33
And ‘Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense.
327
1233360
4240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇', āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
20:38
This is the interrupting action used with the word ‘when’.
328
1238160
3840
āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ–āύ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
20:43
‘We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’
329
1243440
2480
'āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϘ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
20:46
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
330
1246640
3440
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āφāϛ⧇.
20:50
The subject here is ‘we’.
331
1250720
1600
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž'āĨ¤
20:52
And so we used ‘were’ and then ‘verb-ing’.
332
1252320
4480
āφāϰ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'were' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'verb-ing' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
20:57
‘When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action.
333
1257920
4080
'āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻāϞ⧋' āĻš'āϞ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
21:02
And finally, ‘Alicia and I’, or ‘We' were walking when we saw Mark.’
334
1262000
6560
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āφāϞāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ' āĻŦāĻž 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž' āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
21:09
‘When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing ‘Alicia
335
1269600
5680
'āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ' āĻšāϞ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻž āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ 'āφāϞāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
21:15
and I were walking’.
336
1275280
1440
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ' āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻžāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
21:17
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
337
1277520
5920
āĻāϟāĻžāĻ“ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
21:23
say,
338
1283440
560
āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ,
21:24
‘When you called, I was playing cards,’
339
1284000
3120
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĢā§‹āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϏ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ,'
21:27
or ‘When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’
340
1287120
3680
āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāϰāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
21:31
Let's move on.
341
1291680
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
21:33
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
342
1293360
5520
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻšāϞ
21:38
happening at the same time in the past.
343
1298880
2480
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāĨ¤
21:42
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word ‘while’.
344
1302080
4960
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'while' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
21:47
Let's take a look at some examples.
345
1307920
1920
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
21:50
The first sentence says, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching
346
1310720
4960
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ, āϏ⧇
21:55
me.’
347
1315680
160
āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
21:56
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
348
1316560
4480
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
22:01
‘I was playing soccer’ and ‘She was watching me’.
349
1321600
3360
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϏ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
22:05
The word ‘while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
350
1325680
6160
āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
22:12
‘While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’
351
1332960
3200
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
22:16
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
352
1336960
4560
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
22:22
The word ‘while’ shows that they were happening at the same time.
353
1342240
3920
'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
22:27
‘While Her husband’ or ‘he’, ‘was driving
354
1347760
3440
'āϝāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§€' āĻŦāĻž 'āϏ⧇', 'āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ­āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ
22:31
she was taking pictures.’
355
1351840
1840
āϏ⧇ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϤ⧁āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
22:34
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
356
1354640
3200
āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
22:38
And finally,
357
1358560
1360
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇,
22:39
‘While we were eating, the music was playing.’
358
1359920
3360
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
22:44
Both actions were happening at the same time.
359
1364160
2880
āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞ.
22:48
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word ‘while’ comes at the beginning,
360
1368000
6240
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇,
22:54
however, it's important to note that you can move the word ‘while’ around in several
361
1374240
5120
āϤāĻŦ⧇, āĻāϟāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϝ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ
22:59
ways.
362
1379360
400
āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘ⧁āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
23:00
For example, instead of saying this,
363
1380400
2880
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇,
23:03
‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’
364
1383280
3360
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ, āϏ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
23:06
I can move ‘while’ to the middle of the sentence.
365
1386640
2720
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āϏāϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
23:10
‘I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’
366
1390000
3040
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϝāĻ–āύ āϏ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
23:13
I can put the ‘while’ between the two actions.
367
1393760
2640
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
23:17
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
368
1397200
3680
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ,
23:20
‘While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’
369
1400880
3760
'āϏ⧇ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
23:24
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the ‘while’ if you put it in the
370
1404640
5040
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āύāĻž āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āφāϏ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇āύ
23:29
beginning.
371
1409680
480
āĨ¤
23:31
Let's move on.
372
1411120
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
23:32
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
373
1412480
5200
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
23:37
Here are some examples.
374
1417680
1440
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāσ.
23:39
‘She was not reading last night.’
375
1419680
2320
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
23:42
The subject is ‘she’ and so we use ‘was’.
376
1422720
3360
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϏ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϏ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
23:46
However, before the ‘verb-ing’, we add ‘not’.
377
1426960
4080
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, 'verb-ing' āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'no' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
23:51
‘She was not reading last night.’
378
1431600
2400
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
23:54
I can use a contraction and say,
379
1434640
2560
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ,
23:57
‘She wasn't reading last night.’
380
1437200
2320
'āϏ⧇ āĻ—āϤ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
24:00
‘We were not listening to music this morning.’
381
1440880
2960
'āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻļ⧁āύāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
24:04
In this case, the subject is ‘we’ and so we use ‘were’.
382
1444400
3840
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'were' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
24:09
Again ‘not’ comes before the ‘verb-ing’.
383
1449200
3360
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ 'not' āφāϏ⧇ 'verb-ing'-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇āĨ¤
24:13
‘We were not listening to music this morning.’
384
1453200
2560
'āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻļ⧁āύāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
24:16
Again I can use a contraction and say,
385
1456400
2880
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ,
24:19
‘We weren't listening to music this morning.’
386
1459280
2640
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻļ⧁āύāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
24:22
And the next one says, ‘He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
387
1462880
5040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ
24:27
home.’
388
1467920
240
āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āύ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
24:29
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
389
1469120
3840
āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇, āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āχāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āχ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇,
24:32
‘He wasn't watching TV’.
390
1472960
1600
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
24:35
You'll notice the word ‘when’.
391
1475440
1680
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ–āύ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
24:38
Remember ‘when’ + ‘a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action,
392
1478080
5840
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ 'when' + 'a past simple tense āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ,
24:44
so, ‘When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’
393
1484480
3920
āϤāĻžāχ, 'āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
24:49
He was doing something else.
394
1489040
1280
āϏ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
24:51
And finally,
395
1491200
1200
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇,
24:52
‘They weren't talking while the game was playing.’
396
1492400
2960
'āϗ⧇āĻŽāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
24:56
The word ‘while’ is in this sentence.
397
1496160
2880
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ 'while' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
24:59
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
398
1499040
6400
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ 2āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāϛ⧇,
25:05
so ‘While the game was playing they weren't talking’.
399
1505440
3760
āϤāĻžāχ 'āϗ⧇āĻŽāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
25:09
They were doing something else.
400
1509200
1280
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
25:11
Let's move on now.
401
1511280
2000
āĻāĻ–āύ āϚāϞ⧁āύ.
25:13
Let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense.
402
1513280
4960
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤
25:18
Take a look at the first statement.
403
1518880
2160
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
25:21
It says,
404
1521040
1120
āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āφāϛ⧇,
25:22
‘It was raining this morning.’
405
1522160
1600
'āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
25:24
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
406
1524560
3600
āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻšāϜ,
25:28
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
407
1528720
3680
āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤
25:32
Instead of ‘It was’, I now say ‘Was it’ to make it a question.
