PAST TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

687,988 views ・ 2021-10-07

Shaw English Online


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, everybody. I’m Esther.Β 
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„. μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past tense. We’ll talk about the past simple, past continuous,Β Β 
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•, κ³Όκ±° μ§„ν–‰ν˜•,
00:09
past perfect, and past perfect continuous tense. There’s a lot to study,Β Β 
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•, κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 곡뢀할 것도 많고,
00:15
and there’s a lot to practice. So let’s get started.
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μ—°μŠ΅ν•  것도 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Hi, everyone.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:25
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” μ˜μ–΄μ˜ λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
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이 문법 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 일반적인 μƒνƒœ, 행동 λ˜λŠ” μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
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배울 것이 많고 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹œμ œμ΄λ―€λ‘œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ‹œμ²­ν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
00:45
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 'be' 동사 의 λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°ν˜•
00:48
in the past simple tense.
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에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:51
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
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. κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 'be' λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 과거의 일반적인 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
We use the 'be' verbs, β€˜was’ and β€˜were’ in this tense.
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이 μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œλŠ” 'be' 동사인 'was'와 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Take a look at the examples.
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예제λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:04
β€˜I was scared.’
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'λ‚œ 겁이 λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.'
01:06
β€˜James', or he 'was a teacher.’
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'μ œμž„μŠ€', λ˜λŠ” κ·ΈλŠ” 'μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:10
β€˜She was sad.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μŠ¬νŽλ‹€.'
01:13
β€˜My dog was hungry.’
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'λ‚΄ κ°œκ°€ λ°°κ³ νŒ μ–΄μš”.'
01:15
β€˜My dog’ can be β€˜it’.
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'λ‚΄ 개'λŠ” '그것'이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
So for β€˜I’, β€˜he’, β€˜she’, β€˜it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, β€˜was’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'λ‚˜', 'κ·Έ', 'κ·Έλ…€', '그것'μ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜• 'be' 동사 'was'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
However, for β€˜you’, β€˜we’ and β€˜they’, we use β€˜were’.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 'λ„ˆ', '우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
β€˜You were a good student.’
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'당신은 쒋은 ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:33
β€˜Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and β€˜We were at home for two hours.’
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'λ„€ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 곡원에 계셨어.' 그리고 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 집에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:42
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
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이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 기간이 κ°•μ‘°λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Great job.
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잘 ν–ˆμ–΄.
01:47
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
01:49
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 일반 동사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
Take a look at these examples.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:56
β€˜Liam played a game.’
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'리암이 κ²Œμž„μ„ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
01:59
Liam is a β€˜he’,
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Liam은 'κ·Έ'
02:01
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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μ΄μ§€λ§Œ κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 일반 λ™μ‚¬μ—λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add β€˜d’ or β€˜ed’
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 무엇이든 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은
02:12
to the end of the verb.
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동사 끝에 'd' λ˜λŠ” 'ed'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Here the verb is β€˜play’, so I added β€˜-ed’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'play'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ '-ed'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
β€˜Liam played a game.’
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'리암이 κ²Œμž„μ„ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
02:22
β€˜The car, or it needed gas.’
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'μ°¨ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ νœ˜λ°œμœ κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.'
02:26
The verb here is β€˜need’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
For the past simple tense, I added β€˜-ed’.
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ—λŠ” '-ed'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
β€˜We watched a movie.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄€μ–΄μš”.'
02:34
Again, an β€˜ed’ at the of β€˜watch’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 'watch'에 'ed'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
β€˜You exercised for an hour.’
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'당신은 ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μš΄λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:41
In this case, the verb is β€˜exercise’.
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이 경우 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μš΄λ™ν•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
I only need to add a β€˜d’ to make it the past tense.
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κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄ 'd'만 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
And finally, β€˜They usually worked after school.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ '그듀은 보톡 λ°©κ³Ό 후에 μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:53
The verb is β€˜work’.
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λ™μ‚¬λŠ” '일'이닀.
02:54
And I added an β€˜ed’ to make it in the past tense.
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그리고 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'ed'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
The word β€˜usually’ shows that this was a habit.
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'보톡'μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” 이것이 μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄μ—ˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
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과거의 μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό λ•ŒλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
03:08
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:09
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ 동사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add β€˜d’ or β€˜ed’ to make a verb into the past tense.
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일반 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 경우 동사λ₯Ό κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'd' λ˜λŠ” 'ed'만 μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 경우 동사λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Let's take a look at some examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
β€˜I ate with my friend.’
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'μΉœκ΅¬λž‘ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄.'
03:32
The verb here is β€˜ate’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
β€˜ate’ is the past simple tense of β€˜eat’.
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'ate'λŠ” 'eat'의 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
The next example says, β€˜Nara wrote a story.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'λ‚˜λΌκ°€ 이야기λ₯Ό 썼닀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
The verb is β€˜write’.
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λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μ“°λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to β€˜wrote’.
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그리고 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이 λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 동사λ₯Ό '썼닀'둜 λ°”κΎΌλ‹€.
03:53
β€˜You often came home late.’
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'λ„ˆλŠ” 집에 늦게 μ˜€λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§Žμ•˜μ§€.'
03:56
The verb here is β€˜come’ and it's been changed to β€˜came’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μ˜€λ‹€'인데 'μ™”λ‹€'둜 λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
You'll notice that we had the word β€˜often’ to show a habit.
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μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ '자주'λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
β€˜We bought a camera.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 카메라λ₯Ό μƒ€μ–΄μš”.'
04:09
The verb here is β€˜buy’ and it's been changed to β€˜bought’ to show the past simple tense.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'buy'이며 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'bought'둜 λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
And finally, β€˜My parents sent me money for a year.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ 1λ…„μΉ˜ λˆμ„ 보내주셨닀.'
04:21
Here the verb β€˜sent’ is the past tense of β€˜send’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ '보내닀'λΌλŠ” λ™μ‚¬λŠ” '보내닀'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Here we also see β€˜for a year’, this shows duration.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” '1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ'도 ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ”λ° μ΄λŠ” 기간을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
04:33
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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이제 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜• 'be' λ™μ‚¬μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:41
The first one says, β€˜I was not hungry.’
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첫 번째 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 'λ‚˜λŠ” 배고프지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 경우, μ£Όμ–΄μ˜ λΆ€μ • 'be' 동사
04:49
I f the subject is β€˜I’, β€˜he’, β€˜she’ or β€˜it’, we say β€˜was not’.
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IλŠ” 'I', 'he', 'she' λ˜λŠ” 'it'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'was not'이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
For example, β€˜I was not’ or β€˜she was not’ or the contraction β€˜wasn't’.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 'I was not' λ˜λŠ” 'she was not' λ˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜• 'wasn't'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
β€˜I wasn't’.
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'.
05:04
β€˜She wasn't’.
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'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ–΄'.
05:05
So let's look again, β€˜I was not hungry.’
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그럼 λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ 'λ°°κ°€ 고프지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'κ³  ν•΄λ³΄μž.
05:10
β€˜She wasn't home today.’
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'였늘 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 집에 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
05:13
Now, if the subject is β€˜you’, β€˜we’ or β€˜they’,
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자, μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'λ„ˆ', '우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'이면
05:17
We say β€˜were not’ or the contraction β€˜weren't’.
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'were not' λ˜λŠ” μ€„μ—¬μ„œ 'weren't'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
β€˜The children, or they were not quiet.’
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'아이듀이 μ‘°μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‚˜μš”?'
05:26
β€˜The children were not quiet.’
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'아이듀은 μ‘°μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
05:30
And then, β€˜The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’
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그리고 '개', μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€, 'μž₯λ‚œμŠ€λŸ½μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'.
05:37
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
05:38
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
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이제 'be'κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
regular or irregular.
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κ·œμΉ™μ μ΄λ“  λΆˆκ·œμΉ™μ μ΄λ“ .
05:47
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:49
β€˜I did not like him.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.'
05:52
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put β€˜did not’ after the subject.
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'be'κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 동사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ£Όμ–΄ 뒀에 'did not'을 λΆ™μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
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그리고 동사에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 변경도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
We keep the base verb.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ 동사λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
β€˜He didn't catch the ball.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 곡을 μž‘μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
06:09
Again, it's β€˜he did not’, but here we used a contraction,
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 'κ·ΈλŠ” ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ”
06:14
β€˜He didn't catch the ball.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 곡을 μž‘μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'λΌλŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
β€˜They didn't dance.’
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'그듀은 좀을 좔지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.'
06:19
Again, here's the contraction for β€˜did not’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'의 μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
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그리고 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ „ν˜€ λ³€κ²½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
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μ—¬κΈ° λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ 동사가 있고, μ—¬κΈ° μ •κ·œ 동사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것듀을 κΈ°λ³Έ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
And finally, β€˜We didn't think about that.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
06:37
Again, we simply say β€˜did not’ or β€˜didn't’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€' λ˜λŠ” 'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
06:43
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 두 가지 방법을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
Take a look at the first example.
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첫 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:51
β€˜He was angry.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” ν™”κ°€ λ‚¬μ—ˆ λ‹€.'
06:54
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb β€˜was’.
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이 첫 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'be' 동사 'was'λ₯Ό λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
It's quite easy.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
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이것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
β€˜Was he angry?’
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'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν™”κ°€ λ‚¬λ‚˜μš”?'
07:07
You can answer by saying β€˜Yes, he was.’ or β€˜No, he wasn't.’
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'예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:13
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯에도 'be' 동사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
β€˜They were comfortable.’
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'그듀은 νŽΈμ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
07:19
So again, switch the first two words.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ, 처음 두 단어λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:22
β€˜Were they comfortable?’
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'그듀은 νŽΈμ•ˆν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
07:24
The answers can be, β€˜Yes, they were.’
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ '예, κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
or β€˜No, they weren't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:29
However, look at the third sentence.
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그런데 μ„Έ 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:32
β€˜Sam lived here.’
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'μƒ˜μ€ 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:34
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” 'be' 동사가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
Instead, we see the action verb β€˜lived’.
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— 'lived'λΌλŠ” λ™μž‘ 동사가 ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 상관없이
07:44
we start the question with β€˜did’.
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'ν–ˆλ‹€'둜 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
β€˜Did Sam live here?’
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'μƒ˜μ΄ 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ‚˜μš”?'
07:49
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
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동사가 더 이상 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
We use the base form of the verb.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
β€˜Did Sam live here?’
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'μƒ˜μ΄ 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ‚˜μš”?'
07:59
You can say β€˜Yes, he did.’
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'예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
or β€˜No, he didn't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
08:04
The last sentence is similar.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯도 λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄μš”.
08:06
β€˜They won the contest last year.’
