PAST TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

704,239 views ใƒป 2021-10-07

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody. Iโ€™m Esther.ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past tense. Weโ€™ll talk about the past simple, past continuous,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•,
00:09
past perfect, and past perfect continuous tense. Thereโ€™s a lot to study,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ ,
00:15
and thereโ€™s a lot to practice. So letโ€™s get started.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:25
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ, ํ–‰๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:45
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•
00:48
in the past simple tense.
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:51
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
We use the 'be' verbs, โ€˜wasโ€™ and โ€˜wereโ€™ in this tense.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'was'์™€ 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Take a look at the examples.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:04
โ€˜I was scared.โ€™
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'๋‚œ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.'
01:06
โ€˜James', or he 'was a teacher.โ€™
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'์ œ์ž„์Šค', ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š” '์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:10
โ€˜She was sad.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šฌํސ๋‹ค.'
01:13
โ€˜My dog was hungry.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒ ์–ด์š”.'
01:15
โ€˜My dogโ€™ can be โ€˜itโ€™.
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'๋‚ด ๊ฐœ'๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
So for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we use the past tense 'be' verb, โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋‚˜', '๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
However, for โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜wereโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
โ€˜You were a good student.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:33
โ€˜Your parents, or they were at the park.โ€™ and โ€˜We were at home for two hours.โ€™
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'๋„ค ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณต์›์— ๊ณ„์…จ์–ด.' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:42
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
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์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Great job.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
01:47
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:49
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Take a look at these examples.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:56
โ€˜Liam played a game.โ€™
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'๋ฆฌ์•”์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
01:59
Liam is a โ€˜heโ€™,
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Liam์€ '๊ทธ'
02:01
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add โ€˜dโ€™ or โ€˜edโ€™
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
02:12
to the end of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 'd' ๋˜๋Š” 'ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Here the verb is โ€˜playโ€™, so I added โ€˜-edโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'play'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '-ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
โ€˜Liam played a game.โ€™
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'๋ฆฌ์•”์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
02:22
โ€˜The car, or it needed gas.โ€™
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'์ฐจ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.'
02:26
The verb here is โ€˜needโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
For the past simple tense, I added โ€˜-edโ€™.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์—๋Š” '-ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
โ€˜We watched a movie.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.'
02:34
Again, an โ€˜edโ€™ at the of โ€˜watchโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'watch'์— 'ed'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
โ€˜You exercised for an hour.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:41
In this case, the verb is โ€˜exerciseโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šด๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
I only need to add a โ€˜dโ€™ to make it the past tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด 'd'๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
And finally, โ€˜They usually worked after school.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:53
The verb is โ€˜workโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผ'์ด๋‹ค.
02:54
And I added an โ€˜edโ€™ to make it in the past tense.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
The word โ€˜usuallyโ€™ shows that this was a habit.
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'๋ณดํ†ต'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์Šต๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:08
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:09
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add โ€˜dโ€™ or โ€˜edโ€™ to make a verb into the past tense.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'd' ๋˜๋Š” 'ed'๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
โ€˜I ate with my friend.โ€™
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'์นœ๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด.'
03:32
The verb here is โ€˜ateโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
โ€˜ateโ€™ is the past simple tense of โ€˜eatโ€™.
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'ate'๋Š” 'eat'์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
The next example says, โ€˜Nara wrote a story.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
The verb is โ€˜writeโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์“ฐ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to โ€˜wroteโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ '์ผ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค.
03:53
โ€˜You often came home late.โ€™
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'๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€.'
03:56
The verb here is โ€˜comeโ€™ and it's been changed to โ€˜cameโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์˜ค๋‹ค'์ธ๋ฐ '์™”๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
You'll notice that we had the word โ€˜oftenโ€™ to show a habit.
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์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์ž์ฃผ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
โ€˜We bought a camera.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.'
04:09
The verb here is โ€˜buyโ€™ and it's been changed to โ€˜boughtโ€™ to show the past simple tense.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'buy'์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'bought'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
And finally, โ€˜My parents sent me money for a year.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด 1๋…„์น˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.'
04:21
Here the verb โ€˜sentโ€™ is the past tense of โ€˜sendโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Here we also see โ€˜for a yearโ€™, this shows duration.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” '1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ'๋„ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:33
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:41
The first one says, โ€˜I was not hungry.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ์–ด์˜ ๋ถ€์ • 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ
04:49
I f the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ or โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜was notโ€™.
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I๋Š” 'I', 'he', 'she' ๋˜๋Š” 'it'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'was not'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
For example, โ€˜I was notโ€™ or โ€˜she was notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜wasn'tโ€™.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 'I was not' ๋˜๋Š” 'she was not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'wasn't'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
โ€˜I wasn'tโ€™.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'.
05:04
โ€˜She wasn'tโ€™.
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด'.
05:05
So let's look again, โ€˜I was not hungry.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ '๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
05:10
โ€˜She wasn't home today.โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
05:13
Now, if the subject is โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ž, ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด
05:17
We say โ€˜were notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜weren'tโ€™.
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'were not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ 'weren't'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
โ€˜The children, or they were not quiet.โ€™
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
05:26
โ€˜The children were not quiet.โ€™
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:30
And then, โ€˜The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ฐœ', ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค, '์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'.
05:37
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:38
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
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์ด์ œ 'be'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
regular or irregular.
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๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด๋“  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด๋“ .
05:47
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:49
โ€˜I did not like him.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.'
05:52
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put โ€˜did notโ€™ after the subject.
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'be'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'did not'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
We keep the base verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
โ€˜He didn't catch the ball.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:09
Again, it's โ€˜he did notโ€™, but here we used a contraction,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
06:14
โ€˜He didn't catch the ball.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ์žก์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
โ€˜They didn't dance.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
06:19
Again, here's the contraction for โ€˜did notโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
And finally, โ€˜We didn't think about that.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:37
Again, we simply say โ€˜did notโ€™ or โ€˜didn'tโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:43
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:51
โ€˜He was angry.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ ๋‹ค.'
06:54
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
It's quite easy.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
โ€˜Was he angry?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?'