408
1532960
4960
'āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤
25:38
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
409
1538560
3760
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
25:43
‘Was it raining this morning?’
410
1543120
1600
'āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
25:45
You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, it was.’ or ‘No, it wasn't.’
411
1545520
4560
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
25:51
The next statement says,
412
1551120
1680
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧃āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇,
25:52
‘They were living there when the fire happened.’
413
1552800
3280
'āĻ…āĻ—ā§āύāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
25:56
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
414
1556080
6080
āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
26:02
Instead of ‘They were’, we say ‘Were they’.
415
1562720
2880
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
26:06
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
416
1566400
3440
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
26:10
‘Were they living there when the fire happened?’
417
1570880
2560
'āĻ…āĻ—ā§āύāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ?'
26:14
And you can answer by saying,
418
1574160
1600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ
26:15
‘Yes, they were’ or ‘No, they weren't.’
419
1575760
2800
'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž' āĻŦāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ
26:19
Let's continue on.
420
1579200
1040
āĨ¤ āϚāϞ⧁āύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ.
26:21
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
421
1581280
5600
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ WH āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
26:27
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
422
1587440
5280
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ WH āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
26:32
For example, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ‘who’.
423
1592720
5520
āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ, 'āϕ⧀', 'āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ', 'āϕ⧇āύ', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϕ⧇'āĨ¤
26:38
Let's take a look at the first question.
424
1598240
1920
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
26:40
‘What were they doing last night?”
425
1600960
1920
'āĻ—āϤ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧀ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ?
26:43
The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.
426
1603760
2640
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž'āĨ¤
26:47
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper ‘be’ verb.
427
1607360
5520
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ WH āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻžāύāĨ¤
26:52
In this case, ‘were’.
428
1612880
1360
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
26:55
‘What were they doing last night?’
429
1615120
1920
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
26:57
You'll notice that after the subject comes the ‘verb-ing’.
430
1617680
3680
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž-āχāĻ‚' āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
27:02
‘What were they doing last night?’
431
1622320
1840
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
27:04
I can answer by saying, ‘They were playing games’ or
432
1624880
4080
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϗ⧇āĻŽ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻŦāĻž
27:08
‘They were reading a book’.
433
1628960
1280
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
27:11
The next question says,
434
1631200
1360
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻŦāϞ⧇,
27:13
‘Where was he working last week?’
435
1633200
2000
'āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§‡ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?'
27:16
In this case the subject is ‘he’ and so the be verb to use is ‘was’.
436
1636160
5440
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ subject 'he' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ be verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'was'āĨ¤
27:22
‘Where was he working last week?’
437
1642640
2080
'āϏ⧇ āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§‡ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
27:25
I can say, ‘He was working in Canada.’
438
1645440
3040
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāϰāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
27:30
‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
439
1650160
3920
'āĻŦāχāϟāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĻāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϕ⧇āύ?'
27:34
In this case, the subject is ‘she’ and so I put ‘was’ after ‘why’.
440
1654080
5520
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϏ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'āϕ⧇āύ' āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϏ' āϰāĻžāĻ–āϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
27:40
‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
441
1660640
2720
'āĻŦāχāϟāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĻāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϕ⧇āύ?'
27:44
I can say, ‘She was crying because the ending was sad.’
442
1664080
4400
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĻāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻļ⧇āώāϟāĻž āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ–āϜāύāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
27:49
And finally,
443
1669360
1280
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇,
27:50
‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
444
1670640
4160
'āĻŽāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ?'
27:55
In this case, ‘the children’ is a ‘they’
445
1675520
3840
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, 'āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁' āĻšāϞ 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž'
27:59
so we follow 'who' with ‘were’.
446
1679360
2960
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'who' āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ 'were' āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
28:02
‘Who were they’ or
447
1682320
2240
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻž' āĻŦāĻž
28:04
‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
448
1684560
4240
'āĻŽāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ?'
28:09
To answer, I can say, ‘The children’ or
449
1689680
3200
āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻž' āĻŦāĻž
28:12
‘They were staying with their dad.’
450
1692880
3120
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
28:16
Let's move on.
451
1696000
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
28:17
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
452
1697440
4240
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇, āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
28:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
453
1702560
1840
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
28:25
‘Last night they were blank at school.’
454
1705280
2960
'āĻ—āϤ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
28:29
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb ‘stay’.
455
1709120
4720
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ 'āĻĨāĻžāĻ•' āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
28:34
‘not stay’
456
1714400
720
'āĻĨāĻžāĻ• āύāĻž'
28:35
What do you think it is?
457
1715920
1120
āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ?
28:38
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
458
1718160
3280
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ,
28:42
all you have to do is put ‘not’ and then ‘verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb.
459
1722000
6000
āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ 'no' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'verb-ing'āĨ¤
28:48
‘They were not staying at school last.’
460
1728640
9440
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
28:58
‘Last night, they were not staying at school.’
461
1738080
2560
'āĻ—āϤ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ“āϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
29:01
The next sentence says,
462
1741760
1200
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇,
29:03
‘Two days ago you blank soccer.’
463
1743600
3200
'āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋāĨ¤'
29:07
Again try the negative for the verb ‘play’.
464
1747520
4480
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ 'āϖ⧇āϞāĻž' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
29:12
‘Two days ago blank not play soccer.’
465
1752000
4000
'āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
29:16
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the ‘be’ verb.
466
1756800
3840
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻšāϞ 'āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
29:21
If the subject is ‘you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
467
1761280
5360
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ 'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇?
29:27
The correct answer is ‘were’.
468
1767520
2400
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
29:30
And then, we say ‘not’.
469
1770720
2240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āύāĻž'āĨ¤
29:34
What happens after that?
470
1774080
1280
āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇?
29:36
Remember, ‘verb-ing’.
471
1776160
2080
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, 'verb-ing'.
29:39
So ‘you were not playing’
472
1779200
3440
āϤāĻžāχ 'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϞāϤ⧇āύ āύāĻž'
29:43
‘two days ago, you were not playing soccer’
473
1783520
3120
'āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āφāϗ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āύāĻž'
29:47
You can also use a contraction and say,
474
1787200
2320
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ,
29:49
‘You weren't playing soccer.’
475
1789520
1840
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāϤ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
29:52
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
476
1792240
3120
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
29:56
‘Yesterday, she were reading at home.’
477
1796160
2720
'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
29:59
hmmm
478
1799960
1000
hmmm
30:00
The subject of this sentence is ‘she’ so the ‘be’ verb to use is not ‘were’.
479
1800960
7040
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'she' āϤāĻžāχ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'were' āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
30:08
It's 'was'.
480
1808000
1600
āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'.
30:10
‘Yesterday, she was reading at home.’
481
1810560
2800
'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
30:14
In the next sentence it says, ‘Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’
482
1814560
4880
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āφāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāϞ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
30:20
hmmm
483
1820400
240
āĻšā§āĻŽāĻŽ
30:21
‘They’ and ‘were’
484
1821680
1680
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
30:23
That's correct.