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'그듀은 μž‘λ…„μ— λŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œ μš°μŠΉν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
08:10
The verb here is β€˜won’, that's not a 'be' verb.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'won'이고, 'be' 동사가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
So again, we start the question with β€˜did’ .
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ 'did'둜 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
And then the subject β€˜they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's β€˜win’.
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그리고 μ£Όμ–΄ 'they'λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ° 그것은 'win'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
β€˜Did they win the contest last year?’
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'그듀이 μž‘λ…„μ— λŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œ μš°μŠΉν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
08:28
You can say, β€˜Yes, they did.’
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'κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
or β€˜No, they didn't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
08:32
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
08:33
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ WH μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡변을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:42
We have some WH words here.
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여기에 WH 단어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
β€˜What’ β€˜When’
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'무엇' 'μ–Έμ œ'
08:47
β€˜Where’ and β€˜Why’
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'μ–΄λ””'와 'μ™œ'
08:49
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word β€˜did’.
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각 WH 단어 λ’€μ—λŠ” 'ν–ˆλ‹€'λΌλŠ” 단어가 μ˜€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
β€˜What did’ β€˜When did’
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'무엇을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€' 'μ–Έμ œ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€'
08:56
β€˜Where did’ and β€˜Why did’.
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'μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€' 그리고 'μ™œ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€'.
08:59
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
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κ·Έ λ’€μ—λŠ” 주어와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
So, let's take a look.
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그럼 ν•œλ²ˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
β€˜What did you do last night?’
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'어젯밀에 무엇을 ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:10
β€˜What did you do last night?’
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'어젯밀에 무엇을 ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:12
I can answer by saying something like, β€˜I watched a movie.’
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'μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄€μ–΄μš”'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:17
Or β€˜I read a book.’
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λ˜λŠ” '책을 μ½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:19
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
β€˜When did you get home last night?’
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'어젯밀에 집에 μ–Έμ œ λŒμ•„μ™”λ‚˜μš”?'
09:26
β€˜I got home at 10 p.m.’
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'λ°€ 10μ‹œμ— 집에 μ™”μ–΄μš”'
09:30
β€˜Where did they eat lunch?’
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'그듀은 점심을 μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:32
β€˜They ate lunch at home.’
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'그듀은 μ§‘μ—μ„œ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:34
Again, β€˜ate’ is the past tense of β€˜eat’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 'λ¨Ήλ‹€'λŠ” 'λ¨Ήλ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
Answer in the past simple tense.
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
09:41
And finally, β€˜Why did the company hire him?’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” μ™œ κ·Έλ₯Ό μ±„μš©ν–ˆλŠ”κ°€?'
09:45
β€˜The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’
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'νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ₯Ό κ³ μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:49
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
09:51
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
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첫 번째 μ κ²€μ—μ„œλŠ”
09:53
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 'be' 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ—°μŠ΅ 문제λ₯Ό
09:58
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are β€˜was’ or β€˜were’.
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μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 'be' λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'was' λ˜λŠ” 'were'λΌλŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:03
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
β€˜He __ at work earlier.’
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'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ•„κΉŒ 직μž₯에 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄.'
10:09
The subject here is β€˜we’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œμ˜ μ£Όμ œλŠ” '우리'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
So do we use β€˜was’ or β€˜were’?
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그럼 'was'λ‚˜ 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
10:14
The correct answer is β€˜was’.
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정닡은 'μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€'이닀.
10:17
β€˜He was at work earlier.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„κΉŒ 직μž₯에 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
10:21
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
10:22
β€˜We _____ very happy yesterday.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄μ œ 맀우 ν–‰λ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
If the subject is β€˜we’, remember the be verb is β€˜were’.
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'we'라면 be λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'were'λΌλŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:33
β€˜We were very happy yesterday.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄μ œ 맀우 ν–‰λ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
10:36
Next, β€˜My parents or they __ worried about me.’
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 'λ‚˜μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄λ‚˜ κ·Έ 뢄듀은 λ‚˜λ₯Ό κ±±μ •ν•˜μ‹ λ‹€.'
10:42
If it's 'they', remember we have to say β€˜were’.
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λ§Œμ•½ 'κ·Έλ“€'이라면, 'μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 말해야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:47
β€˜My parents were worried about me.’
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'λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ λ‚˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ…¨μ–΄.'
10:50
If I want to use the negative, I can also say β€˜My parents weren't worried about me.’
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뢀정적인 ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 'λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ λ‚˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌμ…¨λ‹€'라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
And that's possible.
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그리고 그것은 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
β€˜We wasn't good students.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쒋은 학생이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
11:05
We wasn't good students.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쒋은 학생이 μ•„λ‹ˆ μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
Can you figure out what's wrong?
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무엇이 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”지 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
11:10
The subject here is β€˜we’, so we don't say β€˜was not’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” '우리'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
We need to say β€˜were not’ or the contraction β€˜weren't’.
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'μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ€„μ—¬μ„œ 'μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'라고 말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
β€˜We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer.
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쒋은 학생이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”'κ°€ μ •λ‹΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
The next one says, β€˜Were she a teacher?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
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자, 이것은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ―€λ‘œ be 동사가 μ²˜μŒμ— μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
That's correct, but the subject here is β€˜she’.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'she'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
Therefore, we need to start with β€˜was’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 'was'λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
β€˜Was she a teacher?’
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'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
11:46
And finally,
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
11:47
β€˜They wasn't at school.’
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'그듀은 학ꡐ에 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
11:50
The subject is β€˜they’, so the answer is
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'κ·Έλ“€'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 닡은
11:58
β€˜They weren't at school.’
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'그듀은 학ꡐ에 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
You can use the contraction β€˜weren't’ or β€˜were not’.
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μΆ•μ•½ν˜• 'weren't' λ˜λŠ” 'were not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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λ‹€μŒ μ κ²€μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 일반 동사λ₯Ό μ—°μŠ΅ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
Take a look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
12:15
β€˜He ____ at home.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” ____ 집에 μžˆμ–΄μš”.'
12:17
The verb is β€˜study’.
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λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
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일반 동사λ₯Ό
12:22
the past tense, we add β€˜d’ or β€˜ed’ to the end of the
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κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œλ‘œ λ°”κΏ€ λ•ŒλŠ” 동사 끝에 'd' λ˜λŠ” 'ed'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:27
verb.
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.
12:28
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in β€˜y’.
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단, 'y'둜 λλ‚˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μ—λŠ” λ³„λ„μ˜ κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
Such as, β€˜study’.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ '곡뢀'.
12:34
We drop the β€˜y’ and we add β€˜ied’.
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'y'λ₯Ό μ‚­μ œν•˜κ³  'ied'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
So the correct answer is,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 정닡은
12:40
β€˜He studied at home.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” μ§‘μ—μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆλ‹€'이닀.
12:45
The next sentence says, β€˜We __ pencils.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'We __ pencils'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
We want to use negative because it says β€˜not use’.
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'μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŒ'이라고 λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 뢀정문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:53
Remember for the negative, we always use β€˜did not’, no matter what the subject.
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뢀정문을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 무엇이든 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 'did not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:03
You can also use the contraction β€˜didn't’.
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'didn't'λΌλŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
Now, what do we do to the verb?
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이제 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
13:08
We keep it as β€˜is’.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 'μžˆλŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ' μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
We do not change it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 바꾸지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
β€˜We didn't’ or β€˜We did not’ use pencils.
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연필을 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€' λ˜λŠ” 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'.
13:18
The next sentence says, β€˜His friends or they walk to the gym.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '그의 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 그듀은 μ²΄μœ‘κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ κ±Έμ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
What's the past tense of β€˜walk’?
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'κ±·λ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
13:27
We simply have to add β€˜ed’ because it's a regular verb.
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'ed'λŠ” 일반 동사이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
β€˜His friends walked to the gym.’
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'그의 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ μ²΄μœ‘κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ κ±Έμ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
13:38
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
13:44
β€˜She didn't likes math.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.'
13:47
β€˜didn't’ is correct.
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'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'κ°€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:49
However, remember we keep the verb as β€˜is’ in the base form.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κΈ°λ³Έν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” 동사λ₯Ό 'is'둜 μœ μ§€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
13:55
So we don't say β€˜likes’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ’‹μ•„μš”'라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
We say β€˜like’.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ’‹μ•„μš”'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:59
β€˜She didn't like math.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.'
14:02
The next sentence says, β€˜Did it rained this morning?’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '였늘 아침에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”λ‚˜μš”?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
Now this is a question.
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이제 이것은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with β€˜Did’.
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 'Did'둜 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:12
β€˜Did it rained?’
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'λΉ„κ°€ μ™”λ‚˜μš”?'
14:14
Do you notice the mistake?
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μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
14:16
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
14:22
We use the base form of the verb.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:24
β€˜Did it rain this morning?’
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'였늘 아침에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”λ‚˜μš”?'
14:27
And finally, β€˜They not play the piano.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ '그듀은 ν”Όμ•„λ…Έλ₯Ό μΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
14:31
The verb is an action verb.
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λ™μ‚¬λŠ” ν–‰μœ„λ™μ‚¬μ΄λ‹€.
14:33
So we need a β€˜did’ in front of β€˜not’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'not' μ•žμ— 'did'κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:38
β€˜They did not play the piano.’
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'그듀은 ν”Όμ•„λ…Έλ₯Ό μΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.'
14:42
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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λ‹€μŒ μ κ²€μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμ˜ λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ 동사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:49
Take a look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
14:51
β€˜He __ to school.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” __ 학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
14:54
And the verb is β€˜run’.
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그리고 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” '달리닀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
β€˜run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is β€˜ran’.
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'run'은 λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ λ™μ‚¬μ΄λ―€λ‘œ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ 'ran'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:03
β€˜He ran to school.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” ν•™κ΅λ‘œ 달렀갔닀.'
15:06
The next sentence says, β€˜We __ flowers.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'We __ flowers.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
We want to use the negative because here it says β€˜not grow’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'μ„±μž₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŒ'이라고 λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 뢀정문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:14
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
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λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ˜ μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 무엇이든 상관없이
15:18
we say β€˜did not’
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'
15:23
or β€˜didn't’.
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λ˜λŠ” 'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:26
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 동사λ₯Ό κΈ°λ³Έ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:32
β€˜We did not grow’ or β€˜We didn't grow flowers.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžλΌμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' λ˜λŠ” 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 꽃을 ν‚€μš°μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
15:37
The next sentence says, β€˜Where __ you teach last year?’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'μž‘λ…„μ— __ μ–΄λ””μ„œ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:42
This is a question.
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이것은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:44
Again, all we need to put is β€˜did’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž…λ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것은 'ν–ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:49
β€˜Where did you teach last year?’