07:07
You can answer by saying โ€˜Yes, he was.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he wasn't.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:13
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋„ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
โ€˜They were comfortable.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
07:19
So again, switch the first two words.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:22
โ€˜Were they comfortable?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
07:24
The answers can be, โ€˜Yes, they were.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
or โ€˜No, they weren't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:29
However, look at the third sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:32
โ€˜Sam lived here.โ€™
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'์ƒ˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:34
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Instead, we see the action verb โ€˜livedโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'lived'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
07:44
we start the question with โ€˜didโ€™.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
โ€˜Did Sam live here?โ€™
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'์ƒ˜์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
07:49
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
We use the base form of the verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
โ€˜Did Sam live here?โ€™
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'์ƒ˜์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
07:59
You can say โ€˜Yes, he did.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
or โ€˜No, he didn't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
08:04
The last sentence is similar.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
08:06
โ€˜They won the contest last year.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
08:10
The verb here is โ€˜wonโ€™, that's not a 'be' verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'won'์ด๊ณ , 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
So again, we start the question with โ€˜didโ€™ .
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ 'did'๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And then the subject โ€˜theyโ€™, we use the base form of the verb and that's โ€˜winโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด 'they'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 'win'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
โ€˜Did they win the contest last year?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
08:28
You can say, โ€˜Yes, they did.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
or โ€˜No, they didn't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
08:32
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:33
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:42
We have some WH words here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— WH ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
โ€˜Whatโ€™ โ€˜Whenโ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡' '์–ธ์ œ'
08:47
โ€˜Whereโ€™ and โ€˜Whyโ€™
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'์–ด๋””'์™€ '์™œ'
08:49
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word โ€˜didโ€™.
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๊ฐ WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
โ€˜What didโ€™ โ€˜When didโ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€' '์–ธ์ œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€'
08:56
โ€˜Where didโ€™ and โ€˜Why didโ€™.
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'์–ด๋””์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์™œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€'.
08:59
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
So, let's take a look.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
โ€˜What did you do last night?โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
09:10
โ€˜What did you do last night?โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
09:12
I can answer by saying something like, โ€˜I watched a movie.โ€™
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'์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:17
Or โ€˜I read a book.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
09:19
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
โ€˜When did you get home last night?โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ง‘์— ์–ธ์ œ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
09:26
โ€˜I got home at 10 p.m.โ€™
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'๋ฐค 10์‹œ์— ์ง‘์— ์™”์–ด์š”'
09:30
โ€˜Where did they eat lunch?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
09:32
โ€˜They ate lunch at home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
09:34
Again, โ€˜ateโ€™ is the past tense of โ€˜eatโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๋จน๋‹ค'๋Š” '๋จน๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Answer in the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:41
And finally, โ€˜Why did the company hire him?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?'
09:45
โ€˜The company hired him because he's a hard worker.โ€™
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'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
09:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:51
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š”
09:53
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
09:58
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are โ€˜wasโ€™ or โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'was' ๋˜๋Š” 'were'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:03
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
โ€˜He __ at work earlier.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๊นŒ ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.'
10:09
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
So do we use โ€˜wasโ€™ or โ€˜wereโ€™?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 'was'๋‚˜ 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
10:14
The correct answer is โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
10:17
โ€˜He was at work earlier.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๊นŒ ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
10:21
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
10:22
โ€˜We _____ very happy yesterday.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
If the subject is โ€˜weโ€™, remember the be verb is โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'we'๋ผ๋ฉด be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'were'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:33
โ€˜We were very happy yesterday.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
10:36
Next, โ€˜My parents or they __ worried about me.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ '๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค.'
10:42
If it's 'they', remember we have to say โ€˜wereโ€™.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:47
โ€˜My parents were worried about me.โ€™
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'๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์…จ์–ด.'
10:50
If I want to use the negative, I can also say โ€˜My parents weren't worried about me.โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด '๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
And that's possible.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
โ€˜We wasn't good students.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
11:05
We wasn't good students.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
Can you figure out what's wrong?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:10
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™, so we don't say โ€˜was notโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
We need to say โ€˜were notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜weren'tโ€™.
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'์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
โ€˜We weren't good students,โ€™ is the correct answer.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”'๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
The next one says, โ€˜Were she a teacher?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
That's correct, but the subject here is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Therefore, we need to start with โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'was'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
โ€˜Was she a teacher?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
11:46
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
11:47
โ€˜They wasn't at school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
11:50
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™, so the answer is
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ต์€
11:58
โ€˜They weren't at school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
You can use the contraction โ€˜weren'tโ€™ or โ€˜were notโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'weren't' ๋˜๋Š” 'were not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:15
โ€˜He ____ at home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ____ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
12:17
The verb is โ€˜studyโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
12:22
the past tense, we add โ€˜dโ€™ or โ€˜edโ€™ to the end of the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 'd' ๋˜๋Š” 'ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:27
verb.
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.
12:28
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in โ€˜yโ€™.
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๋‹จ, 'y'๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
Such as, โ€˜studyโ€™.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด '๊ณต๋ถ€'.
12:34
We drop the โ€˜yโ€™ and we add โ€˜iedโ€™.
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'y'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  'ied'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
So the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€
12:40
โ€˜He studied at home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
12:45
The next sentence says, โ€˜We __ pencils.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'We __ pencils'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
We want to use negative because it says โ€˜not useโ€™.
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'์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Remember for the negative, we always use โ€˜did notโ€™, no matter what the subject.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ 'did not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
You can also use the contraction โ€˜didn'tโ€™.
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'didn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
Now, what do we do to the verb?
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:08
We keep it as โ€˜isโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ '์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ' ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
We do not change it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
โ€˜We didn'tโ€™ or โ€˜We did notโ€™ use pencils.
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์—ฐํ•„์„ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
13:18
The next sentence says, โ€˜His friends or they walk to the gym.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
What's the past tense of โ€˜walkโ€™?
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'๊ฑท๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:27
We simply have to add โ€˜edโ€™ because it's a regular verb.
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'ed'๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
โ€˜His friends walked to the gym.โ€™
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'๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
13:38
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:44
โ€˜She didn't likes math.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
13:47
โ€˜didn'tโ€™ is correct.
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'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
However, remember we keep the verb as โ€˜isโ€™ in the base form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 'is'๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:55
So we don't say โ€˜likesโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
We say โ€˜likeโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
โ€˜She didn't like math.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
14:02
The next sentence says, โ€˜Did it rained this morning?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
Now this is a question.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
In a question, itโ€™s right to start the sentence with โ€˜Didโ€™.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'Did'๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
โ€˜Did it rained?โ€™
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'๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
14:14
Do you notice the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
14:16
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:22
We use the base form of the verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
โ€˜Did it rain this morning?โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
14:27
And finally, โ€˜They not play the piano.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
14:31
The verb is an action verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค.