485
1823360
1200
āĻāϟāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
30:24
And we have the ‘verb-ing’
486
1824560
2160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž-āχāĻ‚' āφāϛ⧇
30:27
So what's the mistake?
487
1827440
1200
āϤāĻžāχ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻ•āĻŋ?
30:29
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
488
1829440
3520
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤
30:33
‘Tomorrow’ is not the past.
489
1833520
2800
'āφāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāϞ' āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
30:36
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
490
1836320
4640
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
30:40
For example, I can say, ‘yesterday’.
491
1840960
3120
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ'āĨ¤
30:46
‘Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’
492
1846240
2480
'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
30:49
Let's move on.
493
1849680
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
30:51
Now, let's start a checkup of the ‘when’ usage
494
1851120
3360
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ
30:54
of the past continuous tense.
495
1854480
1840
'when' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•
30:56
Take a look at the first example.
496
1856880
1760
āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
30:59
It says, ‘Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’
497
1859280
5040
āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'Andrea āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ John' āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϘāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤'
31:05
Remember ‘when’ shows an interrupting action.
498
1865200
4080
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
31:09
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
499
1869280
3360
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύāĨ¤
31:12
So let's first look at the second blank.
500
1872640
2880
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ.
31:15
‘When they blank hurt’
501
1875520
2480
'āϝāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āφāϘāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇'
31:18
What's the past tense of the verb ‘get’?
502
1878000
2320
'āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϕ⧀?
31:20
The answer is ‘got’.
503
1880960
2160
āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ 'āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ'āĨ¤
31:24
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
504
1884480
4720
āĻāĻ–āύ āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻāĻ• āύāϜāϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ• āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āϚāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
31:29
‘Andrea and John’ or ‘they’
505
1889840
2320
'āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāύ' āĻŦāĻž 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž'
31:33
Well what comes after ‘they’?
506
1893040
1600
āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž' āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϕ⧀ āφāϏ⧇?
31:35
‘were’.
507
1895680
400
'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
31:37
‘Andrea and John were’
508
1897120
1840
'Andrea āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ John were'
31:39
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
509
1899760
3360
āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
31:44
‘They were skiing’ or ‘Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’.
510
1904400
6800
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻŋāχāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻŦāĻž 'āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻŋāχāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāϘāĻžāϤ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
31:52
The next example says, ‘It blank not raining when the game blank’.
511
1912160
5200
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ• āύāĻž āϰ⧇āχāύāĻŋāĻ‚ āϝāĻ–āύ āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž'āĨ¤
31:57
And I want you to use the verb ‘start’ for the second blank.
512
1917920
3680
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
32:02
Take a look ‘when the game blank’ what's the past tense of ‘start’?
513
1922560
4800
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύāĻŋāύ 'āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āĻšāϞ⧇' 'āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϕ⧀?
32:09
‘started’
514
1929120
640
'started'
32:10
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
515
1930960
2880
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
32:14
The subject is ‘it’.
516
1934400
1840
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āĻāϟāĻŋ'āĨ¤
32:17
So what ‘be’ verb do we use for 'it'?
517
1937120
2800
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'it' āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ?
32:21
‘was’
518
1941680
320
'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
32:22
‘It was not raining when the game started.’
519
1942800
2720
'āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
32:26
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
520
1946320
2640
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāϜ⧁āύāĨ¤
32:32
‘I wasn't study at the library yesterday’.
521
1952160
4000
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϞāĻžāχāĻŦā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
32:36
The subject here is ‘I’ and so the ‘be’ verb ‘was’ is correct.
522
1956880
4960
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'I' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž 'was' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
32:42
Here there's a contraction, ‘I wasn't’ for ‘I was not’.
523
1962720
4640
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āφāϛ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž' āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
32:48
Now the problem is with the verb.
524
1968320
2240
āĻāĻ–āύ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤
32:51
Remember we need to put ‘–ing’ at the end of the verb.
525
1971120
5200
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ '–ing' āĻŦāϏāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
32:56
‘I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’
526
1976320
3440
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϞāĻžāχāĻŦā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
33:00
And finally, ‘We did meet our friends last weekend.’
527
1980480
4720
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
33:06
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
528
1986320
4880
āĻāϟāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻļā§‹āύāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
33:12
Take a look again.
529
1992160
960
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύāĻŋāύāĨ¤
33:13
The subject is ‘we’.
530
1993760
1520
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž'āĨ¤
33:16
We need a ‘be’ verb.
531
1996080
1200
āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤
33:18
‘were’
532
1998000
480
'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
33:20
Then what happens?
533
2000240
960
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ?
33:21
Remember, we need to add an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
534
2001920
4880
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ '-ing' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇,
33:27
so we take out ‘did’ and say, ‘We were meeting our friends last weekend.’
535
2007360
5040
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'did' āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, 'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
33:33
Let's move on.
536
2013200
1120
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
33:34
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the ‘while’ usage of the past continuous tense.
537
2014320
5680
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻāχ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āφāĻĒ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻžāύāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'while' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŦāĨ¤
33:40
Take a look at the first example.
538
2020640
1760
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
33:42
‘While I blank someone blank my bike.’
539
2022960
3360
'āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āϕ⧇āω āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāĻ• āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ.'
33:47
When we use ‘while’ in the past continuous tense,
540
2027120
3680
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻžāύāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ 'while' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ,
33:50
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
541
2030800
4640
āϤāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāχ āϝ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇
33:55
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
542
2035440
3600
āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϘāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
33:59
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
543
2039040
4480
āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•āϞāĻžāĻĒ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤
34:04
‘While I blank’
544
2044640
1760
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ'
34:06
I want you to use ‘shop’ in the first blank.
545
2046960
2800
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ 'āĻĻā§‹āĻ•āĻžāύ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
34:10
Remember, the subject here is ‘I’ so I need to use the ‘be’ verb ‘was’.
546
2050400
5440
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'I' āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'was'āĨ¤
34:17
Then ‘verb-ing’.
547
2057760
1920
āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'verb-ing'āĨ¤
34:23
‘While I was shopping’
548
2063920
1440
'āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϕ⧇āύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ'
34:26
Now ‘someone’ can be a ‘he’ or ‘she’.
549
2066400
2960
āĻāĻ–āύ 'āϕ⧇āω' āĻāĻ•āϜāύ 'āϏ⧇' āĻŦāĻž 'āϏ⧇' āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
34:30
Therefore, again we need to use ‘was’
550
2070000
3840
āĻ…āϤāĻāĻŦ, āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
34:34
and then the ‘verb-ing’ of ‘steal’.
551
2074560
3680
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'āϚ⧁āϰāĻŋ' āĻāϰ 'āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž-āχāĻ‚' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤
34:39
‘While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.’
552
2079280
3600
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϕ⧇āύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧇āω āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāĻ• āϚ⧁āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
34:43
The next sentence says,
553
2083920
1360
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇,
34:45
‘While he blank’
554
2085840
2240
'āϝāĻ–āύ āϏ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ'
34:48
I want you to use the verb ‘cook’.