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'μž‘λ…„μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ””μ„œ κ°€λ₯΄μ³€λ‚˜μš”?'
15:51
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
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μ£Όμ œκ°€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈμ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:54
We always go with β€˜did’.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 'did'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:57
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ, λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
16:01
β€˜He didn't sold newspapers.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 신문을 νŒ”μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.'
16:04
Remember, in the negative, β€˜didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ£Όμ œμ—λ“  뢀정적인 ν‘œν˜„μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 'didn't'κ°€ μ˜³λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
16:11
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 동사λ₯Ό κΈ°λ³Έ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μœ μ§€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:15
So the correct answer is, β€˜He didn't sell newspapers.’
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 정닡은 'κ·ΈλŠ” 신문을 νŒ”μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'이닀.
16:21
The next sentence says, β€˜Did she sing a song?’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λΆˆλ €λ‚˜μš”?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:28
β€˜sang’ is the irregular past tense form of β€˜sing’.
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'sang'은 'sing'의 λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:32
But in a question, if it starts with β€˜did’,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œ 'did'둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
16:36
we use the base form.
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κΈ°λ³Έν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:38
β€˜Did she sing a song?’
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'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λΆˆλ €λ‚˜μš”?'
16:42
And finally, β€˜We taked it home.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 집에 κ°€μ Έκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
16:46
Does that sound right?
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κ·Έ 말이 λ§žλŠ” 것 κ°™λ‚˜μš”?
16:48
β€˜taked’ is not correct.
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'찍닀'λŠ” μ˜³μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:51
The past tense of β€˜take’ is β€˜took’.
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'take'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ 'take'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:56
β€˜We took it home.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 집에 κ°€μ Έκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
16:58
Great job, everyone.
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정말 μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
17:00
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
17:01
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
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와, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ˜μƒμ„ 톡해 λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:04
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 계속 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  λ³΅μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
17:08
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
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과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” ν•„μˆ˜ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:13
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ˜μ–΄ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ‹œκ³  λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:16
Bye.Β 
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μ•ˆλ…•.
17:25
Hi, everybody.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
17:26
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:28
In this video.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„œ.
17:29
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:32
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 진행 μ€‘μ΄λ˜ λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:38
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
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λ˜ν•œ 과거에 λ™μ‹œμ— λ°œμƒν•œ 두 가지 μž‘μ—…μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:44
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
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배울 것이 λ§ŽμœΌλ‹ˆ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:50
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ 첫 번째 μš©λ²•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:55
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 진행 μ€‘μ΄λ˜ λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:01
Let's take a look at these examples.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:04
β€˜I was walking in the park in the evening.’
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'저녁에 곡원을 μ‚°μ±…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
18:08
So first we start with the subject, β€˜I’.
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그럼 λ¨Όμ € 'λ‚˜'λΌλŠ” μ£Όμ œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:11
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with β€˜was’.
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I, he, she, and it의 경우 'was'λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:17
β€˜I was’
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'I was'
18:18
And then we add an β€˜ING’ to the end of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 동사 끝에 'ING'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:23
β€˜I was walking’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” κ±·κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'
18:25
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
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이제 전체 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
18:28
β€˜I was walking in the park in the evening.’
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'저녁에 곡원을 μ‚°μ±…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
18:31
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
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μ΄λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 진행 쀑인 μž‘μ—…μ΄λ©° 과거에도 λ°œμƒν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:38
Let's look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:40
β€˜She was living here last year.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μž‘λ…„μ— 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
18:44
Here, the subject is β€˜she’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'she'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:46
So again we use β€˜was’ and then β€˜verb-ing’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ 'was'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λ‹€μŒ 'verb-ing'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:50
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
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여기에 이 β€‹β€‹ν–‰μœ„κ°€ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:58
β€˜The dog,’ or β€˜it’, β€˜was eating dinner five minutes ago.’
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'개' λ˜λŠ” '그것'은 '5λΆ„ 전에 저녁을 λ¨Ήκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
19:04
The subject here is β€˜the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun β€˜it’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'the dog'이며 λŒ€λͺ…사 'it'둜 λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:09
And so we follow with β€˜was’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'was'λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:12
And finally, β€˜Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with β€˜they’.
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'Andy and Jim'을 'κ·Έλ“€'둜 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:18
For β€˜you’, β€˜we’ and β€˜they’, we use β€˜were’.
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'λ„ˆ', '우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'μ—λŠ” 'μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:23
β€˜They were’, or β€˜Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’
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'그듀은 κ·Έλž¬λ‹€' λ˜λŠ” '앀디와 짐은 μ˜€ν›„ 9μ‹œμ— μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'
19:30
Let's move on.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:31
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€
19:36
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
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과거에 진행 쀑인 λ™μž‘μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™μž‘μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ€‘λ‹¨λœ 것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:40
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word β€˜when’.
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이 λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„λŠ” 'μ–Έμ œ'λΌλŠ” 단어와 ν•¨κ»˜ κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:46
Let's take a look at this example.
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이 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:49
β€˜I was playing cards when you called.’
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'당신이 μ „ν™”ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ‚˜λŠ” μΉ΄λ“œ 놀이λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
19:52
Again we start with the subject β€˜was’ or β€˜were’,
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λ‹€μ‹œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ 'was' λ˜λŠ” 'were'둜 μ‹œμž‘
19:56
and then β€˜verb-ing’,
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ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 'verb-ing'으둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:59
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이것은 과거에 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ λ™μž‘μΈ
20:03
β€˜I was playing cards’
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'I was Playing Cards'
20:05
The interrupting action in this sentence is β€˜you called’.
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μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ 쀑단 λ™μž‘μ€ 'you Called'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '.
20:10
You'll notice I use the word β€˜when’ to show the interrupting action’
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μ œκ°€ 'μ–Έμ œ'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό 보여주기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:15
And I used it in the past simple tense, β€˜called’.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 이 단어λ₯Ό 'λΆˆλ €λ‹€'λΌλŠ” κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:20
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:22
β€˜The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.’
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에릭이 집에 왔을 λ•Œ '고양이' λ˜λŠ” '그것'이 식사λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
20:28
Again the action in progress is β€˜the cat was eating’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 진행 쀑인 μž‘μ—…μ€ '고양이가 λ¨Ήκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:33
And β€˜Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense.
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그리고 'Eric came home'을 보면 λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°μ‹œμ œκ°€ λˆˆμ— λ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:38
This is the interrupting action used with the word β€˜when’.
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'μ–Έμ œ'λΌλŠ” 단어와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:43
β€˜We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’
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'앀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 자고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
20:46
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 지속적인 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:50
The subject here is β€˜we’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œμ˜ μ£Όμ œλŠ” '우리'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:52
And so we used β€˜were’ and then β€˜verb-ing’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λ‹€μŒ 'verb-ing'을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:57
β€˜When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action.
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'앀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ'λŠ” λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:02
And finally, β€˜Alicia and I’, or β€˜We' were walking when we saw Mark.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 마크λ₯Ό 봀을 λ•Œ '앨리샀와 λ‚˜', 즉 '우리'κ°€ κ±·κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
21:09
β€˜When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing β€˜Alicia
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'μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 마크λ₯Ό 봀을 λ•Œ'λŠ” 진행 쀑인 '앨리샀
21:15
and I were walking’.
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와 λ‚΄κ°€ κ±·κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'λ₯Ό
21:17
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
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λ°©ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„μ΄λ‹€
21:23
say,
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.
21:24
β€˜When you called, I was playing cards,’
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λ˜ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯의 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”μ„œ '당신이 μ „ν™”ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ, λ‚˜λŠ” μΉ΄λ“œ 놀이λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
21:27
or β€˜When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’
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λ˜λŠ” '에릭이 집에 왔을 λ•Œ, κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” λ¨Ήκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:31
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
21:33
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ€
21:38
happening at the same time in the past.
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과거에 λ™μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 두 가지 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:42
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word β€˜while’.
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'while'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어와 ν•¨κ»˜ 두 λ™μž‘ λͺ¨λ‘μ— κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:47
Let's take a look at some examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:50
The first sentence says, β€˜While I was playing soccer, she was watching
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첫 λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ‚΄κ°€ μΆ•κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έλ…€κ°€
21:55
me.’
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λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ³΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'이닀.
21:56
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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두 λ™μž‘ λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±° μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:01
β€˜I was playing soccer’ and β€˜She was watching me’.
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€' 그리고 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ³΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'.
22:05
The word β€˜while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
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μ²˜μŒμ— 'while'μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ™μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:12
β€˜While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’
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'당신이 책을 읽고 μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚˜λŠ” 저녁을 μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
22:16
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 두 λ™μž‘ λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œν˜„λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:22
The word β€˜while’ shows that they were happening at the same time.
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'λ™μ•ˆ'μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” κ·Έ 일듀이 λ™μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:27
β€˜While Her husband’ or β€˜he’, β€˜was driving
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'λ‚¨νŽΈ' ν˜Ήμ€ 'κ·Έ', 'μš΄μ „ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
22:31
she was taking pictures.’
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 사진을 찍고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.'
22:34
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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두 λ™μž‘ λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±° μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:38
And finally,
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
22:39
β€˜While we were eating, the music was playing.’
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'μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°₯을 λ¨ΉλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ μŒμ•…μ΄ ν˜λŸ¬λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€.'
22:44
Both actions were happening at the same time.
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두 가지 행동이 λ™μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:48
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word β€˜while’ comes at the beginning,
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이제 λ‚΄ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ 'while'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어가 μ²˜μŒμ— λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:54
however, it's important to note that you can move the word β€˜while’ around in several
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 'while'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지
22:59
ways.
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λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 이동할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:00
For example, instead of saying this,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
23:03
β€˜While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’
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'λ‚΄κ°€ μΆ•κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ³΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ .
23:06
I can move β€˜while’ to the middle of the sentence.
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'while'을 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ€‘κ°„μœΌλ‘œ 이동할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:10
β€˜I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³  κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ³΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.'
23:13
I can put the β€˜while’ between the two actions.
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두 μž‘μ—… 사이에 'while'을 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:17
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
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ν˜Ήμ€ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ°”κΎΈμ–΄
23:20
β€˜While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’
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'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ³΄λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚˜λŠ” 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:24
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the β€˜while’ if you put it in the
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 'while'을 μ²˜μŒμ— λ„£μœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ λ™μž‘μ΄ λ¨Όμ € μ˜€λ“  상관이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
23:29
beginning.
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.
23:31
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
23:32
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:37
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
23:39
β€˜She was not reading last night.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 어젯밀에 책을 읽지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
23:42
The subject is β€˜she’ and so we use β€˜was’.