14:33
So we need a โ€˜didโ€™ in front of โ€˜notโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'not' ์•ž์— 'did'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
โ€˜They did not play the piano.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
14:42
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:51
โ€˜He __ to school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” __ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
14:54
And the verb is โ€˜runโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
โ€˜runโ€™ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is โ€˜ranโ€™.
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'run'์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ 'ran'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
โ€˜He ran to school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
15:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜We __ flowers.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'We __ flowers.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
We want to use the negative because here it says โ€˜not growโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
15:18
we say โ€˜did notโ€™
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'
15:23
or โ€˜didn'tโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
โ€˜We did not growโ€™ or โ€˜We didn't grow flowers.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
15:37
The next sentence says, โ€˜Where __ you teach last year?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์ž‘๋…„์— __ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
This is a question.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
Again, all we need to put is โ€˜didโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
โ€˜Where did you teach last year?โ€™
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'์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‚˜์š”?'
15:51
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
We always go with โ€˜didโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ 'did'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:01
โ€˜He didn't sold newspapers.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
16:04
Remember, in the negative, โ€˜didn'tโ€™ is correct for whatever subject there is.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ์—๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 'didn't'๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:11
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So the correct answer is, โ€˜He didn't sell newspapers.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
16:21
The next sentence says, โ€˜Did she sing a song?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
โ€˜sangโ€™ is the irregular past tense form of โ€˜singโ€™.
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'sang'์€ 'sing'์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
But in a question, if it starts with โ€˜didโ€™,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ 'did'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
16:36
we use the base form.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
โ€˜Did she sing a song?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‚˜์š”?'
16:42
And finally, โ€˜We taked it home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
16:46
Does that sound right?
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๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
16:48
โ€˜takedโ€™ is not correct.
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'์ฐ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
The past tense of โ€˜takeโ€™ is โ€˜tookโ€™.
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'take'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ 'take'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
โ€˜We took it home.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
16:58
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
17:00
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:01
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
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์™€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:08
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
Bye.ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•.
17:25
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
17:26
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
In this video.
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ.
17:29
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
Let's take a look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
โ€˜I was walking in the park in the evening.โ€™
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'์ €๋…์— ๊ณต์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
18:08
So first we start with the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € '๋‚˜'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with โ€˜wasโ€™.
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I, he, she, and it์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'was'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
โ€˜I wasโ€™
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'I was'
18:18
And then we add an โ€˜INGโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 'ING'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
โ€˜I was walkingโ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
18:25
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:28
โ€˜I was walking in the park in the evening.โ€™
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'์ €๋…์— ๊ณต์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
18:31
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Let's look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
โ€˜She was living here last year.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
18:44
Here, the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
So again we use โ€˜wasโ€™ and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'verb-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:50
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด โ€‹โ€‹ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
โ€˜The dog,โ€™ or โ€˜itโ€™, โ€˜was eating dinner five minutes ago.โ€™
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'๊ฐœ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์€ '5๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
19:04
The subject here is โ€˜the dogโ€™ which can be replaced by the pronoun โ€˜itโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'the dog'์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'it'๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
And so we follow with โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'was'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
And finally, โ€˜Andy and Jim,โ€™ we can replace this with โ€˜theyโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'Andy and Jim'์„ '๊ทธ๋“ค'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
For โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜wereโ€™.
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'๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
โ€˜They wereโ€™, or โ€˜Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•ค๋””์™€ ์ง์€ ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ์— ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
19:30
Let's move on.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
19:36
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word โ€˜whenโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
Let's take a look at this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
โ€˜I was playing cards when you called.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นด๋“œ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
19:52
Again we start with the subject โ€˜wasโ€™ or โ€˜wereโ€™,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด 'was' ๋˜๋Š” 'were'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
19:56
and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ 'verb-ing'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋™์ž‘์ธ
20:03
โ€˜I was playing cardsโ€™
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'I was Playing Cards'
20:05
The interrupting action in this sentence is โ€˜you calledโ€™.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘๋‹จ ๋™์ž‘์€ 'you Called'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '.
20:10
You'll notice I use the word โ€˜whenโ€™ to show the interrupting actionโ€™
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์ œ๊ฐ€ '์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:15
And I used it in the past simple tense, โ€˜calledโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ '๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:20
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
โ€˜The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.โ€™
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์—๋ฆญ์ด ์ง‘์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ '๊ณ ์–‘์ด' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
20:28
Again the action in progress is โ€˜the cat was eatingโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์€ '๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
And โ€˜Eric came homeโ€™, you'll notice the past simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'Eric came home'์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
This is the interrupting action used with the word โ€˜whenโ€™.
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'์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:43
โ€˜We were sleeping when Anne arrived.โ€™
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'์•ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
20:46
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
And so we used โ€˜wereโ€™ and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'verb-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
โ€˜When Anne arrivedโ€™ is the interrupting action.
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'์•ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
And finally, โ€˜Alicia and Iโ€™, or โ€˜We' were walking when we saw Mark.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ '์•จ๋ฆฌ์ƒค์™€ ๋‚˜', ์ฆ‰ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
21:09
โ€˜When we saw Markโ€™ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing โ€˜Alicia
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ'๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ '์•จ๋ฆฌ์ƒค
21:15
and I were walkingโ€™.
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์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ
21:17
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
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๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋‹ค
21:23
say,
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.
21:24
โ€˜When you called, I was playing cards,โ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นด๋“œ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
21:27
or โ€˜When Eric came home, the cat was eating.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์—๋ฆญ์ด ์ง‘์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
21:33
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€
21:38
happening at the same time in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word โ€˜whileโ€™.
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'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:47
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
The first sentence says, โ€˜While I was playing soccer, she was watching
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
21:55
me.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
21:56
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:01
โ€˜I was playing soccerโ€™ and โ€˜She was watching meโ€™.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'.
22:05
The word โ€˜whileโ€™ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
โ€˜While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
22:16
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
The word โ€˜whileโ€™ shows that they were happening at the same time.
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'๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
โ€˜While Her husbandโ€™ or โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜was driving
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'๋‚จํŽธ' ํ˜น์€ '๊ทธ', '์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
22:31
she was taking pictures.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
22:34
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:38
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
22:39
โ€˜While we were eating, the music was playing.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์Œ์•…์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.'
22:44
Both actions were happening at the same time.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:48
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word โ€˜whileโ€™ comes at the beginning,
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:54
however, it's important to note that you can move the word โ€˜whileโ€™ around in several
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€
22:59
ways.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
For example, instead of saying this,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
23:03
โ€˜While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.โ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ .
23:06
I can move โ€˜whileโ€™ to the middle of the sentence.
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'while'์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
โ€˜I was playing soccer while she was watching me.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
23:13
I can put the โ€˜whileโ€™ between the two actions.