555
2088080
2080
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ 'āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĨ¤
34:51
The subject is ‘he’ and so I need to use ‘was cooking’.
556
2091200
5520
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ 'āϏ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ 'āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
34:58
‘While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’
557
2098880
8160
'āϏ⧇ āϝāĻ–āύ āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŦā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
35:08
Did you get that?
558
2108240
800
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?
35:10
Let's move on.
559
2110240
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
35:11
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
560
2111600
4240
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
35:17
‘Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’
561
2117360
4320
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻœā§‡āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϖ⧁āρāϜāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
35:22
The first part of the sentence is correct.
562
2122880
2480
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
35:25
‘Jane was looking’
563
2125920
1360
'āĻœā§‡āύ āϖ⧁āρāϜāĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
35:28
Now the second part of the sentence.
564
2128480
2800
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤
35:31
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
565
2131280
3040
āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
35:34
‘While we get off the plane’
566
2134960
2480
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ'
35:37
So what we need to do is say, ‘were getting’.
567
2137440
6400
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ, 'āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ'āĨ¤
35:44
‘Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’
568
2144800
4160
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻœā§‡āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϖ⧁āρāϜāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
35:50
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’
569
2150160
5520
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āϘ⧁āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ'
35:56
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
570
2156960
4960
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĨ¤
36:02
My wife is a ‘she’ and so I need to say ‘was sleeping’.
571
2162720
8080
āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ 'āϏ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ 'āϘ⧁āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ' āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
36:11
‘I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’
572
2171440
3360
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āϘ⧁āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
36:15
Great job, everyone.
573
2175680
1280
āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
36:16
Let's move on.
574
2176960
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
36:18
Good job, everybody in learning the past  
575
2178720
2560
āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ
36:21
continuous tense.
576
2181280
1040
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇.
36:22
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
577
2182960
3920
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
36:27
Especially when it comes to the ‘when’ and ‘while’ usage.
578
2187440
3280
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ–āύ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϝāĻ–āύ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
36:31
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
579
2191280
3760
āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āφāϝāĻŧāĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŦ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ.
36:35
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. 
580
2195600
4240
āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
36:47
Hi, everybody.
581
2207280
960
āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āϕ⧇āĻŽāύ āφāϛ⧇āύ.
36:48
I'm Esther.
582
2208240
1200
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āχāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤
36:49
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
583
2209440
3440
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤
36:53
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
584
2213600
5920
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϘāϟāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
37:00
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
585
2220240
4880
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄ āĻ•āϰāĻŦāĨ¤
37:05
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
586
2225120
3200
āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āφāϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
37:08
So keep watching.
587
2228320
880
āϤāĻžāχ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύāĨ¤
37:12
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
588
2232720
3840
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
37:17
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
589
2237280
3840
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇
37:21
that happened before another action in the past.
590
2241120
2880
āϝāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
37:24
Here are some examples.
591
2244640
1280
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāσ.
37:26
‘I have visited China before I moved there.’
592
2246800
2960
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻšā§€āύ āϏāĻĢāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
37:30
No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,
593
2250560
3280
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ' āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϤāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āύāĻž,
37:33
So that's easy.
594
2253840
960
āϤāĻžāχ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻšāϜāĨ¤
37:35
‘I had’ ‘Steve had’
595
2255360
2480
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' 'āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
37:37
‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.
596
2257840
2160
'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
37:40
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
597
2260960
3440
āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
37:44
In this case, it's ‘visited’.
598
2264960
1760
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ'āĨ¤
37:47
‘I had visited China.’
599
2267520
2320
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§€āύ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
37:49
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
600
2269840
4400
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
37:54
‘I moved there.’
601
2274240
1120
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϚāϞ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
37:55
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
602
2275920
2880
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇.
37:59
‘Steve had bought the book.’
603
2279920
1440
'āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻŦāχāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
38:01
Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.
604
2281920
4320
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, 'āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ', 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻĒāϞ'āĨ¤
38:06
In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.
605
2286240
1760
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧁āύ'āĨ¤
38:08
‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’
606
2288960
3520
'āĻŦāχāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇āχ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
38:13
Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.
607
2293200
4880
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ 'āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ' āĻāϰ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž 'āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž'āĨ¤
38:18
And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’
608
2298080
4800
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
38:23
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
609
2303520
4880
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰāĨ¤
38:28
‘The plane had left’.
610
2308400
1440
'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āϚāϞ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
38:30
This is the past participle of ‘leave’.
611
2310480
2800
āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻ—'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻžāĨ¤
38:33
The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’
612
2313920
3600
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāϛ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
38:37
‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.
613
2317520
2400
'got' āĻšāϞ 'get'-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
38:40
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.
614
2320800
5920
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāχ āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āφāϛ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ, 'āφāϗ⧇'āĨ¤
38:47
‘before’ or ‘by the time’.
615
2327520
1840
'āφāϗ⧇' āĻŦāĻž 'āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇'āĨ¤
38:49
They all mean the same thing.
616
2329920
1520
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻ•āχ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇.
38:52
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
617
2332560
4160
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
38:57
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
618
2337520
3440
āϝ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĨ¤
39:01
So again, for the first example.
619
2341520
2640
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ.
39:04
‘before I move there’ That happened later.
620
2344160
3520
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇' āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
39:08
Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’
621
2348400
3120
āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āχāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻšā§€āύ āϏāĻĢāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
39:12
Do you understand how that works?
622
2352160
1680
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇?
39:14
Let's take a look at the last example.
623
2354400
2080
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻļ⧇āώ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
39:17
‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’
624
2357200
3440
'āĻ“āϰāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āφāϗ⧇āχ āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
39:21
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
625
2361280
3120
āϤāĻžāχ āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤
39:24
But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.
626
2364400
4480
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ 'āϝāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϞ⧋', āĻāϟāĻžāχ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
39:28
So this happened second.
627
2368880
2480
āϤāĻžāχ āĻāχ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϘāϟāύāĻž āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇.
39:31
‘We had already started the game.’
628
2371360
2240
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āφāϗ⧇āχ āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
39:34
This action had already started.
629
2374480
2960
āχāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āχ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
39:37
It started before this action.
630
2377440
2400
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
39:40
Let's move on.
631
2380880
1360
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
39:42
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
632
2382240
5440
āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ
39:47
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
633
2387680
4000
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
39:52
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
634
2392240
4320
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āχ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰāĻ“ āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
39:56
How long that first action happened.
635
2396560
2320
āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇.
39:59
We do this by using four and a duration.
636
2399440
3200
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϚāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
40:03
Let's take a look.
637
2403280
960
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
40:05
‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
638
2405120
5040
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
40:10
This is very similar to the first usage.
639
2410160
2480
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤
40:13
‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.
640
2413520
4160
'I had' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ past participle.
40:18
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
641
2418560
3760
āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āφāϗ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
40:23
The second part, ‘it broke’.