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'she'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'was'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:46
However, before the β€˜verb-ing’, we add β€˜not’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ '동사-ing' μ•žμ—λŠ” 'not'을 μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:51
β€˜She was not reading last night.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 어젯밀에 책을 읽지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
23:54
I can use a contraction and say,
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λ‚˜λŠ” μˆ˜μΆ•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
23:57
β€˜She wasn't reading last night.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 어젯밀에 책을 읽지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고
24:00
β€˜We were not listening to music this morning.’
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말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 였늘 아침에 μŒμ•…μ„ 듣지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
24:04
In this case, the subject is β€˜we’ and so we use β€˜were’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'we'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:09
Again β€˜not’ comes before the β€˜verb-ing’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 'not'이 'verb-ing' μ•žμ— μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:13
β€˜We were not listening to music this morning.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 였늘 아침에 μŒμ•…μ„ 듣지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
24:16
Again I can use a contraction and say,
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
24:19
β€˜We weren't listening to music this morning.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 였늘 아침에 μŒμ•…μ„ 듣지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:22
And the next one says, β€˜He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
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그리고 λ‹€μŒ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 'κ·ΈλŠ” 아버지가
24:27
home.’
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집에 μ˜€μ…¨μ„ λ•Œ TVλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고
24:29
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
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λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 'He was not watch TV'λΌλŠ”
24:32
β€˜He wasn't watching TV’.
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μˆ˜μΆ•ν˜•μ΄ 이미 λ‚˜μ™€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
24:35
You'll notice the word β€˜when’.
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. 'μ–Έμ œ'λΌλŠ” 단어가 λˆˆμ— 띌 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:38
Remember β€˜when’ + β€˜a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action,
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'when' + 'λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜• 동사'κ°€ λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄
24:44
so, β€˜When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’
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λ―€λ‘œ 'When his father came home he'n't watch TV.'λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
24:49
He was doing something else.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:51
And finally,
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
24:52
β€˜They weren't talking while the game was playing.’
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'그듀은 κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 아무 말도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.'
24:56
The word β€˜while’ is in this sentence.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” 'while'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:59
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
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μ΄λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 진행 쀑인 μž‘μ—… 2개λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όλ―€λ‘œ
25:05
so β€˜While the game was playing they weren't talking’.
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'κ²Œμž„μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 그듀은 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
25:09
They were doing something else.
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그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:11
Let's move on now.
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이제 계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:13
Let's talk about how to form β€˜be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense.
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 'be' 동사 μ˜λ¬Έλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
25:18
Take a look at the first statement.
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첫 번째 μ§„μˆ μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
25:21
It says,
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'였늘 아침에 λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ Έμ–΄μš”.'
25:22
β€˜It was raining this morning.’
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라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμ–΄μš” .
25:24
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
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이것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈλ €λ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:28
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:32
Instead of β€˜It was’, I now say β€˜Was it’ to make it a question.
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'그것은' λŒ€μ‹ μ— μ΄μ œλŠ” 'κ·Έκ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜'라고 λ§ν•˜μ—¬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:38
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” 같은 μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:43
β€˜Was it raining this morning?’
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'였늘 아침에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”λ‚˜μš”?'
25:45
You can answer by saying, β€˜Yes, it was.’ or β€˜No, it wasn't.’
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'λ„€, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
25:51
The next statement says,
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λ‹€μŒ μ§„μˆ μ—λŠ”
25:52
β€˜They were living there when the fire happened.’
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'ν™”μž¬κ°€ 일어났을 λ•Œ 그듀은 그곳에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:56
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
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이것을 큰 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ‹œ 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:02
Instead of β€˜They were’, we say β€˜Were they’.
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'그듀은 κ·Έλž¬λ‹€' λŒ€μ‹ μ— '그듀은 κ·Έλž¬λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:06
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ, λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 단어듀은 같은 μžλ¦¬μ— λ¨Έλ¬Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:10
β€˜Were they living there when the fire happened?’
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'ν™”μž¬κ°€ 일어났을 λ•Œ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 그곳에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
26:14
And you can answer by saying,
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그리고
26:15
β€˜Yes, they were’ or β€˜No, they weren't.’
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'예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€' λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:19
Let's continue on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
26:21
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ WH μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:27
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
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여기에 μžˆλŠ” μ˜ˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 일뢀 WH λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:32
For example, β€˜what’, β€˜where’, β€˜why’, and β€˜who’.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ '무엇', 'μ–΄λ””', 'μ™œ', 'λˆ„κ΅¬' 등이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:38
Let's take a look at the first question.
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첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:40
β€˜What were they doing last night?”
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'그듀은 어젯밀에 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
26:43
The subject of this sentence is β€˜they’.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'κ·Έλ“€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:47
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper β€˜be’ verb.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 당신이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은 WH 단어 뒀에 μ μ ˆν•œ 'be' 동사λ₯Ό λ„£λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:52
In this case, β€˜were’.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:55
β€˜What were they doing last night?’
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'그듀은 어젯밀에 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
26:57
You'll notice that after the subject comes the β€˜verb-ing’.
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μ£Όμ–΄ 뒀에 '동사-ing'이 μ˜€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:02
β€˜What were they doing last night?’
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'그듀은 어젯밀에 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
27:04
I can answer by saying, β€˜They were playing games’ or
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λ‚˜λŠ” '그듀은 κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€' ν˜Ήμ€
27:08
β€˜They were reading a book’.
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'그듀은 책을 읽고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
27:11
The next question says,
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
27:13
β€˜Where was he working last week?’
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'μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ·ΈλŠ” μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
27:16
In this case the subject is β€˜he’ and so the be verb to use is β€˜was’.
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μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'he'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  be λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'was'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:22
β€˜Where was he working last week?’
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'μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ–΄λ””μ„œ μΌν–ˆμ–΄μš”?'
27:25
I can say, β€˜He was working in Canada.’
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λ‚˜λŠ” 'κ·ΈλŠ” μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  말할 수 μžˆλ‹€.
27:30
β€˜Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 책을 λ‹€ μ½μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ™œ 울고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
27:34
In this case, the subject is β€˜she’ and so I put β€˜was’ after β€˜why’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'she'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'why' 뒀에 'was'λ₯Ό λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:40
β€˜Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 책을 λ‹€ μ½μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ™œ 울고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
27:44
I can say, β€˜She was crying because the ending was sad.’
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'결말이 μŠ¬νΌμ„œ μšΈμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  ν•  수 μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
27:49
And finally,
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
27:50
β€˜Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
444
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'μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ μΌν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ ν•¨κ»˜ μ§€λƒˆλ˜ 아이듀은 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€λ‚˜μš”?'
27:55
In this case, β€˜the children’ is a β€˜they’
445
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이 경우 'the children'은 'they'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
27:59
so we follow 'who' with β€˜were’.
446
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'who' λ’€μ—λŠ” 'were'κ°€ λΆ™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:02
β€˜Who were they’ or
447
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'그듀은 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€λŠ”κ°€?' λ˜λŠ”
28:04
β€˜Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
448
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'μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ μΌν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ ν•¨κ»˜ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 아이듀은 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€λŠ”κ°€?'
28:09
To answer, I can say, β€˜The children’ or
449
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λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μžλ©΄, '아이듀' λ˜λŠ”
28:12
β€˜They were staying with their dad.’
450
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'그듀은 아빠와 ν•¨κ»˜ 지내고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:16
Let's move on.
451
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
28:17
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
452
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이번 μ‹œκ°„μ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 확인해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
453
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
28:25
β€˜Last night they were blank at school.’
454
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'μ–΄μ ―λ°€ 그듀은 학ꡐ에 ν…… λΉ„μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
28:29
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb β€˜stay’.
455
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'stay'λΌλŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ λΆ€μ •λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μ›Œλ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:34
β€˜not stay’
456
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'머물지 말라'
28:35
What do you think it is?
457
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λŠ” 게 뭐라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
28:38
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
458
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ λΆ€μ •λ¬Έμ—λŠ”
28:42
all you have to do is put β€˜not’ and then β€˜verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb.
459
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'be' 동사 뒀에 'not'을 뢙이고 'verb-ing'을 λΆ™μ΄κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:48
β€˜They were not staying at school last.’
460
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'그듀은 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 학ꡐ에 머물지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
28:58
β€˜Last night, they were not staying at school.’
461
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'어젯밀에 그듀은 학ꡐ에 머물지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
29:01
The next sentence says,
462
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1200
λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
29:03
β€˜Two days ago you blank soccer.’
463
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'이틀 μ „ 당신은 좕ꡬλ₯Ό μ‰¬μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
29:07
Again try the negative for the verb β€˜play’.
464
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'play'λΌλŠ” 동사에 λŒ€ν•΄ 뢀정문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
29:12
β€˜Two days ago blank not play soccer.’
465
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'이틀 μ „ 곡백으둜 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
29:16
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the β€˜be’ verb.
466
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이 경우 κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € 빠진 것은 'be' λ™μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
29:21
If the subject is β€˜you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
467
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5360
μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'λ„ˆ'라면 거기에 μ–΄λ–€ be동사λ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄μ•Ό 할지 생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
29:27
The correct answer is β€˜were’.
468
1767520
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정닡은 'μ—ˆμ—ˆλ‹€'이닀.
29:30
And then, we say β€˜not’.
469
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2240
그러면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
29:34
What happens after that?
470
1774080
1280
κ·Έ ν›„μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λ‚˜μš”?
29:36
Remember, β€˜verb-ing’.
471
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'동사-ing'을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
29:39
So β€˜you were not playing’
472
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'you was not play'
29:43
β€˜two days ago, you were not playing soccer’
473
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3120
'two days ago, you was not player football'을
29:47
You can also use a contraction and say,
474
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μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 'You was not play football'이라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
29:49
β€˜You weren't playing soccer.’
475
1789520
1840
.
29:52
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
476
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
29:56
β€˜Yesterday, she were reading at home.’
477
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'μ–΄μ œλŠ” μ§‘μ—μ„œ 책을 읽고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
29:59
hmmm
478
1799960
1000
흠
30:00
The subject of this sentence is β€˜she’ so the β€˜be’ verb to use is not β€˜were’.
479
1800960
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이 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'she'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'be' λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'were'κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:08
It's 'was'.
480
1808000
1600
'μ˜€λ‹€' μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:10
β€˜Yesterday, she was reading at home.’
481
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'μ–΄μ œλŠ” μ§‘μ—μ„œ 책을 읽고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
30:14
In the next sentence it says, β€˜Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’
482
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” '내일 그듀은 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:20
hmmm
483
1820400
240
흠
30:21
β€˜They’ and β€˜were’
484
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'κ·Έλ“€'κ³Ό 'μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'
30:23
That's correct.