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๋‘ ์ž‘์—… ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'while'์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
23:20
โ€˜While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:24
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the โ€˜whileโ€™ if you put it in the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'while'์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:29
beginning.
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.
23:31
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:32
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
23:39
โ€˜She was not reading last night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
23:42
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™ and so we use โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:46
However, before the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™, we add โ€˜notโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '๋™์‚ฌ-ing' ์•ž์—๋Š” 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
โ€˜She was not reading last night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
23:54
I can use a contraction and say,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
23:57
โ€˜She wasn't reading last night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
24:00
โ€˜We were not listening to music this morning.โ€™
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
24:04
In this case, the subject is โ€˜weโ€™ and so we use โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'we'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
Again โ€˜notโ€™ comes before the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'not'์ด 'verb-ing' ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:13
โ€˜We were not listening to music this morning.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
24:16
Again I can use a contraction and say,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
24:19
โ€˜We weren't listening to music this morning.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:22
And the next one says, โ€˜He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€
24:27
home.โ€™
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์ง‘์— ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๋•Œ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
24:29
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'He was not watch TV'๋ผ๋Š”
24:32
โ€˜He wasn't watching TVโ€™.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:35
You'll notice the word โ€˜whenโ€™.
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. '์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:38
Remember โ€˜whenโ€™ + โ€˜a past simple tense verbโ€™ shows an interrupting action,
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'when' + '๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด
24:44
so, โ€˜When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.โ€™
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๋ฏ€๋กœ 'When his father came home he'n't watch TV.'๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:49
He was doing something else.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:51
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
24:52
โ€˜They weren't talking while the game was playing.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.'
24:56
The word โ€˜whileโ€™ is in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
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์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—… 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
25:05
so โ€˜While the game was playing they weren't talkingโ€™.
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'๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
25:09
They were doing something else.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
Let's move on now.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:13
Let's talk about how to form โ€˜beโ€™ verb questions for the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
25:18
Take a look at the first statement.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
25:21
It says,
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
25:22
โ€˜It was raining this morning.โ€™
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์š” .
25:24
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:28
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:32
Instead of โ€˜It wasโ€™, I now say โ€˜Was itโ€™ to make it a question.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ด์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:38
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:43
โ€˜Was it raining this morning?โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
25:45
You can answer by saying, โ€˜Yes, it was.โ€™ or โ€˜No, it wasn't.โ€™
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'๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
25:51
The next statement says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ง„์ˆ ์—๋Š”
25:52
โ€˜They were living there when the fire happened.โ€™
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'ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:56
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
Instead of โ€˜They wereโ€™, we say โ€˜Were theyโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:06
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:10
โ€˜Were they living there when the fire happened?โ€™
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'ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
26:14
And you can answer by saying,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
26:15
โ€˜Yes, they wereโ€™ or โ€˜No, they weren't.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
Let's continue on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
26:21
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:27
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ๋ถ€ WH ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:32
For example, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whyโ€™, and โ€˜whoโ€™.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋ฌด์—‡', '์–ด๋””', '์™œ', '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ' ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:38
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
โ€˜What were they doing last night?โ€
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
26:43
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:47
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:52
In this case, โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
โ€˜What were they doing last night?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
26:57
You'll notice that after the subject comes the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:02
โ€˜What were they doing last night?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
27:04
I can answer by saying, โ€˜They were playing gamesโ€™ or
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ํ˜น์€
27:08
โ€˜They were reading a bookโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
The next question says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
27:13
โ€˜Where was he working last week?โ€™
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'์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
27:16
In this case the subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and so the be verb to use is โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'was'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:22
โ€˜Where was he working last week?โ€™
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'์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”?'
27:25
I can say, โ€˜He was working in Canada.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
27:30
โ€˜Why was she crying when she finished the book?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์™œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
27:34
In this case, the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™ and so I put โ€˜wasโ€™ after โ€˜whyโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'why' ๋’ค์— 'was'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:40
โ€˜Why was she crying when she finished the book?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์™œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
27:44
I can say, โ€˜She was crying because the ending was sad.โ€™
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'๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ์Šฌํผ์„œ ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
27:49
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
27:50
โ€˜Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?โ€™
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'์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?'
27:55
In this case, โ€˜the childrenโ€™ is a โ€˜theyโ€™
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'the children'์€ 'they'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
27:59
so we follow 'who' with โ€˜wereโ€™.
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'who' ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'were'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
โ€˜Who were theyโ€™ or
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?' ๋˜๋Š”
28:04
โ€˜Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?โ€™
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'์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?'
28:09
To answer, I can say, โ€˜The childrenโ€™ or
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, '์•„์ด๋“ค' ๋˜๋Š”
28:12
โ€˜They were staying with their dad.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋น ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:16
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:17
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
28:25
โ€˜Last night they were blank at school.โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ํ…… ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
28:29
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb โ€˜stayโ€™.
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'stay'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:34
โ€˜not stayโ€™
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'๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ'
28:35
What do you think it is?
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๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
28:38
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—๋Š”
28:42
all you have to do is put โ€˜notโ€™ and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™ after the 'be' verb.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— 'not'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  'verb-ing'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:48
โ€˜They were not staying at school last.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
28:58
โ€˜Last night, they were not staying at school.โ€™
461
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:01
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
29:03
โ€˜Two days ago you blank soccer.โ€™
463
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'์ดํ‹€ ์ „ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:07
Again try the negative for the verb โ€˜playโ€™.
464
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๋‹ค์‹œ 'play'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:12
โ€˜Two days ago blank not play soccer.โ€™
465
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'์ดํ‹€ ์ „ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:16
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
466
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:21
If the subject is โ€˜youโ€™, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋„ˆ'๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค be๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
29:27
The correct answer is โ€˜wereโ€™.
468
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์—ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
29:30
And then, we say โ€˜notโ€™.
469
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:34
What happens after that?
470
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
29:36
Remember, โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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'๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
29:39
So โ€˜you were not playingโ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'you was not play'
29:43
โ€˜two days ago, you were not playing soccerโ€™
473
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'two days ago, you was not player football'์„
29:47
You can also use a contraction and say,
474
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'You was not play football'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:49
โ€˜You weren't playing soccer.โ€™
475
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.
29:52
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
476
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:56
โ€˜Yesterday, she were reading at home.โ€™
477
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'์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
29:59
hmmm
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ํ 
30:00
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™ so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb to use is not โ€˜wereโ€™.
479
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'were'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
It's 'was'.