642
2423040
2000
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ, 'āχāϟ āĻŦā§āϰ⧇āĻ•'āĨ¤
40:25
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
643
2425680
4080
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ
40:29
that happened later than the first action.
644
2429760
2480
āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
40:33
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.
645
2433120
5120
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŽāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ'āĨ¤
40:38
‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
646
2438960
3840
'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
40:43
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
647
2443600
4960
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
40:49
Let's take a look at the next example.
648
2449280
2960
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
40:52
‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’
649
2452240
4800
'āϜāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϕ⧀ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝāϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻž āϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰāĻ›āĻžāύāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤'
40:57
Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.
650
2457760
4880
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ subject 'had', past participle āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
41:02
And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.
651
2462640
4400
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāĻšāϜ 'āϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰāĻ›āĻžāύāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
41:07
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
652
2467920
5280
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻ•āϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
41:13
He had been lonely for a long time.
653
2473760
2800
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϕ⧀ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤
41:17
That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’
654
2477280
4080
āϝ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ, 'āϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰāĻ›āĻžāύāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
41:22
And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’
655
2482160
6240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϏ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
41:29
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
656
2489680
3440
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤāĨ¤
41:33
It happened before she became my wife.
657
2493120
3440
āĻāϟāĻž āϏ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
41:37
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
658
2497280
4880
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āϝ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
41:42
Let's move on.
659
2502960
1200
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
41:44
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
660
2504160
4800
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ‹āĻŖāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
41:49
Take a look at the board.
661
2509520
1040
āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύāĻŋāύāĨ¤
41:51
The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
662
2511200
6080
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϰ⧇āĻ¸ā§āϟ⧁āϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāχāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
41:58
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
663
2518000
5680
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
42:04
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
664
2524400
3840
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āφāϗ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
42:08
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
665
2528240
4640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
42:13
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
666
2533600
6160
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ
42:19
the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.
667
2539760
3440
'had' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'not' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤
42:23
So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.
668
2543920
2880
āϤāĻžāχ āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, 'āĻ–āĻžāχāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
42:27
Or I can use the contraction
669
2547360
2080
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇
42:29
and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
670
2549440
5200
āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϰ⧇āĻ¸ā§āϟ⧁āϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāχāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
42:35
The next sentence is very similar.’
671
2555360
2080
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤'
42:38
‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’
672
2558000
4080
'āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāϏ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
42:42
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
673
2562880
3600
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āφāϗ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ,
42:46
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
674
2566480
3680
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ.
42:50
However, again, because it's negative,
675
2570720
3120
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•,
42:53
I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.
676
2573840
5120
āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'had' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'not' āϰāĻžāĻ–āϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
42:59
Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’
677
2579680
5280
āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϏ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāϏ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
43:06
The next sentence says,
678
2586320
1520
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇,
43:07
‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’
679
2587840
5120
'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϧāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
43:13
Remember, we can show duration,
680
2593760
2400
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ,
43:16
or how long the first action was true.
681
2596160
2960
āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
43:19
by using 'for' and a duration.
682
2599120
2480
'āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
43:22
Because this is the negative form,
683
2602560
2240
āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒ,
43:24
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
684
2604800
7280
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ 'had not' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ
43:32
In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.
685
2612080
4000
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ 'hadn't' āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āχāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āχ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
43:37
‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’
686
2617200
4720
'āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϕ⧇ āϚāĻŋāύāϤāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
43:42
That's a pretty short time.
687
2622560
1920
āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϛ⧋āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ.
43:44
It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?
688
2624480
3760
āĻāϟāĻŋ 'for' āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ?
43:48
‘three months’
689
2628240
800
'āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŽāĻžāϏ'
43:49
Let's move on.
690
2629840
800
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
43:51
Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.
691
2631280
5120
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'had' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
43:57
Take a look at the first sentence.
692
2637040
2160
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
43:59
It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’
693
2639200
3360
āϤāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āϏ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
44:03
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
694
2643360
3760
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻšāϜāĨ¤
44:07
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
695
2647120
3440
āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤
44:11
So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.
696
2651120
3360
āϤāĻžāχ 'āϏ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ āϏ⧇'āĨ¤
44:15
‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’
697
2655200
2000
'āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?'
44:18
You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’
698
2658160
2320
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āϏ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
44:20
or ‘No, she hadn't.’
699
2660480
1680
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āϏ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤'
44:23
The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’
700
2663040
3680
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϚāϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
44:27
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
701
2667440
4320
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ.
44:31
Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.
702
2671760
4080
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ 'Had it' āĻŦāϞ⧁āύāĨ¤
44:36
‘Had it rained before they left?’
703
2676560
1920
'āĻ“āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
44:39
To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’
704
2679360
3280
āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ, āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
44:42
or ‘No, it hadn't.’
705
2682640
1920
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āύāĻž, āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
44:45
Let's move on now.
706
2685280
2080
āĻāĻ–āύ āϚāϞ⧁āύ.
44:47
I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.
707
2687360
4640
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ 'WH' āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
44:52
Let's take a look.
708
2692560
800
āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•.
44:54
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
709
2694400
4400
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 'WH' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāχāĨ¤
44:59
‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.
710
2699520
4320
'āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ', 'āϕ⧇', 'āĻ•āĻŋ', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇'āĨ¤
45:04
Let's take a look at the first question.
711
2704560
2000
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
45:07
‘Where had he traveled before?’
712
2707520
2240
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?'
45:10
You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.
713
2710560
4400
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ 'WH' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'had' āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
45:15
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
714
2715920
4960
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ subject āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ verb āĻāϰ past participle.
45:21
‘Where had he traveled before?’
715
2721600
2160
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?'
45:25
The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’
716
2725040
3920
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?'
45:29
This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word
717
2729760
3200
āĻāχ āĻāĻ•āχ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ 'WH' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
45:33
‘had she’ and then the past participle.
718
2733520
2880
'had she' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ past participle.
45:37
You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
719
2737200
6400
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ 'āφāϗ⧇' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤
45:44
If you see that it simply means before now.
720
2744400
2960
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ–āύ āφāϗ⧇āĨ¤
45:48
The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’
721
2748560
4400
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϏ⧇ āϞāĻžāĻžā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧀ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
45:53
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.
722
2753920
5920
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āχ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ 'āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ'āĨ¤
46:00
The last one says,
723
2760400
1440
āĻļ⧇āώ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύ,
46:01
‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’
724
2761840
3920
'āϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĄā§‡āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϚāĻŋāύāϤ?'
46:06
Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.
725
2766720
6080
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ 'had' + 'subject' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ past participleāĨ¤
46:13
Let's take a look at how  to answer these questions.
726
2773600
2880
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ• āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
46:17
‘Where had he traveled before?’
727
2777520
2000
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?'
46:20
‘He had traveled to Europe.’
728
2780400
2160
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
46:22
is one possible answer.
729
2782560
1440
āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĨ¤
46:25
‘Who had she talked to before?’
730
2785360
2960
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?'