485
1823360
1200
λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:24
And we have the β€˜verb-ing’
486
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” '동사-ing'을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:27
So what's the mistake?
487
1827440
1200
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
30:29
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
488
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž„μ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
30:33
β€˜Tomorrow’ is not the past.
489
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'내일'은 κ³Όκ±°κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:36
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
490
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€μ‹ μ— κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:40
For example, I can say, β€˜yesterday’.
491
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 'μ–΄μ œ'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
30:46
β€˜Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’
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'μ–΄μ œ 그듀은 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
30:49
Let's move on.
493
1849680
800
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
30:51
Now, let's start a checkup of the β€˜when’ usage
494
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜
30:54
of the past continuous tense.
495
1854480
1840
'μ–Έμ œ' μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 점검을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
30:56
Take a look at the first example.
496
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1760
. 첫 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
30:59
It says, β€˜Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’
497
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'μ•ˆλ“œλ ˆμ•„μ™€ μ‘΄'이 은행에 μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μž…μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 곡백이라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
31:05
Remember β€˜when’ shows an interrupting action.
498
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'μ–Έμ œ'κ°€ λ°©ν•΄ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ”μ§€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
31:09
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
499
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3360
λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
31:12
So let's first look at the second blank.
500
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그럼 λ¨Όμ € 두 번째 곡백을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
31:15
β€˜When they blank hurt’
501
1875520
2480
'그듀이 μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μž…μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ'
31:18
What's the past tense of the verb β€˜get’?
502
1878000
2320
동사 'get'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
31:20
The answer is β€˜got’.
503
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2160
닡은 'μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€'이닀.
31:24
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
504
1884480
4720
이제 과거에 μ§„ν–‰λœ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
31:29
β€˜Andrea and John’ or β€˜they’
505
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2320
'μ•ˆλ“œλ ˆμ•„μ™€ μ‘΄' λ˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ“€'
31:33
Well what comes after β€˜they’?
506
1893040
1600
그럼 'κ·Έλ“€' λ’€μ—λŠ” 무엇이 μ˜€λ‚˜μš”?
31:35
β€˜were’.
507
1895680
400
'μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€'.
31:37
β€˜Andrea and John were’
508
1897120
1840
'Andrea and John was'
31:39
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
509
1899760
3360
그런 λ‹€μŒ 동사에 -ingλ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
31:44
β€˜They were skiing’ or β€˜Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’.
510
1904400
6800
'그듀은 μŠ€ν‚€λ₯Ό 타고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' λ˜λŠ” 'μ•ˆλ“œλ ˆμ•„μ™€ 쑴은 뢀상을 λ‹Ήν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μŠ€ν‚€λ₯Ό 타고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
31:52
The next example says, β€˜It blank not raining when the game blank’.
511
1912160
5200
λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'κ²Œμž„μ΄ λΉ„μ–΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ λΉ„κ°€ 내리지 μ•Šκ³  λΉ„μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
31:57
And I want you to use the verb β€˜start’ for the second blank.
512
1917920
3680
그리고 두 번째 κ³΅λ°±μ—λŠ” 동사 'start'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
32:02
Take a look β€˜when the game blank’ what's the past tense of β€˜start’?
513
1922560
4800
'κ²Œμž„μ΄ 곡백일 λ•Œ'λ₯Ό λ³΄μ„Έμš”. 'μ‹œμž‘'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
32:09
β€˜started’
514
1929120
640
'μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€'
32:10
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
515
1930960
2880
이제 λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
32:14
The subject is β€˜it’.
516
1934400
1840
μ£Όμ œλŠ” '그것'이닀.
32:17
So what β€˜be’ verb do we use for 'it'?
517
1937120
2800
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 'it'μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 'be' 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
32:21
β€˜was’
518
1941680
320
'μ˜€μ§€'
32:22
β€˜It was not raining when the game started.’
519
1942800
2720
'κ²½κΈ°κ°€ μ‹œμž‘λμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” λΉ„κ°€ 내리지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄.'
32:26
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
520
1946320
2640
이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
32:32
β€˜I wasn't study at the library yesterday’.
521
1952160
4000
'λ‚˜ μ–΄μ œ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ—μ„œ 곡뢀 μ•ˆ ν–ˆμ–΄'.
32:36
The subject here is β€˜I’ and so the β€˜be’ verb β€˜was’ is correct.
522
1956880
4960
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'I'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'be' 동사 'was'κ°€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
32:42
Here there's a contraction, β€˜I wasn't’ for β€˜I was not’.
523
1962720
4640
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ‹€'λ₯Ό 'λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 μ€„μ—¬μ„œ ν‘œν˜„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
32:48
Now the problem is with the verb.
524
1968320
2240
이제 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 동사에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
32:51
Remember we need to put β€˜β€“ing’ at the end of the verb.
525
1971120
5200
동사 끝에 '-ing'을 λΆ™μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
32:56
β€˜I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’
526
1976320
3440
'λ‚˜λŠ” μ–΄μ œ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ—μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
33:00
And finally, β€˜We did meet our friends last weekend.’
527
1980480
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 주말에 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
33:06
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
528
1986320
4880
λ§žλŠ” 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ, κ³Όκ±° μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
33:12
Take a look again.
529
1992160
960
λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
33:13
The subject is β€˜we’.
530
1993760
1520
μ£Όμ œλŠ” '우리'λ‹€.
33:16
We need a β€˜be’ verb.
531
1996080
1200
'be' 동사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
33:18
β€˜were’
532
1998000
480
'ν–ˆλ‹€'
33:20
Then what happens?
533
2000240
960
그러면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λ‚˜μš”?
33:21
Remember, we need to add an β€˜-ing’ to the end of the verb,
534
2001920
4880
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 동사 끝에 '-ing'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ
33:27
so we take out β€˜did’ and say, β€˜We were meeting our friends last weekend.’
535
2007360
5040
'did'λ₯Ό λΉΌκ³  'We was Meet our friends last Weekend'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
33:33
Let's move on.
536
2013200
1120
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
33:34
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the β€˜while’ usage of the past continuous tense.
537
2014320
5680
이제 이번 점검을 μœ„ν•΄ κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ 'while' μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
33:40
Take a look at the first example.
538
2020640
1760
첫 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
33:42
β€˜While I blank someone blank my bike.’
539
2022960
3360
'λ‚΄κ°€ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό λΉ„μš°λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚΄ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό λΉ„μ›ŒλΌ.'
33:47
When we use β€˜while’ in the past continuous tense,
540
2027120
3680
κ³Όκ±° μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ—μ„œ 'while'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
33:50
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
541
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과거에 두 가지 λ™μž‘μ΄ λ™μ‹œμ— λ°œμƒν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜
33:55
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
542
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과거에 λ™μ‹œμ— λ°œμƒν–ˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
33:59
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
543
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 두 λ™μž‘ λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:04
β€˜While I blank’
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'λ‚΄κ°€ 곡백인 λ™μ•ˆ'
34:06
I want you to use β€˜shop’ in the first blank.
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첫 번째 곡백에 'shop'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:10
Remember, the subject here is β€˜I’ so I need to use the β€˜be’ verb β€˜was’.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'I'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'be' 동사 'was'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:17
Then β€˜verb-ing’.
547
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ€ '동사-ing'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:23
β€˜While I was shopping’
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'μ‡Όν•‘ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ'
34:26
Now β€˜someone’ can be a β€˜he’ or β€˜she’.
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이제 'λˆ„κ΅°κ°€'λŠ” 'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒ' λ˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€'κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:30
Therefore, again we need to use β€˜was’
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ 'was'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ
34:34
and then the β€˜verb-ing’ of β€˜steal’.
551
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λ‹€μŒ 'steal'의 '동사-ing'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
34:39
β€˜While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.’
552
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'λ‚΄κ°€ 쇼핑을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ λ‚΄ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό ν›”μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
34:43
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
34:45
β€˜While he blank’
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'While he 곡백' μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
34:48
I want you to use the verb β€˜cook’.
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. 동사 'cook'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:51
The subject is β€˜he’ and so I need to use β€˜was cooking’.
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'he'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'was Cooking'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
34:58
β€˜While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’
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'κ·Έκ°€ μš”λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 그의 μ—¬μžμΉœκ΅¬λŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
35:08
Did you get that?
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κ·Έκ±° μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμ–΄?
35:10
Let's move on.
559
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
35:11
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
35:17
β€˜Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’
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'μ œμΈμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 우리λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
35:22
The first part of the sentence is correct.
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λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄이 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
35:25
β€˜Jane was looking’
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'Jane was looking'
35:28
Now the second part of the sentence.
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이제 λ¬Έμž₯의 두 번째 λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
35:31
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
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κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
35:34
β€˜While we get off the plane’
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'μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ'
35:37
So what we need to do is say, β€˜were getting’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은 'were getting'이라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
35:44
β€˜Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’
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'μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 제인이 우리λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
35:50
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ μžλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ TVλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
35:56
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ λ¬Έμž₯의 이 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±°μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:02
My wife is a β€˜she’ and so I need to say β€˜was sleeping’.
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λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ '자고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  λ§ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:11
β€˜I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’
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'μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 자고 μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚˜λŠ” TVλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
36:15
Great job, everyone.
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정말 μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
36:16
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
36:18
Good job, everybody in learning the pastΒ Β 
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μˆ˜κ³ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±°
36:21
continuous tense.
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μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ λ°°μš°μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:22
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 쑰금 μ–΄λ ΅κ³  κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:27
Especially when it comes to the β€˜when’ and β€˜while’ usage.
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특히 'μ–Έμ œ'와 'λ™μ•ˆ' μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλΌλ©΄μš”.
36:31
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μˆ™λ‹¬ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ•½κ°„μ˜ μ—°μŠ΅μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:35
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.Β 
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ˜μ–΄ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ‹œκ³  λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:47
Hi, everybody.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
36:48
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:49
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
36:53
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— λ°œμƒν•œ λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:00
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” μ•½κ°„ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ œκ°€ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦΄ν…Œλ‹ˆ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
37:05
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
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배울 것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많고 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:08
So keep watching.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 계속 μ§€μΌœλ³΄μ„Έμš”.
37:12
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
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κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 첫 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:17
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 행동 이전에 λ°œμƒν•œ 과거의
37:21
that happened before another action in the past.
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행동을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
37:24
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
37:26
β€˜I have visited China before I moved there.’
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'μ €λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
37:30
No matter what the subject you follow with β€˜had’,
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'had'둜 λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 상관 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:33
So that's easy.
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그러면 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:35
β€˜I had’ β€˜Steve had’
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'λ‚΄κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄' 'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒκ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄'
37:37
β€˜The plane had’ and β€˜We had’.
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'λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄' 그리고 'μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄'.
37:40
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:44
In this case, it's β€˜visited’.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:47
β€˜I had visited China.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.'