480
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'์˜€๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:10
โ€˜Yesterday, she was reading at home.โ€™
481
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'์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
30:14
In the next sentence it says, โ€˜Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.โ€™
482
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๋‚ด์ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:20
hmmm
483
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ํ 
30:21
โ€˜Theyโ€™ and โ€˜wereโ€™
484
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'๊ทธ๋“ค'๊ณผ '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
30:23
That's correct.
485
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:24
And we have the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:27
So what's the mistake?
487
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
30:29
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
488
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
30:33
โ€˜Tomorrowโ€™ is not the past.
489
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'๋‚ด์ผ'์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:36
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
490
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:40
For example, I can say, โ€˜yesterdayโ€™.
491
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '์–ด์ œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:46
โ€˜Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.โ€™
492
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'์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
30:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
30:51
Now, let's start a checkup of the โ€˜whenโ€™ usage
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜
30:54
of the past continuous tense.
495
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'์–ธ์ œ' ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:56
Take a look at the first example.
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
30:59
It says, โ€˜Andrea and Johnโ€™ blank when they bank hurt.โ€™
497
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'์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์™€ ์กด'์ด ์€ํ–‰์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
31:05
Remember โ€˜whenโ€™ shows an interrupting action.
498
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'์–ธ์ œ'๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
31:09
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
499
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:12
So let's first look at the second blank.
500
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:15
โ€˜When they blank hurtโ€™
501
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'
31:18
What's the past tense of the verb โ€˜getโ€™?
502
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๋™์‚ฌ 'get'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
31:20
The answer is โ€˜gotโ€™.
503
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๋‹ต์€ '์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
31:24
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
504
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:29
โ€˜Andrea and Johnโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™
505
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'์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์™€ ์กด' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'
31:33
Well what comes after โ€˜theyโ€™?
506
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ '๊ทธ๋“ค' ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์˜ค๋‚˜์š”?
31:35
โ€˜wereโ€™.
507
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'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'.
31:37
โ€˜Andrea and John wereโ€™
508
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'Andrea and John was'
31:39
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
509
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— -ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
31:44
โ€˜They were skiingโ€™ or โ€˜Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurtโ€™.
510
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋˜๋Š” '์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์™€ ์กด์€ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
31:52
The next example says, โ€˜It blank not raining when the game blankโ€™.
511
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:57
And I want you to use the verb โ€˜startโ€™ for the second blank.
512
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'start'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:02
Take a look โ€˜when the game blankโ€™ what's the past tense of โ€˜startโ€™?
513
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'๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ผ ๋•Œ'๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. '์‹œ์ž‘'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
32:09
โ€˜startedโ€™
514
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'์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'
32:10
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
515
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:14
The subject is โ€˜itโ€™.
516
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋‹ค.
32:17
So what โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for 'it'?
517
1937120
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 'it'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
32:21
โ€˜wasโ€™
518
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'์˜€์ง€'
32:22
โ€˜It was not raining when the game started.โ€™
519
1942800
2720
'๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.'
32:26
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
520
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
32:32
โ€˜I wasn't study at the library yesterdayโ€™.
521
1952160
4000
'๋‚˜ ์–ด์ œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด'.
32:36
The subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™ and so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜wasโ€™ is correct.
522
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:42
Here there's a contraction, โ€˜I wasn'tโ€™ for โ€˜I was notโ€™.
523
1962720
4640
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:48
Now the problem is with the verb.
524
1968320
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:51
Remember we need to put โ€˜โ€“ingโ€™ at the end of the verb.
525
1971120
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
32:56
โ€˜I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.โ€™
526
1976320
3440
'๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
33:00
And finally, โ€˜We did meet our friends last weekend.โ€™
527
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
33:06
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
528
1986320
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๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
33:12
Take a look again.
529
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960
๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
33:13
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
530
1993760
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋‹ค.
33:16
We need a โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
531
1996080
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:18
โ€˜wereโ€™
532
1998000
480
'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'
33:20
Then what happens?
533
2000240
960
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
33:21
Remember, we need to add an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
534
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
33:27
so we take out โ€˜didโ€™ and say, โ€˜We were meeting our friends last weekend.โ€™
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'did'๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  'We was Meet our friends last Weekend'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:33
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
33:34
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the โ€˜whileโ€™ usage of the past continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ 'while' ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:40
Take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
33:42
โ€˜While I blank someone blank my bike.โ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋น„์šฐ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„์›Œ๋ผ.'
33:47
When we use โ€˜whileโ€™ in the past continuous tense,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ 'while'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
33:50
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
33:55
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:59
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:04
โ€˜While I blankโ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋™์•ˆ'
34:06
I want you to use โ€˜shopโ€™ in the first blank.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์— 'shop'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:10
Remember, the subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™ so I need to use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:17
Then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:23
โ€˜While I was shoppingโ€™
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'์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ'
34:26
Now โ€˜someoneโ€™ can be a โ€˜heโ€™ or โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€'๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:30
Therefore, again we need to use โ€˜wasโ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ
34:34
and then the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™ of โ€˜stealโ€™.
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๋‹ค์Œ 'steal'์˜ '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:39
โ€˜While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.โ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ›”์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
34:43
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
34:45
โ€˜While he blankโ€™
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'While he ๊ณต๋ฐฑ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:48
I want you to use the verb โ€˜cookโ€™.
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. ๋™์‚ฌ 'cook'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:51
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and so I need to use โ€˜was cookingโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'was Cooking'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:58
โ€˜While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
35:08
Did you get that?
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด?
35:10
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
35:11
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
35:17
โ€˜Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.โ€™
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'์ œ์ธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
35:22
The first part of the sentence is correct.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:25
โ€˜Jane was lookingโ€™
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'Jane was looking'
35:28
Now the second part of the sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:31
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
35:34
โ€˜While we get off the planeโ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ'
35:37
So what we need to do is say, โ€˜were gettingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ 'were getting'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:44
โ€˜Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ์ธ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
35:50
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleepโ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:56
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:02
My wife is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and so I need to say โ€˜was sleepingโ€™.
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๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:11
โ€˜I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.โ€™
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'์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
36:15
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
36:16
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
36:18
Good job, everybody in learning the pastย ย 
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์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
36:21
continuous tense.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:22
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:27
Especially when it comes to the โ€˜whenโ€™ and โ€˜whileโ€™ usage.
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ํŠนํžˆ '์–ธ์ œ'์™€ '๋™์•ˆ' ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด์š”.