46:28
Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’
731
2788320
3440
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
46:33
‘What had he eaten before lunch?’
732
2793360
2400
'āϞāĻžāĻžā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏ⧇ āϕ⧀ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
46:36
‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’
733
2796640
2560
'āϏ⧇ āϞāĻžāĻžā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏ⧁āĻļāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
46:39
And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’
734
2799920
4800
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĄā§‡āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϚāĻŋāύāϤ⧇āύ?'
46:45
‘She had known him for three years.’
735
2805440
2560
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻšā§‡āύ⧇āύāĨ¤'
46:48
That is one possible answer.
736
2808000
1840
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĨ¤
46:50
Let's move on.
737
2810560
880
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
46:52
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
738
2812400
6240
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āύāϜāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
46:59
Take a look at the first sentence.
739
2819200
1680
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
47:01
‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’
740
2821520
3920
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ›āϝāĻŧ āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
47:06
The verb here is ‘work’.
741
2826080
1680
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ 'āĻ•āĻžāϜ'āĨ¤
47:08
Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.
742
2828560
3120
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
47:11
No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.
743
2831680
2720
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ, 'āĻšāĻžāϤ' āĻŦāϞ⧁āύāĨ¤
47:16
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
744
2836880
3360
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
47:20
In this case, we would say ‘worked’.
745
2840800
3040
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦ 'āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
47:26
‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’
746
2846240
3840
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ›āϝāĻŧ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
47:30
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
747
2850880
3280
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϟāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
47:35
‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’
748
2855280
4480
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϰ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļā§‹āύāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāχāĨ¤'
47:41
Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’
749
2861200
3840
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ'
47:45
or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.
750
2865040
2320
āĻŦāĻž āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, 'āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
47:49
‘We hadn’t’.
751
2869520
1120
'āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
47:51
And then, we need the past participle.
752
2871360
2400
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ.
47:57
‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’
753
2877120
4640
'āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϰ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļā§‹āύāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
48:02
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
754
2882640
3200
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāϜ⧁āύāĨ¤
48:07
‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
755
2887840
4480
'āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧁ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϰ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāϕ⧋āϤ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
48:13
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.
756
2893040
5520
āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āφāϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, 'āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
48:19
However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.
757
2899280
4640
āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻšāϤ⧇' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύāĨ¤
48:24
So the correct answer is,
758
2904720
1760
āϤāĻžāχ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ,
48:26
‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
759
2906480
4240
'āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧁ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϰ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāϕ⧋āϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāύāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
48:31
And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’
760
2911680
6000
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
48:38
Hmm.
761
2918200
1000
āĻšā§āĻŽāĨ¤
48:39
Remember, we need the past participle.
762
2919200
2480
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻĒāϞ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤
48:42
We don't say do.
763
2922320
1440
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤
48:43
We say ‘done’.
764
2923760
1280
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
48:46
‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’
765
2926160
4480
'āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāĻžāύ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
48:51
Let's move on.
766
2931680
1040
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
48:52
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
767
2932720
3840
āĻāχ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āφāĻĒ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āύāϜāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ
48:56
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
768
2936560
3920
āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤
49:00
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
769
2940480
1920
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
49:03
‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’
770
2943120
4800
'āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āĨ¤'
49:08
Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.
771
2948880
3040
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āϟ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'had' āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
49:12
So I'm going to add that here,
772
2952720
1680
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ,
49:15
then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.
773
2955200
3440
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'be' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ past participle āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤
49:19
And that is ‘been’.
774
2959440
1440
āφāϰ āϏ⧇āϟāĻž āĻšāϞ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
49:22
‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’
775
2962320
4320
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύ āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
49:27
The next sentence says,
776
2967680
1760
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇,
49:29
‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’
777
2969440
3920
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ›āϝāĻŧ āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋāĨ¤'
49:34
Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.
778
2974240
5440
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§€āĻĻāĻžāϰāĨ¤
49:40
So the answer is,
779
2980240
2160
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻšāϞ,
49:42
‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’
780
2982400
5840
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ›āϝāĻŧ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
49:49
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
781
2989120
3120
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāϜ⧁āύāĨ¤
49:52
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
782
2992240
2800
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϤāĻžāχ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
49:56
‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’
783
2996800
5360
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
50:03
Can you find the mistake?
784
3003120
1280
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
50:05
Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.
785
3005360
3920
āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āφāϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ', āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύ.
50:09
There are two past participles here.
786
3009280
2880
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
50:12
We need to get rid of one of them.
787
3012160
1760
āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
50:15
We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years
788
3015440
6320
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇
50:21
before they had their first fight.’
789
3021760
2000
āĻĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ
50:24
The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
790
3024960
6560
āĨ¤' āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ—ā§‹āϞ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
50:32
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
791
3032720
3360
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
50:36
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.
792
3036080
3760
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ 'had'āĨ¤
50:40
‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
793
3040640
6560
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ—ā§‹āϞ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
50:48
Good job, everybody.
794
3048240
1200
āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
50:49
Let's move on.
795
3049440
1200
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
50:50
Great job, everyone.
796
3050640
1520
āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
50:52
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
797
3052160
3760
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
50:56
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
798
3056480
3200
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ,
50:59
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
799
3059680
2240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
51:02
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
800
3062640
4080
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϏāĻšāϜ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇,
51:06
I know you'll master it.
801
3066720
1680
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϝāĻŧāĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
51:08
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
802
3068400
3120
āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
51:20
Hi, everybody.
803
3080000
1040
āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ āϕ⧇āĻŽāύ āφāϛ⧇āύ.
51:21
I'm Esther.
804
3081040
1280
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āχāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĨ¤
51:22
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
805
3082320
4320
āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤
51:27
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
806
3087200
3760
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇
51:30
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
807
3090960
3920
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻšāϤ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
51:34
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
808
3094880
1920
āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύāĨ¤
51:40
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
809
3100480
6320
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻšāϞ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž
51:46
past that continued up to another point in the
810
3106800
3280
āϝāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻšāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
51:50
past.
811
3110080
400
āĨ¤
51:51
You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about
812
3111040
3600
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ
51:54
how long that action was in progress.
813
3114640
2400
āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇
51:57
Here are some examples.
814
3117600
1200
āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāσ.
51:59
‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’
815
3119520
4880
'āĻŦāĻžāϏāϟāĻŋ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āϧāϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
52:04
You'll notice that at the beginning.
816
3124960
1840
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
52:06
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.
817
3126800
4400
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋ āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻšā§āϝ āύāϝāĻŧ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'haed been' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
52:11
For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,
818
3131760
3920
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ', 'āϚāĻžāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ',
52:15
And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’
819
3135680
2160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āϟāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
52:18
And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.
820
3138640
2720
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž '-ing' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
52:22
‘waiting’.
821
3142080
480
'āĻĒā§āϰāϤ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž'āĨ¤
52:23
‘I had been waiting.’
822
3143200
1840
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
52:25
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
823
3145040
3440
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
52:29
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
824
3149200
3840
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āϚāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
52:33
The second part says, ‘it arrived’.