37:49
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
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이제 두 번째 동사가 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:54
β€˜I moved there.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 거기둜 μ΄μ‚¬ν–ˆλ‹€.'
37:55
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
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그리고 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 쑰금 더 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
37:59
β€˜Steve had bought the book.’
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'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒκ°€ κ·Έ 책을 μƒ€μ–΄μš”.'
38:01
Again, β€˜subject’, β€˜had’ and β€˜past participle’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'μ£Όμ–΄', 'had', '과거뢄사'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:06
In this case, the verb is β€˜buy’.
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이 경우 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'ꡬ맀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:08
β€˜Steve had bought the book before he read it.’
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'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒλŠ” 책을 읽기 전에 κ·Έ 책을 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
38:13
Again, we have the simple tense of β€˜read’ which is β€˜read’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, '읽닀'λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλŠ” '읽닀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:18
And finally, β€˜The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'λ‚΄κ°€ 곡항에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ” 이미 떠났닀'κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
38:23
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이 λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:28
β€˜The plane had left’.
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'λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ 떠났닀'.
38:30
This is the past participle of β€˜leave’.
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'leave'의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:33
The second verb says, β€˜I got to the airport.’
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두 번째 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'I got to the Airport'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:37
β€˜got’ is the past tense of β€˜get’.
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'μ–»λ‹€'λŠ” 'μ–»λ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λ‹€.
38:40
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, β€˜before’.
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이제 이 μ„Έ λ¬Έμž₯의 곡톡점은 '전에'λ₯Ό 보게 될 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:47
β€˜before’ or β€˜by the time’.
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'이전' λ˜λŠ” 'λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ'.
38:49
They all mean the same thing.
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그것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:52
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
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κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œν˜• 동사가 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
38:57
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
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λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°ν˜• λ™μ‚¬λŠ” after에 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:01
So again, for the first example.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번, 첫 번째 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:04
β€˜before I move there’ That happened later.
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'κ±°κΈ° μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에' λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 그런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:08
Before that, β€˜I had already visited China.’
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κ·Έ μ „μ—λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.'
39:12
Do you understand how that works?
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그게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
39:14
Let's take a look at the last example.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:17
β€˜When they arrived, we had already started the game.’
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'그듀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 κ²Œμž„μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
39:21
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŠ¦μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 무슨 일이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:24
But β€˜When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.
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그런데 '그듀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ'λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λ‹€.
39:28
So this happened second.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이런 일이 두 번째둜 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:31
β€˜We had already started the game.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 κ²Œμž„μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
39:34
This action had already started.
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이 μž‘μ—…μ€ 이미 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:37
It started before this action.
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이 μž‘μ—… 이전에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:40
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
39:42
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
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μ•žμ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ 과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 행동 이전에 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜
39:47
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
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행동을 λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
39:52
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
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. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 기간도 κ°•μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:56
How long that first action happened.
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첫 번째 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ λ°œμƒν•œ κΈ°κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
39:59
We do this by using four and a duration.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 4κ°œμ™€ 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:03
Let's take a look.
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ν•œ 번 보자.
40:05
β€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
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'μ €λŠ” 컴퓨터가 κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
40:10
This is very similar to the first usage.
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μ΄λŠ” 첫 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•κ³Ό 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:13
β€˜I had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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'I had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사.
40:18
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
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이 뢀뢄은 과거에 이전에 λ°œμƒν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:23
The second part, β€˜it broke’.
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두 번째 뢀뢄은 'κΉ¨μ‘Œλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:25
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜• λ™μ‚¬λŠ”
40:29
that happened later than the first action.
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첫 번째 λ™μž‘λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ°œμƒν•œ κ³Όκ±° λ™μž‘μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:33
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, β€˜for two months’.
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그런데 이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” '두 달 λ™μ•ˆ'μ΄λΌλŠ” 기간이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:38
β€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
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'μ €λŠ” 컴퓨터가 κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
40:43
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 첫 번째 행동이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:49
Let's take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
40:52
β€˜Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’
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'짐은 강아지λ₯Ό ν‚€μš°κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ› μ–΄μš”.'
40:57
Again, we have subject β€˜had’, past participle.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ μ£Όμ–΄ 'had', 과거뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:02
And then we have the past simple β€˜he got a puppy’.
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그리고 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ 'he got a puppy'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:07
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 첫 번째 행동이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:13
He had been lonely for a long time.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:17
That is until the later action, β€˜he got a puppy.’
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그것은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 'κ·Έκ°€ 강아지λ₯Ό ν‚€μ› μ–΄μš”'λΌλŠ” 행동이 λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:22
And finally, β€˜She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, '그녀와 λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 되기 전에 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μΉœκ΅¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
41:29
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
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λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 번째 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:33
It happened before she became my wife.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 되기 전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:37
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚˜λŠ” 그것이 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:42
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
41:44
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ 뢀정문을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:49
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
41:51
The first sentence says, β€˜I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은 'μ–΄μ œ κ°€κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•œ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
41:58
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ 있고 여기에 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
42:04
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
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이것은 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동
42:08
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
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이고 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” 것은 과거에 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
42:13
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 뢀정문이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사
42:19
the β€˜had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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사이에 'not'을 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
42:23
So I say, β€˜I have not eaten’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'λ°₯ μ•ˆ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄'라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
42:27
Or I can use the contraction
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λ˜λŠ” λ‹¨μΆ•ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
42:29
and say, β€˜I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
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'μ–΄μ œ κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•œ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
42:35
The next sentence is very similar.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯도 맀우 λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄μš”.'
42:38
β€˜She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 주에 κ°€κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ μ„œμ»€μŠ€μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
42:42
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
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과거에 더 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
42:46
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
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그리고 과거에 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
42:50
However, again, because it's negative,
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그런데 또 뢀정문이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
42:53
I put a 'not' between β€˜had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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'had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사 사이에 'not'을 λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
42:59
Also, I can use the contraction and say, β€˜She hadn't been to the circus.’
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λ˜ν•œ, λ‚˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ„œμ»€μŠ€μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
43:06
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
43:07
β€˜The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’
679
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'κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” μƒˆκ°€ λ‚ μ•„κ°€κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 쫓지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지속 μ‹œκ°„
43:13
Remember, we can show duration,
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μ΄λ‚˜ 첫 번째 μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
43:16
or how long the first action was true.
681
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ν‘œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš” .
43:19
by using 'for' and a duration.
682
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'for'와 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬.
43:22
Because this is the negative form,
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이것은 λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
43:24
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
684
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번, μ£Όμ–΄ 뒀와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사 μ•žμ— 'had not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
43:32
In this case, the contraction β€˜hadn't’ is already there for you.
685
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. 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'hadn't'λΌλŠ” μˆ˜μΆ•ν˜•μ΄ 이미 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
43:37
β€˜We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ²°ν˜Όν•˜κΈ° 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
43:42
That's a pretty short time.
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κ½€ 짧은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—μš”.
43:44
It shows the duration by saying β€˜for’, How long?
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'for', μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ? 라고 λ§ν•˜μ—¬ 기간을 ν‘œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
43:48
β€˜three months’
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'3κ°œμ›”'
43:49
Let's move on.
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둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μž.
43:51
Now, let's take a look at questions using β€˜had’ in the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ 'had'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
43:57
Take a look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
43:59
It says, β€˜She had eaten lunch by noon.’
693
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ •μ˜€κΉŒμ§€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:03
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
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이제 이것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것은 맀우 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:07
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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당신이 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:11
So instead of β€˜she had’, we say β€˜Had she’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'she had' λŒ€μ‹ μ— 'Had she'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:15
β€˜Had she eaten lunch by noon?’
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'μ •μ˜€κΉŒμ§€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
44:18
You can say, β€˜Yes, she had.’
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'예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:20
or β€˜No, she hadn't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
44:23
The next sentence says, β€˜It had rained before they left.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '그듀이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ Έλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:27
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:31
Instead of β€˜It had’, say β€˜Had it’ to make a question.
702
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'It had' λŒ€μ‹  'Had it'이라고 λ§ν•˜μ—¬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œμ„Έμš”.
44:36
β€˜Had it rained before they left?’
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'그듀이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
44:39
To reply you can say, β€˜Yes, it had.’
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λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λ €λ©΄ '예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:42
or β€˜No, it hadn't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
44:45
Let's move on now.
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이제 계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:47
I'll go into how to form β€˜WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.
707
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ 'WH' μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:52
Let's take a look.
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ν•œ 번 보자.
44:54
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
709
2694400
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 각 질문의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄에 'WH' 단어λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
44:59
β€˜where’, β€˜who’, β€˜what’, and β€˜how’.
710
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'μ–΄λ””μ„œ', 'λˆ„κ°€', '무엇을', 'μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ'.
45:04
Let's take a look at the first question.
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첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:07
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 이전에 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
45:10
You'll notice that after each β€˜WH’ word, we have β€˜had’.
713
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각 'WH' 단어 λ’€μ—λŠ” 'had'κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:15
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 주어와 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:21
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 이전에 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
45:25
The next question says, β€˜Who had she talked to before?’
716
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ '이전에 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:29
This is the same thing the β€˜WH’ word
717
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3200
μ΄λŠ” 'WH' 단어
45:33
β€˜had she’ and then the past participle.
718
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'had she'와 과거뢄사도 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:37
You'll notice here that we have the word β€˜before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
719
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여기에 '이전'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ„ 쓰지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:44
If you see that it simply means before now.
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당신이 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ 그것은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ§€κΈˆ 이전을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:48
The next question says, β€˜What had he eaten before lunch?’
721
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ '점심 전에 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
45:53
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says β€˜lunch for you'.
722
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ λ™μΌν•œ 곡식을 λ”°λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'lunch for you'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
46:00
The last one says,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
46:01
β€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?’
724
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'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ°μ΄νŠΈν•˜κΈ° 전에 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'라고
46:06
Again how long β€˜had’ + β€˜subject’ and then the past participle.
725
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λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 'had' + 'μ£Όμ–΄'와 κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬μ˜ κΈΈμ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
46:13
Let's take a look at howΒ  to answer these questions.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
46:17
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
727
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2000
'κ·ΈλŠ” 이전에 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
46:20
β€˜He had traveled to Europe.’
728
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'κ·ΈλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ„ μ—¬ν–‰ν•œ 적이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.'
46:22
is one possible answer.
729
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1440
ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
46:25
β€˜Who had she talked to before?’
730
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이전에 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄λ‚˜μš”?'
46:28
Here I can say, β€˜She had talked to her brother.’
731
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ˜€λΉ μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄λ‹€'κ³  말할 수 μžˆλ‹€.
46:33
β€˜What had he eaten before lunch?’