36:31
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:35
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:47
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
36:48
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:49
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:53
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:00
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
37:05
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:08
So keep watching.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
37:12
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:17
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
37:21
that happened before another action in the past.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
37:24
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
37:26
โ€˜I have visited China before I moved there.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:30
No matter what the subject you follow with โ€˜hadโ€™,
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'had'๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:33
So that's easy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:35
โ€˜I hadโ€™ โ€˜Steve hadโ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด' '์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด'
37:37
โ€˜The plane hadโ€™ and โ€˜We hadโ€™.
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'๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด'.
37:40
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:44
In this case, it's โ€˜visitedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:47
โ€˜I had visited China.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
37:49
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:54
โ€˜I moved there.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:55
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:59
โ€˜Steve had bought the book.โ€™
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'์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.'
38:01
Again, โ€˜subjectโ€™, โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜past participleโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ '์ฃผ์–ด', 'had', '๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:06
In this case, the verb is โ€˜buyโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ตฌ๋งค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:08
โ€˜Steve had bought the book before he read it.โ€™
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'์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
38:13
Again, we have the simple tense of โ€˜readโ€™ which is โ€˜readโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” '์ฝ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:18
And finally, โ€˜The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
38:23
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:28
โ€˜The plane had leftโ€™.
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'๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'.
38:30
This is the past participle of โ€˜leaveโ€™.
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'leave'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:33
The second verb says, โ€˜I got to the airport.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'I got to the Airport'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:37
โ€˜gotโ€™ is the past tense of โ€˜getโ€™.
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'์–ป๋‹ค'๋Š” '์–ป๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
38:40
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, โ€˜beforeโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ '์ „์—'๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:47
โ€˜beforeโ€™ or โ€˜by the timeโ€™.
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'์ด์ „' ๋˜๋Š” '๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ'.
38:49
They all mean the same thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:52
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:57
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” after์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:01
So again, for the first example.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:04
โ€˜before I move thereโ€™ That happened later.
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'๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—' ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:08
Before that, โ€˜I had already visited China.โ€™
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๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
39:12
Do you understand how that works?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
39:14
Let's take a look at the last example.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:17
โ€˜When they arrived, we had already started the game.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
39:21
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:24
But โ€˜When they arrivedโ€™, this is the past simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
39:28
So this happened second.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:31
โ€˜We had already started the game.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
39:34
This action had already started.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:37
It started before this action.
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์ด ์ž‘์—… ์ด์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:40
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
39:42
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
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์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด์ „์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜
39:47
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:52
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:56
How long that first action happened.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:59
We do this by using four and a duration.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:03
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
40:05
โ€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
40:10
This is very similar to the first usage.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:13
โ€˜I hadโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
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'I had'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
40:18
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:23
The second part, โ€˜it brokeโ€™.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๊นจ์กŒ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:25
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
40:29
that happened later than the first action.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์ž‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:33
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, โ€˜for two monthsโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:38
โ€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
40:43
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:49
Let's take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:52
โ€˜Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.โ€™
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'์ง์€ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋กœ์› ์–ด์š”.'
40:57
Again, we have subject โ€˜hadโ€™, past participle.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด 'had', ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:02
And then we have the past simple โ€˜he got a puppyโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ 'he got a puppy'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:07
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:13
He had been lonely for a long time.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:17
That is until the later action, โ€˜he got a puppy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:22
And finally, โ€˜She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
41:29
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:33
It happened before she became my wife.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:37
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:42
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
41:44
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:49
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
41:51
The first sentence says, โ€˜I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:58
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:04
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™
42:08
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
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์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:13
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'had'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ
42:19
the โ€˜hadโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
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์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
42:23
So I say, โ€˜I have not eatenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ฐฅ ์•ˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
42:27
Or I can use the contraction
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
42:29
and say, โ€˜I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.โ€™
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'์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:35
The next sentence is very similar.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.'
42:38
โ€˜She had not been to the circus before she went last week.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์ปค์Šค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
42:42
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:46
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:50
However, again, because it's negative,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
42:53
I put a 'not' between โ€˜hadโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
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'had'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:59
Also, I can use the contraction and say, โ€˜She hadn't been to the circus.โ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„œ์ปค์Šค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:06
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
43:07
โ€˜The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.โ€™
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'๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ซ“์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„
43:13
Remember, we can show duration,
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์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
43:16
or how long the first action was true.
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ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
43:19
by using 'for' and a duration.
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'for'์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ.
43:22
Because this is the negative form,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
43:24
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'had not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:32
In this case, the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™ is already there for you.
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. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:37
โ€˜We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:42
That's a pretty short time.
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๊ฝค ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—์š”.
43:44
It shows the duration by saying โ€˜forโ€™, How long?
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'for', ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ? ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:48
โ€˜three monthsโ€™
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'3๊ฐœ์›”'
43:49
Let's move on.
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๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ž.
43:51
Now, let's take a look at questions using โ€˜hadโ€™ in the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ 'had'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:57
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
43:59
It says, โ€˜She had eaten lunch by noon.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:03
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:07
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:11
So instead of โ€˜she hadโ€™, we say โ€˜Had sheโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'she had' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'Had she'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:15
โ€˜Had she eaten lunch by noon?โ€™
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'์ •์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
44:18
You can say, โ€˜Yes, she had.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:20
or โ€˜No, she hadn't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
44:23
The next sentence says, โ€˜It had rained before they left.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:27
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:31
Instead of โ€˜It hadโ€™, say โ€˜Had itโ€™ to make a question.
702
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'It had' ๋Œ€์‹  'Had it'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
44:36
โ€˜Had it rained before they left?โ€™
703
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
44:39
To reply you can say, โ€˜Yes, it had.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:42
or โ€˜No, it hadn't.โ€™
705
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
44:45
Let's move on now.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:47
I'll go into how to form โ€˜WHโ€™ questions in the past perfect tense.
707
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ 'WH' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:52
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
44:54
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
709
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, and โ€˜howโ€™.
710
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'์–ด๋””์„œ', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€', '๋ฌด์—‡์„', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'.
45:04
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:07
โ€˜Where had he traveled before?โ€™
712
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
45:10
You'll notice that after each โ€˜WHโ€™ word, we have โ€˜hadโ€™.
713
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๊ฐ 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'had'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:15
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
714
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:21
โ€˜Where had he traveled before?โ€™
715
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
45:25
The next question says, โ€˜Who had she talked to before?โ€™
716
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์ด์ „์— ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:29
This is the same thing the โ€˜WHโ€™ word
717
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์ด๋Š” 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด
45:33
โ€˜had sheโ€™ and then the past participle.
718
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2880
'had she'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:37
You'll notice here that we have the word โ€˜beforeโ€™, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
719
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '์ด์ „'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:44
If you see that it simply means before now.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:48
The next question says, โ€˜What had he eaten before lunch?โ€™
721
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์ ์‹ฌ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:53
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says โ€˜lunch for you'.