825
3153920
2960
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇'āĨ¤
52:36
This verb is in the past simple tense.
826
3156880
2960
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰāĨ¤
52:39
Therefore, that is the second action.
827
3159840
2560
āĻ…āϤāĻāĻŦ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĨ¤
52:42
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
828
3162400
6720
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻž āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύāϟāĻŋ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝāϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻž āĻāχ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύāϟāĻŋ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞ,
52:49
so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened
829
3169120
3440
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ'
52:52
first.
830
3172560
880
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤
52:53
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
831
3173440
3600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ, āĻŦāĻžāϏ āύāĻž āφāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇.
52:58
‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.
832
3178560
4240
'āϚāĻ• āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ,' āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āϏ⧇āχ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻž āϏāĻšāϜāĨ¤
53:02
No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
833
3182800
4720
āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'had been' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ verb '-ing'āĨ¤
53:08
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing
834
3188400
6560
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ• āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ' āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϚāĻ• āĻ•āϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ,
53:14
the duration.
835
3194960
720
āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤
53:16
And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.
836
3196480
3680
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'āϏ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇' āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
53:20
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
837
3200160
3760
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
53:25
Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,
838
3205040
6240
āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϟāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ,' āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ,
53:31
‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.
839
3211920
3120
'āĻāĻ• āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ' āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
53:35
‘before they rested.’
840
3215600
1440
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇āĨ¤'
53:37
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
841
3217600
5600
āϤāĻžāχ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ• āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻž āϧāϰ⧇ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
53:43
Before they rested.
842
3223200
1360
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇āχāĨ¤
53:45
Let's move on.
843
3225120
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
53:46
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
844
3226800
6160
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞāĻ“ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
53:52
past.
845
3232960
480
āĨ¤
53:54
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
846
3234080
4960
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ,
53:59
why something happened.
847
3239040
1360
āϕ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤
54:00
We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.
848
3240960
5040
āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ' āĻŦāĻž 'āϏ⧋' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
54:06
Here, I'll explain.
849
3246000
1120
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ.
54:08
‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’
850
3248000
3840
'āĻœā§‡āϏāύ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏ⧇ āϜāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
54:12
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
851
3252720
3200
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰāĨ¤
54:16
‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’
852
3256560
4640
'āĻœā§‡āϏāύ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ,' āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋ 'āϕ⧇āύ?'
54:21
Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.
853
3261200
3600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϜāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ'āĨ¤
54:24
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
854
3264800
4480
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
54:29
‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,
855
3269840
3360
'he had been', āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ,
54:33
we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.
856
3273200
5120
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ 'had been' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ jogging – 'verb -ing'āĨ¤
54:38
‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.
857
3278320
5200
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϜāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ' āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧇āύ āĻœā§‡āϏāύ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
54:44
The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because
858
3284480
5520
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻĒāĻžāĻĨ' āĻŦāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋ 'āϭ⧇āϜāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ
54:50
it had been raining.’
859
3290000
2000
āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
54:52
Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.
860
3292000
5280
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋, 'āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϤ' āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
54:57
Why was the pavement wet?
861
3297280
1680
āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻĒāĻžāĻĨ āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§‡ āϗ⧇āϞ āϕ⧇āύ?
54:59
‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’
862
3299600
3840
'āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻĒāĻžāĻĨ āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§‡ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
55:04
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
863
3304800
2960
āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāχāĨ¤
55:07
‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
864
3307760
5600
'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻž āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•
55:13
tense.
865
3313360
320
āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤
55:14
‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.
866
3314400
5200
'āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇' āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āϰ⧁āĻŽāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻŽā§‡āϞ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
55:19
So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,
867
3319600
4240
āϤāĻžāχ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, 'āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ' āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋,
55:23
I used ‘so’.
868
3323840
1520
āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'āϤāĻžāχ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
55:25
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
869
3325360
3760
āϤāĻžāχ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āχāĨ¤
55:30
This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.
870
3330000
5280
āĻāχ, 'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻž āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻŦāϞ⧇āχ āϘāϰāϟāĻž āĻāϞ⧋āĻŽā§‡āϞ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞāĨ¤
55:36
This is the cause and this is the effect.
871
3336080
3760
āĻāϟāĻŋāχ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
55:40
Let's move on.
872
3340640
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
55:42
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
873
3342480
5440
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
55:47
Here are some examples.
874
3347920
1120
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāσ.
55:50
‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’
875
3350080
3600
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
55:54
So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
876
3354400
4880
āϤāĻžāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ', 'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āϏ⧇', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāϟāĻŋ',
55:59
just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,
877
3359920
6240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ', āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ 'āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ'-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇
56:06
we add ‘not’. ‘had not’
878
3366160
2320
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤ āύāĻž'. 'haad not'
56:09
‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
879
3369040
4480
'hadi not' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'hadi not' āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
56:13
Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.
880
3373520
3280
āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ 'had' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'not'-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŖāĨ¤
56:17
‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.
881
3377840
4720
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž' āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχāĨ¤ 'been + verb -ing' '
56:22
‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before
882
3382560
5840
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž āĨ¤' āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ
56:28
I quit.’
883
3388400
1680
āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĻāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇
56:30
The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long
884
3390080
4880
āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒ⧇āρāϝāĻŧāĻžāϜ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇ āύāĻž
56:34
before you cried.’
885
3394960
1120
āĨ¤'
56:36
Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.
886
3396720
3520
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇'-āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ 'āύāĻž' āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
56:41
‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’
887
3401680
3680
'āϏ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļ⧁āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āϏ⧇ āϘ⧁āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
56:46
Here, we have the contraction.
888
3406080
1680
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āφāϛ⧇.
56:48
And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it
889
3408880
3440
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϤ⧁āώāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ
56:52
stopped.’
890
3412320
400
āĨ¤'
56:53
Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.
891
3413360
3040
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ 'had not'-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
56:57
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.
892
3417200
3520
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'āφāϗ⧇' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
57:01
And in the last two, I used ‘when’.
893
3421360
2080
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ–āύ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
57:04
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
894
3424400
4160
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
57:09
Let's move on.
895
3429280
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
57:10
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
896
3430800
6000
āĻāĻ–āύ āφāϏāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
57:17
Here is the first example.
897
3437440
1600
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ.
57:19
‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’
898
3439840
3600
'āϏ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
57:24
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
899
3444000
5680
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ
57:29
two words.
900
3449680
720
āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ
57:30
Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.
901
3450960
5600
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤ 'He had'-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇, āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ—āĻ āύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ 'Had he' āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
57:37
‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’
902
3457360
3760
'āϏ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
57:42
The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was
903
3462000
4800
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āĻ˜ā§‡āω āĻ˜ā§‡āω āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ
57:46
scared.’
904
3466800
480
āĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
57:48
In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.
905
3468000
2560
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ 'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ'āĨ¤
57:51
And then we follow with ‘had’.