732
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 점심 식사 전에 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
46:36
β€˜He had eaten sushi before lunch.’
733
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 점심 식사 전에 초λ°₯을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
46:39
And finally, β€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ°μ΄νŠΈν•˜κΈ° 전에 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
46:45
β€˜She had known him for three years.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ₯Ό 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œκ³  μ§€λƒˆμ–΄μš”.'
46:48
That is one possible answer.
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이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
46:50
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
46:52
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
738
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ‡ 가지 μ—°μŠ΅ 문제λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
46:59
Take a look at the first sentence.
739
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
47:01
β€˜I blank for six hours before I had a break.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° 전에 6μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 곡백을 λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
47:06
The verb here is β€˜work’.
741
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'μΌν•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
47:08
Remember, we need to say β€˜I had’.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'λ‚΄κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
47:11
No matter what the subject is, say β€˜had’.
743
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μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 'had'라고 λ§ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
47:16
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
47:20
In this case, we would say β€˜worked’.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'μΌν–ˆλ‹€'κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
47:26
β€˜I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° 전에 6μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
47:30
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
47:35
β€˜We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΌλ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ“£κΈ° 전에 TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
47:41
Remember, for the negative form, we say β€˜had not’
749
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λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ˜ 경우 'had not'이라고 λ§ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
47:45
or we use the contraction, β€˜hadn't’.
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'hadn't'λΌλŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
47:49
β€˜We hadn’t’.
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'.
47:51
And then, we need the past participle.
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그리고 과거뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
47:57
β€˜We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΌλ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ“£κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” TVλ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
48:02
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
48:07
β€˜Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
755
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'ReggieλŠ” 페루둜 κ°€κΈ° 전에 λ©•μ‹œμ½”λ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
48:13
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, β€˜hadn't’ is correct.
756
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κΈ€μŽ„, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 여기에 주제λ₯Ό 가지고 있고 뢀정에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 'ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'κ°€ μ •ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
48:19
However, we need the past participle of the verb β€˜be’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 동사 'be'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
48:24
So the correct answer is,
758
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 정닡은
48:26
β€˜Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
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4240
'λ ˆμ§€λŠ” νŽ˜λ£¨μ— κ°€κΈ° 전에 λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€'이닀.
48:31
And finally, β€˜Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, 'Sally와 Jan λ˜λŠ” 그듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 일을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
48:38
Hmm.
761
2918200
1000
흠.
48:39
Remember, we need the past participle.
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κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
48:42
We don't say do.
763
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
48:43
We say β€˜done’.
764
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ™„λ£Œ'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
48:46
β€˜Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’
765
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'Sally와 Jan은 TVλ₯Ό 보기 전에 일을 λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
48:51
Let's move on.
766
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1040
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
48:52
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
767
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이번 μ κ²€μ—μ„œλŠ” 기간을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ
48:56
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
768
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λͺ‡ 가지 μ—°μŠ΅ 문제λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
49:00
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
769
2940480
1920
첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:03
β€˜You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’
770
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4800
'집에 였기 전에 μ„Έ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κ³΅μ›μ—μ„œ λ©ν•˜λ‹ˆ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .'
49:08
Remember, we start with the subject and then β€˜had’.
771
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3040
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λ‹€μŒ 'had'둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:12
So I'm going to add that here,
772
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1680
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 여기에 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:15
then we need the past participle of the verb β€˜be’.
773
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 동사 'be'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:19
And that is β€˜been’.
774
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그리고 그것은 'λμ–΄μš”'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:22
β€˜You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’
775
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4320
'당신은 집에 였기 전에 μ„Έ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 곡원에 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
49:27
The next sentence says,
776
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1760
λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
49:29
β€˜They blank for six hours before they took a break.’
777
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3920
'그듀은 νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° μ „ 6μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 곡백을 κ°–λŠ”λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:34
Again, no matter what the subject, we have β€˜had’ and then the past participle.
778
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 'had'와 과거뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:40
So the answer is,
779
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€
49:42
β€˜They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’
780
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'그듀은 쉬기 전에 6μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:49
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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3120
이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
49:52
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
782
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2800
μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 쑰금 더 κ±Έλ €μ„œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ’€ 걸릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
49:56
β€˜They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’
783
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5360
'그듀은 첫 싸움을 ν•˜κΈ° μ „ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
50:03
Can you find the mistake?
784
3003120
1280
μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
50:05
Well, we have the subject and β€˜had’, but check this out.
785
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3920
κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주어와 'had'λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것을 확인해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
50:09
There are two past participles here.
786
3009280
2880
μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” 과거뢄사가 두 개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:12
We need to get rid of one of them.
787
3012160
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:15
We can take out this verb and say, β€˜They had known each other for ten years
788
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이 동사λ₯Ό λΉΌλ©΄ '그듀은
50:21
before they had their first fight.’
789
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첫 싸움을 ν•˜κΈ° μ „ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:24
The next sentence says, β€˜I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
790
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ‚˜λŠ” 첫 골을 λ„£κΈ° 전에 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:32
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯은 μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” ν‹€λ¦° 것 같지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:36
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say β€˜had’.
792
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” 'had'라고 말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:40
β€˜I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
793
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6560
'μ €λŠ” 첫 골을 λ„£κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
50:48
Good job, everybody.
794
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μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
50:49
Let's move on.
795
3049440
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
50:50
Great job, everyone.
796
3050640
1520
정말 μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
50:52
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
797
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3760
이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
50:56
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
798
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3200
쑰금 μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ 계속 곡뢀
50:59
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
799
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2240
ν•˜κ³  μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λ©΄ λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
51:02
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
800
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이면
51:06
I know you'll master it.
801
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1680
μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
51:08
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ 정말 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦¬λ©°, λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
51:20
Hi, everybody.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
51:21
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
51:22
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
51:27
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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과거의
51:30
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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진행 쀑인 λ™μž‘μ„ 과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 큰 μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
51:34
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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. 배울게 λ§ŽμœΌλ‹ˆ 계속 μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
51:40
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ ν•œ 가지 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ€ κ³Όκ±°
51:46
past that continued up to another point in the
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의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 과거의 진행 쀑인 λ™μž‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
51:50
past.
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.
51:51
You can use β€˜for’ and a duration to talk about
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'for'와 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄λ‹Ή μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
51:54
how long that action was in progress.
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말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
51:57
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
51:59
β€˜I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” λ²„μŠ€κ°€ λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 두 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
52:04
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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당신은 μ²˜μŒμ— 그것을 μ•Œμ•„ 차릴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:06
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with β€˜had been’.
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μ£Όμ œκ°€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈμ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'had been'을 λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:11
For example, β€˜I had been’, β€˜Chuck had been’,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 'λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλž¬λ‹€', 'Chuck은 κ·Έλž¬λ‹€',
52:15
And β€˜Tom and Kim had been.’
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그리고 'Tom and Kim은 κ·Έλž¬λ‹€'.
52:18
And then we follow with the verb β€˜-ing’.
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그리고 '-ing' 동사가 λ”°λΌμ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:22
β€˜waiting’.
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'λŒ€κΈ° 쀑'.
52:23
β€˜I had been waiting.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.'
52:25
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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이제 이것은 λ¨Όμ € λ°œμƒν•œ 지속적인 μž‘μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:29
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 4μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 2μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ†Œμš”μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:33
The second part says, β€˜it arrived’.
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두 번째 뢀뢄은 'λ„μ°©ν–ˆλ‹€'κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:36
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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이 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:39
Therefore, that is the second action.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 그것이 두 번째 행동이닀.
52:42
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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이 행동이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 이 첫 번째 행동이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동
52:49
so again, β€˜I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened
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μ΄λ―€λ‘œ, 또 'λ²„μŠ€λ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ°€
52:52
first.
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λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:53
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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그리고 λ²„μŠ€κ°€ 도착할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 그런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
52:58
β€˜Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.
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'척이 μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.' μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ κ·Έ 뢀뢄은 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:02
No matter what’s the subject, we say β€˜had been’ and then verb β€˜-ing’.
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μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 무엇이든 'had been'이라고 λ§ν•œ λ‹€μŒ 동사 '-ing'을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:08
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying β€˜for an hour’, showing
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ Chuck이 μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 'ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ'이라고 λ§ν•˜μ—¬
53:14
the duration.
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쑰리 μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν‘œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:16
And then, I finished by saying, β€˜before he finished’.
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 'κ·Έκ°€ λλ‚˜κΈ° 전에'라고 λ§ν•˜λ©° 끝을 λ§Ίμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:20
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 과거에 이 μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:25
Finally, β€˜Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'ν†°κ³Ό 킴은 κ±·κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€', 이 뢀뢄은 μ§€κΈˆμ―€μ΄λ©΄ μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§€μ…¨μ„ 텐데,
53:31
β€˜for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.
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'ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ' 또, 지속 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:35
β€˜before they rested.’
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'그듀이 쉬기 전에.'
53:37
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° 전에 ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κ±·κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
53:43
Before they rested.
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그듀이 쉬기 전에.
53:45
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
53:46
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ 과거의 원인과 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•  λ•Œλ„ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
53:52
past.
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.
53:54
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• λ™μ‚¬λŠ”
53:59
why something happened.
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 이유, 원인을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:00
We can use β€˜because’ or β€˜so’ to show the cause and effect.
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원인과 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄'μ΄λ‚˜ 'κ·Έλž˜μ„œ'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:06
Here, I'll explain.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:08
β€˜Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’
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'μ œμ΄μŠ¨μ€ 쑰깅을 ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν”Όκ³€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
54:12
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:16
β€˜Jason was tired,’ However, we see β€˜why?’
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'μ œμ΄μŠ¨μ€ ν”Όκ³€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.' κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ™œ?'λ₯Ό λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:21
Well, because, β€˜he had been jogging’.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 'κ·ΈλŠ” 쑰깅을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”'.
54:24
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯의 두 번째 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:29
β€˜he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,
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'he had been', μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
54:33
we follow with β€˜had been’ and jogging – β€˜verb -ing’.
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'had been'κ³Ό μ‘°κΉ… – '동사 -ing'이 λ’€λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:38
β€˜he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 쑰깅을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€' 이것은 제이슨이 ν”Όκ³€ν•œ 이유λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:44
The next sentence says, β€˜The pavement’ or it β€˜was wet because
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '포μž₯λ„λ‘œ' λ˜λŠ” 'λΉ„κ°€
54:50
it had been raining.’
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λ‚΄λ €μ„œ μ –μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
54:52
Similar to the first sentence, β€˜it had been raining’ shows the cause.
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첫 λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ 'λΉ„κ°€ μ™”λ‹€'κ°€ κ·Έ 원인을 보여쀀닀.
54:57
Why was the pavement wet?