722
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'lunch for you'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:00
The last one says,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
46:01
โ€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?โ€™
724
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ 
46:06
Again how long โ€˜hadโ€™ + โ€˜subjectโ€™ and then the past participle.
725
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 'had' + '์ฃผ์–ด'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:13
Let's take a look at howย  to answer these questions.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:17
โ€˜Where had he traveled before?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
46:20
โ€˜He had traveled to Europe.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
46:22
is one possible answer.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:25
โ€˜Who had she talked to before?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”?'
46:28
Here I can say, โ€˜She had talked to her brother.โ€™
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ค๋น ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
46:33
โ€˜What had he eaten before lunch?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
46:36
โ€˜He had eaten sushi before lunch.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ „์— ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
46:39
And finally, โ€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
46:45
โ€˜She had known him for three years.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.'
46:48
That is one possible answer.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:50
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
46:52
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:59
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
47:01
โ€˜I blank for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
47:06
The verb here is โ€˜workโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:08
Remember, we need to say โ€˜I hadโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:11
No matter what the subject is, say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:16
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:20
In this case, we would say โ€˜workedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:26
โ€˜I had worked for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
47:30
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:35
โ€˜We blank TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
47:41
Remember, for the negative form, we say โ€˜had notโ€™
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'had not'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
47:45
or we use the contraction, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:49
โ€˜We hadnโ€™tโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
47:51
And then, we need the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:57
โ€˜We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
48:02
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
48:07
โ€˜Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
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'Reggie๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
48:13
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™ is correct.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:19
However, we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:24
So the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€
48:26
โ€˜Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
48:31
And finally, โ€˜Sally and Jan or they had do their job.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, 'Sally์™€ Jan ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
48:38
Hmm.
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ํ .
48:39
Remember, we need the past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
48:42
We don't say do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:43
We say โ€˜doneโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:46
โ€˜Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.โ€™
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'Sally์™€ Jan์€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
48:51
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
48:52
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
48:56
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:00
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:03
โ€˜You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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'์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋ฉํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .'
49:08
Remember, we start with the subject and then โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'had'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:12
So I'm going to add that here,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:15
then we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:19
And that is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:22
โ€˜You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
49:27
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
49:29
โ€˜They blank for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:34
Again, no matter what the subject, we have โ€˜hadโ€™ and then the past participle.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:40
So the answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
49:42
โ€˜They had studied for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:49
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
49:52
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:56
โ€˜They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒซ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:03
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
50:05
Well, we have the subject and โ€˜hadโ€™, but check this out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'had'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
50:09
There are two past participles here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:12
We need to get rid of one of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:15
We can take out this verb and say, โ€˜They had known each other for ten years
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋“ค์€
50:21
before they had their first fight.โ€™
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์ฒซ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:24
The next sentence says, โ€˜I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณจ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:32
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:36
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” 'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:40
โ€˜I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณจ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:48
Good job, everybody.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
50:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
50:50
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
50:52
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:56
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€
50:59
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
51:02
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋ฉด
51:06
I know you'll master it.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:08
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:20
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
51:21
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:22
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:27
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
51:30
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:34
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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. ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
51:40
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
51:46
past that continued up to another point in the
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์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:50
past.
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.
51:51
You can use โ€˜forโ€™ and a duration to talk about
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'for'์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
51:54
how long that action was in progress.
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:57
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
51:59
โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:04
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ์ฐจ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:06
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:11
For example, โ€˜I had beenโ€™, โ€˜Chuck had beenโ€™,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค', 'Chuck์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค',
52:15
And โ€˜Tom and Kim had been.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'Tom and Kim์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'.
52:18
And then we follow with the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:22
โ€˜waitingโ€™.
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'๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘'.
52:23
โ€˜I had been waiting.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:25
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:29
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:33
The second part says, โ€˜it arrivedโ€™.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:36
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:39
Therefore, that is the second action.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‹ค.
52:42
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™
52:49
so again, โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus,โ€™ happened
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋˜ '๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€
52:52
first.
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๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:53
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:58
โ€˜Chuck had been cooking,โ€™ Again, that part's easy.
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'์ฒ™์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.' ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:02
No matter whatโ€™s the subject, we say โ€˜had beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:08
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying โ€˜for an hourโ€™, showing
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ Chuck์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ
53:14
the duration.
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:16
And then, I finished by saying, โ€˜before he finishedโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:20
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:25
Finally, โ€˜Tom and Kim had been walking,โ€™ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ํ‚ด์€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค', ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€์…จ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
53:31
โ€˜for an hourโ€™ Again, that shows duration.
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'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ' ๋˜, ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:35
โ€˜before they rested.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.'
53:37
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:43
Before they rested.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.
53:45
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
53:46
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
53:52
past.
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.
53:54
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
53:59
why something happened.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด์œ , ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:00
We can use โ€˜becauseโ€™ or โ€˜soโ€™ to show the cause and effect.
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์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด'์ด๋‚˜ '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:06
Here, I'll explain.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:08
โ€˜Jason was tired because he had been jogging.โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์€ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
54:12
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:16
โ€˜Jason was tired,โ€™ However, we see โ€˜why?โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์™œ?'๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:21
Well, because, โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”'.
54:24
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:29
โ€˜he had beenโ€™, remember no matter what the subject,
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'he had been', ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
54:33
we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™ and jogging โ€“ โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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'had been'๊ณผ ์กฐ๊น… โ€“ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing'์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:38
โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ด์Šจ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:44
The next sentence says, โ€˜The pavementโ€™ or it โ€˜was wet because
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ' ๋˜๋Š” '๋น„๊ฐ€
54:50
it had been raining.โ€™
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๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:52
Similar to the first sentence, โ€˜it had been rainingโ€™ shows the cause.
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
54:57
Why was the pavement wet?
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์™œ ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
54:59
โ€˜The pavement was wet because it had been raining.โ€™
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'๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
55:04
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:07
โ€˜The children had been playingโ€™ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
55:13
tense.
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.
55:14
โ€˜had been playingโ€™ The second part says, โ€˜the room was a messโ€™.
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'๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด' ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋ฐฉ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ด์—ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:19
So here, instead of โ€˜becauseโ€™ like the first two sentences,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ '์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด'
55:23
I used โ€˜soโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:25
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:30
This, โ€˜the children had been playingโ€™ is why the room was a mess.
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋๋‹ค.
55:36
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.