906
3471360
2480
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'had' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
57:53
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
907
3473840
3840
āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
57:58
‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’
908
3478400
3760
'āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‡āω āĻ˜ā§‡āω āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
58:02
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
909
3482800
5440
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇, āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤
58:09
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
910
3489120
5200
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϜāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇,
58:14
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
911
3494320
2720
āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻ•āϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
58:17
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
912
3497600
4320
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϜāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
58:21
Let's move on.
913
3501920
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
58:23
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
914
3503440
6240
āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ WH āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
58:30
Take a look at these examples.
915
3510240
2160
āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.
58:32
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
916
3512400
3840
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ WH āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
58:36
Why, where, what, and who.
917
3516240
3280
āϕ⧇āύ, āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϕ⧀, āϕ⧇āĨ¤
58:40
You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.
918
3520320
3600
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻžāĻ“ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇' āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āĨ¤
58:44
‘Why had’ ‘Where had’
919
3524560
2320
'āϕ⧇āύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' 'āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
58:46
‘What had’ and ‘Who had’
920
3526880
2000
'āϕ⧀ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ•āĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'
58:49
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
921
3529760
3920
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
58:54
‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’
922
3534400
4560
'Why had you' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ 'been + verb -ing'
58:59
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
923
3539680
4240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āχ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āύ āϝāĻž āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āϏāĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
59:03
So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’
924
3543920
2960
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ 'āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϤ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļ⧁āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇ āϕ⧇āύ?'
59:07
I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have
925
3547440
4800
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, ' āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āφāϛ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻāϤ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļ⧁āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ
59:12
a test.’
926
3552240
560
āĨ¤'
59:14
‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’
927
3554240
4080
'āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?'
59:18
I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’
928
3558320
3520
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
59:23
‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’
929
3563440
3760
'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧀ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ?'
59:27
I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’
930
3567920
3120
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦ⧇āϏāĻŦāϞ āϖ⧇āϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
59:31
And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she
931
3571760
4720
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, 'āϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ
59:36
left home?’
932
3576480
720
?'
59:37
I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’
933
3577840
3520
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, 'āϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻĢā§āϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
59:42
Let's move on.
934
3582160
800
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
59:43
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
935
3583760
3600
āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
59:48
Take a look at the first sentence.
936
3588080
2160
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
59:50
It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’
937
3590240
4960
āĻāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϧāϰ⧇āĨ¤'
59:56
Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense.
938
3596080
3760
āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ 'āĻ•āĻžāϜ' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
60:01
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.
939
3601760
5200
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'had been' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āϟ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
60:08
So we say, ‘They had been’.
940
3608000
2880
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ'āĨ¤
60:12
What happens to the verb?
941
3612000
1920
āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ?
60:13
Remember, we add ‘-ing’.
942
3613920
2240
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž '-ing' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
60:18
So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’
943
3618560
6400
āϤāĻžāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ, 'āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
60:26
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
944
3626000
2560
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
60:29
I want you to use the negative.
945
3629120
2000
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāύ.
60:31
‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’
946
3631920
4800
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ __ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĨ¤'
60:37
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
947
3637840
4640
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
60:42
and then ‘had not been’.
948
3642480
2000
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ 'had not' āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
60:47
Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
949
3647200
2400
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ 'āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ'āĨ¤
60:50
‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’.
950
3650240
5600
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž '-ing'āĨ¤
60:57
‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’
951
3657200
5120
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāĨ¤'
61:03
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
952
3663280
3520
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻāχ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
61:09
‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’
953
3669440
5120
'āϜāĻŋāύāĻž āφāϰ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤'
61:15
What's the error?
954
3675520
880
āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ?
61:17
You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’.
955
3677440
6400
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ '-ing' āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
61:24
To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing
956
3684880
5680
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, 'āϜāĻŋāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ
61:30
any work before we started.’
957
3690560
2080
āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž āĨ¤'
61:33
Now, find the mistake here.
958
3693600
1760
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāϜ⧁āύāĨ¤
61:36
‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
959
3696480
4960
'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āχāωāϟāĻŋāωāĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ…āĻŦāϏāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
61:43
‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’.
960
3703440
6240
'āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ', āĻāϟāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ 'āĻšāϤ⧇'-āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
61:50
And ‘watching’ is correct.
961
3710560
1600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
61:52
So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
962
3712160
5280
āϤāĻžāχ, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āχāωāϟāĻŋāωāĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ…āĻŦāϏāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
61:58
Let's move on.
963
3718160
720
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
61:59
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
964
3719760
4960
āĻāĻ–āύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻžāύāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āφāĻĒ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
62:05
Take a look at the first example.
965
3725280
1840
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
62:07
It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’
966
3727760
4640
āĻāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āϕ⧋āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ __ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāϚāĻžāϰ⧀āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
62:13
Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.
967
3733200
4240
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ 'āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽā§‹āϟ' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
62:18
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’.
968
3738640
4480
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'had been' āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
62:23
So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’.
969
3743840
10000
āϤāĻžāχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ, 'The company had been' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ verb '-ing', āϤāĻžāχ 'promoting'āĨ¤
62:35
‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’
970
3755120
4560
'āϕ⧋āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§‹āĻ¨ā§āύāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
62:40
The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
971
3760480
6320
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, 'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻ•ā§āώāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āχāĻŽā§‡āϞ __ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ
62:46
folder.’
972
3766800
1200
āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
62:48
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb ‘get’.
973
3768000
3600
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, 'get' āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
62:53
Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’
974
3773360
4880
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž'
62:59
Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’.
975
3779120
3920
āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž'āĨ¤
63:05
‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’
976
3785680
5840
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻ•ā§āώāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āχāĻŽā§‡āϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤'
63:12
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
977
3792400
3440
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
63:18
‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’
978
3798000
4000
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
63:22
What's the mistake?
979
3802640
1040
āϭ⧁āϞ āĻ•āĻŋ?
63:24
Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
980
3804400
5440
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ '-ing' āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
63:30
‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’
981
3810560
3760
'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤'
63:35
The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’
982
3815200
5520
āĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇, 'āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϧ⧂āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤'
63:41
Can you find the mistake?
983
3821600
2480
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϭ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ?
63:44
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
984
3824080
3520
āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻžāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
63:48
In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’.
985
3828160
5360
āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'has' āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ, 'has' āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
63:54
Great job, everyone.
986
3834400
1280
āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
63:55
Let's move on.
987
3835680
1200
āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
63:56
Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the past tense. 
988
3836880
4160
āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϞ
64:01
Now, if you haven’t had a chance to check  out my grammar course on the present tense  
989
3841040
4240
āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āύāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āύ
64:05
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you  
990
3845280
4960
, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύāχ āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāĻŋ
64:10
next time. Bye.
991
3850240
1600
āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇ . āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āĻāχ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦāϏāĻžāχāϟ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇

āĻāχ āϏāĻžāχāϟāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ YouTube āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāϤ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ™ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇⧎ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇, āĻāχ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7