55:40
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
55:42
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:47
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
55:50
โ€˜I had not been working for a day before I quit.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค.'
55:54
So no matter what the subject โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด 'I', 'you', 'she', 'it'๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
55:59
just like in the affirmative, we say โ€˜hadโ€™, but after the โ€˜hadโ€™, in the negative form,
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๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'had' ๋’ค์—
56:06
we add โ€˜notโ€™. โ€˜had notโ€™
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'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. 'had not'
56:09
โ€˜had notโ€™ or you can use the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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'had not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'hadn't'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:13
Which is a combination of โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ together.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ '์•Š๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:17
โ€˜I had not been workingโ€™ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค' ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:22
โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™ โ€˜I had not been working for a day before
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'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing' '๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
56:28
I quit.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค.'
56:30
The next sentence says, โ€˜You had not been cutting onions for long
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–‘ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅธ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
56:34
before you cried.โ€™
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์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:36
Again, the โ€˜notโ€™ goes between โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'had'์™€ 'be' ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” 'not'์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:41
โ€˜She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
56:46
Here, we have the contraction.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:48
And finally, โ€˜It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '๋ˆˆ์ด ๊ทธ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
56:52
stopped.โ€™
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.'
56:53
Again, we have the contraction for โ€˜had notโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ 'had not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:57
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used โ€˜beforeโ€™.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ด์ „'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:01
And in the last two, I used โ€˜whenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
57:04
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ค‘์ง€๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:09
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
57:10
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:17
Here is the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:19
โ€˜He had been driving all day before he arrived.โ€™
898
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
57:24
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:29
two words.
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.
57:30
Instead of โ€˜He hadโ€™, now I can say, โ€˜Had heโ€™, in order to form a question.
901
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์ด์ œ 'He had' ๋Œ€์‹  'Had he'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:37
โ€˜Had he been driving all day before he arrived?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
57:42
The next sentence says, โ€˜The dog had been barking because it was
903
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ๋‹ค
57:46
scared.โ€™
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'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:48
In this case, the subject is โ€˜The dogโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'The dog'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:51
And then we follow with โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'had'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:53
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:58
โ€˜Had the dog been barking because it was scared?โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
58:02
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
909
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:09
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
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์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„
58:14
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:17
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:21
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
58:23
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
914
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:30
Take a look at these examples.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
58:32
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
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๋ชจ๋‘ WH ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:36
Why, where, what, and who.
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์™œ, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ.
58:40
You might also have noticed that after we have โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:44
โ€˜Why hadโ€™ โ€˜Where hadโ€™
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'Why had' 'Where had'
58:46
โ€˜What hadโ€™ and โ€˜Who hadโ€™
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'What had' ๋ฐ 'Who had'
58:49
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:54
โ€˜Why had youโ€™ And then โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™
922
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'Why had you' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing'
58:59
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
So โ€˜Why had you been studying so much?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋‚˜?'
59:07
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I had been studying so much because I have
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' ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
59:12
a test.โ€™
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.
59:14
โ€˜Where had you been traveling before you came here?โ€™
927
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'์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'
59:18
I can say, โ€˜I had been traveling through Asia.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
59:23
โ€˜What had they been playing before they played soccer?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
59:27
I can answer, โ€˜They had been playing baseball.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
59:31
And finally, โ€˜Who had she been talking to before she
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”
59:36
left home?โ€™
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?'
59:37
I can answer, โ€˜She had been talking to her boyfriend.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
59:42
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
59:43
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:48
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
59:50
It says, โ€˜They __ for a long time before they went home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ __ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:56
Try to fill in the blank with the verb โ€˜workโ€™ in this tense.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ 'work'๋กœ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
60:01
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:08
So we say, โ€˜They had beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:12
What happens to the verb?
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
60:13
Remember, we add โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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'-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
60:18
So the sentence is, โ€˜They had been working for a long time before they went home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:26
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:29
I want you to use the negative.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:31
โ€˜I __ TV for a year before I started again.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
60:37
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
60:42
and then โ€˜had not beenโ€™.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” 'had not been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:47
Or I can use the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:50
โ€˜I hadn't beenโ€™ And then again, verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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'I hadn't been' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'.
60:57
โ€˜I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
61:03
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
61:09
โ€˜Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.โ€™
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'์ง€๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
61:15
What's the error?
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์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
61:17
You'll notice that the verb does not have an โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” '-ing'๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:24
To make the sentence correct, we must say, โ€˜Gina and I hadn't been doing
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์ง€๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š”
61:30
any work before we started.โ€™
957
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:33
Now, find the mistake here.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
61:36
โ€˜He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.โ€™
959
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
61:43
โ€˜He hadโ€™, that's correct, but we need to change โ€˜beโ€™ to beenโ€™.
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'He had'๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'be'๋ฅผ been'์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:50
And โ€˜watchingโ€™ is correct.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋ณธ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:52
So, โ€˜He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
61:58
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
61:59
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:05
Take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
62:07
It says, โ€˜The company __ employees because they worked hard.โ€™
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'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” __์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:13
Use the verb โ€˜promoteโ€™ in the past perfect continuous tense.
967
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ 'promote'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
62:18
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:23
So we say, โ€˜The company had beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™, so โ€˜promotingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'The company had been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'promotioning'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:35
โ€˜The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.โ€™
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'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ์Šน์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
62:40
The next example says, โ€˜I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ์ŠคํŒธ ํด๋”๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ __ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
62:46
folder.โ€™
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.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:48
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb โ€˜getโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'get' ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
62:53
Remember, in the negative form, we say โ€˜had not been gettingโ€™
974
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹'had not been getting'
62:59
Or the contraction โ€˜hadn't been gettingโ€™.
975
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๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜• 'had't been getting'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:05
โ€˜I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.โ€™
976
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'๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ์ŠคํŒธ ํด๋”๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
63:12
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
977
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
63:18
โ€˜I had been work a lot because I needed the money.โ€™
978
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'๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
63:22
What's the mistake?
979
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์•ผ?
63:24
Remember, we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
980
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๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
63:30
โ€˜I had been working a lot because I needed the money.โ€™
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'๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
63:35
The last sentence says, โ€˜He has been smoking because he was stressed.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์› ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:41
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
63:44
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:48
In this case, we need โ€˜hadโ€™ after the subject, not โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'had'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:54
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
63:55
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
63:56
Thank you so much for watching thisย  grammar course on the past tense.ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:01
Now, if you havenโ€™t had a chance to checkย  out my grammar course on the present tenseย ย 
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์ด์ œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
64:05
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see youย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜
64:10
next time. Bye.
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๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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