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μ™œ 포μž₯ λ„λ‘œκ°€ μ –μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
54:59
β€˜The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’
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'λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ €μ„œ λ„λ‘œκ°€ μ –μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
55:04
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ 차이가 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
55:07
β€˜The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'아이듀은 놀고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€' μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
55:13
tense.
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.
55:14
β€˜had been playing’ The second part says, β€˜the room was a mess’.
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'놀고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄' 두 번째 뢀뢄은 '방이 μ—‰λ§μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
55:19
So here, instead of β€˜because’ like the first two sentences,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 처음 두 λ¬Έμž₯처럼 'μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄'
55:23
I used β€˜so’.
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— 'κ·Έλž˜μ„œ'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
55:25
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μˆœμ„œλŠ” λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
55:30
This, β€˜the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.
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'아이듀이 놀고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'λŠ” 이유둜 방은 엉망이 됐닀.
55:36
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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이것이 원인이고 이것이 결과이닀.
55:40
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
55:42
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
55:47
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
55:50
β€˜I had not been working for a day before I quit.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨ λ™μ•ˆ 일을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  κ·Έλ§Œλ’€λ‹€.'
55:54
So no matter what the subject β€˜I’, β€˜you’, β€˜she’, or β€˜it’,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ£Όμ–΄ 'I', 'you', 'she', 'it'κ°€ 무엇이든 간에
55:59
just like in the affirmative, we say β€˜had’, but after the β€˜had’, in the negative form,
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긍정문과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 'had'라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  λΆ€μ •λ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 'had' 뒀에
56:06
we add β€˜not’. β€˜had not’
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'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€'. 'had not'
56:09
β€˜had not’ or you can use the contraction β€˜hadn't’.
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'had not' λ˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜• 'hadn't'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:13
Which is a combination of β€˜had’ and β€˜not’ together.
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'ν–ˆλ‹€'와 'μ•Šλ‹€'κ°€ 합쳐진 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:17
β€˜I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'λ‚˜λŠ” μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€' λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ¬Έμž₯은 λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:22
β€˜been + verb -ing’ β€˜I had not been working for a day before
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'been + 동사 -ing' 'λ‚˜λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨ λ™μ•ˆ 일을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
56:28
I quit.’
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κ·Έλ§Œλ’€λ‹€.'
56:30
The next sentence says, β€˜You had not been cutting onions for long
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '당신은 μ–‘νŒŒλ₯Ό 자λ₯Έ 지 μ˜€λž˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ
56:34
before you cried.’
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μšΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:36
Again, the β€˜not’ goes between β€˜had’ and β€˜been’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 'had'와 'be' μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” 'not'이 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:41
β€˜She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 잠이 λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
56:46
Here, we have the contraction.
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여기에 μˆ˜μΆ•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:48
And finally, β€˜It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, '눈이 그쳀을 λ•ŒλŠ” μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 눈이 내리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
56:52
stopped.’
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.'
56:53
Again, we have the contraction for β€˜had not’ here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ 'had not'에 λŒ€ν•œ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
56:57
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used β€˜before’.
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처음 두 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” '이전'을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:01
And in the last two, I used β€˜when’.
893
3421360
2080
그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 두 κ°œμ—μ„œλŠ” 'μ–Έμ œ'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
57:04
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
894
3424400
4160
λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 첫 번째 μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ€‘μ§€λœ μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:09
Let's move on.
895
3429280
800
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
57:10
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
896
3430800
6000
이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λ³Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:17
Here is the first example.
897
3437440
1600
첫 번째 μ˜ˆλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:19
β€˜He had been driving all day before he arrived.’
898
3439840
3600
'κ·ΈλŠ” λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 전에 ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 μš΄μ „μ„ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
57:24
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
899
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이제 이것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈλ €λ©΄ 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
57:29
two words.
900
3449680
720
.
57:30
Instead of β€˜He had’, now I can say, β€˜Had he’, in order to form a question.
901
3450960
5600
이제 'He had' λŒ€μ‹  'Had he'라고 말할 수 μžˆμ–΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:37
β€˜Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’
902
3457360
3760
'κ·Έκ°€ λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 전에 ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 μš΄μ „μ„ ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
57:42
The next sentence says, β€˜The dog had been barking because it was
903
3462000
4800
λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'κ°œλŠ” λ¬΄μ„œμ›Œμ„œ μ§–μ—ˆλ‹€
57:46
scared.’
904
3466800
480
'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:48
In this case, the subject is β€˜The dog’.
905
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2560
이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'The dog'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:51
And then we follow with β€˜had’.
906
3471360
2480
그리고 'had'κ°€ λ”°λΌμ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:53
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
907
3473840
3840
이것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ‹œ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
57:58
β€˜Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’
908
3478400
3760
'κ°œκ°€ λ¬΄μ„œμ›Œμ„œ μ§–μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
58:02
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
909
3482800
5440
μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” 같은 μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:09
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
910
3489120
5200
이제 첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν•œ κΈ°κ°„
58:14
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
911
3494320
2720
λ˜λŠ” 과거에 ν•΄λ‹Ή μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 묻고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:17
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
912
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4320
그리고 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 원인과 결과에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:21
Let's move on.
913
3501920
800
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
58:23
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
914
3503440
6240
이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ WH μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:30
Take a look at these examples.
915
3510240
2160
λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
58:32
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
916
3512400
3840
λͺ¨λ‘ WH λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:36
Why, where, what, and who.
917
3516240
3280
μ™œ, μ–΄λ””μ„œ, 무엇을, λˆ„κ΅¬.
58:40
You might also have noticed that after we have β€˜had’.
918
3520320
3600
당신은 λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 'κ°–λ‹€'λ₯Ό ν•œ 후에 그것을 μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ Έμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:44
β€˜Why had’ β€˜Where had’
919
3524560
2320
'Why had' 'Where had'
58:46
β€˜What had’ and β€˜Who had’
920
3526880
2000
'What had' 및 'Who had'
58:49
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
921
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3920
첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ£Όμ œκ°€ κ·Έ 뒀에 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
58:54
β€˜Why had you’ And then β€˜been + verb -ing’
922
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4560
'Why had you' 그리고 'been + 동사 -ing'
58:59
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
923
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4240
그리고 그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” λ™μΌν•œ νŒ¨ν„΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
59:03
So β€˜Why had you been studying so much?’
924
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2960
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 곡뢀λ₯Ό 많이 ν–ˆλ‚˜?'
59:07
I can answer by saying, β€˜I had been studying so much because I have
925
3547440
4800
' μ‹œν—˜μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 곡뢀λ₯Ό λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”'라고 λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€
59:12
a test.’
926
3552240
560
.
59:14
β€˜Where had you been traveling before you came here?’
927
3554240
4080
'μ—¬κΈ° 였기 μ „μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°€μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?'
59:18
I can say, β€˜I had been traveling through Asia.’
928
3558320
3520
λ‚˜λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„μ‹œμ•„λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  말할 수 μžˆλ‹€.
59:23
β€˜What had they been playing before they played soccer?’
929
3563440
3760
'그듀은 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ° 전에 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
59:27
I can answer, β€˜They had been playing baseball.’
930
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3120
λ‚˜λŠ” '그듀은 야ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
59:31
And finally, β€˜Who had she been talking to before she
931
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4720
그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ '집을 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄λ‚˜μš”
59:36
left home?’
932
3576480
720
?'
59:37
I can answer, β€˜She had been talking to her boyfriend.’
933
3577840
3520
λ‚˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚¨μžμΉœκ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
59:42
Let's move on.
934
3582160
800
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
59:43
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
935
3583760
3600
κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 점검을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
59:48
Take a look at the first sentence.
936
3588080
2160
첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
59:50
It says, β€˜They __ for a long time before they went home.’
937
3590240
4960
'그듀은 집에 κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ __ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
59:56
Try to fill in the blank with the verb β€˜work’ in this tense.
938
3596080
3760
이 μ‹œμ œμ˜ 동사 'work'둜 λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μ›Œλ³΄μ„Έμš”.
60:01
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with β€˜had been’.
939
3601760
5200
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'had been'으둜 주제λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:08
So we say, β€˜They had been’.
940
3608000
2880
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” '그듀은 κ·Έλž¬λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:12
What happens to the verb?
941
3612000
1920
λ™μ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λ‚˜μš”?
60:13
Remember, we add β€˜-ing’.
942
3613920
2240
'-ing'을 μΆ”κ°€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
60:18
So the sentence is, β€˜They had been working for a long time before they went home.’
943
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6400
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¬Έμž₯은 '그듀은 집에 κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:26
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
944
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2560
이제 두 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:29
I want you to use the negative.
945
3629120
2000
λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 뢀정적인 것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:31
β€˜I __ TV for a year before I started again.’
946
3631920
4800
'λ‚˜λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° 전에 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ TVλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
60:37
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
947
3637840
4640
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 이 μ‹œμ œμ˜ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ€ μ£Όμ–΄λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘
60:42
and then β€˜had not been’.
948
3642480
2000
ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” 'had not been'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:47
Or I can use the contraction β€˜hadn't’.
949
3647200
2400
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 'hadn't'λΌλŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
60:50
β€˜I hadn't been’ And then again, verb β€˜-ing’.
950
3650240
5600
'I hadn't been' 그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ 동사 '-ing'.
60:57
β€˜I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’
951
3657200
5120
'λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ TVλ₯Ό 보지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
61:03
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
952
3663280
3520
이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν‹€λ¦° 뢀뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
61:09
β€˜Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’
953
3669440
5120
'μ§€λ‚˜μ™€ λ‚˜λŠ” μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 일도 ν•΄λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
61:15
What's the error?
954
3675520
880
였λ₯˜κ°€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
61:17
You'll notice that the verb does not have an β€˜-ing’.
955
3677440
6400
λ™μ‚¬μ—λŠ” '-ing'κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
61:24
To make the sentence correct, we must say, β€˜Gina and I hadn't been doing
956
3684880
5680
λ¬Έμž₯을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 'μ§€λ‚˜μ™€ λ‚˜λŠ”
61:30
any work before we started.’
957
3690560
2080
μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 일도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
61:33
Now, find the mistake here.
958
3693600
1760
자, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
61:36
β€˜He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
959
3696480
4960
'κ·ΈλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ’€ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 유튜브λ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.'
61:43
β€˜He had’, that's correct, but we need to change β€˜be’ to been’.
960
3703440
6240
'He had'λŠ” λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 'be'λ₯Ό been'으둜 λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
61:50
And β€˜watching’ is correct.
961
3710560
1600
그리고 'λ³Έλ‹€'κ°€ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
61:52
So, β€˜He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
962
3712160
5280
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ’€ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 유튜브λ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
61:58
Let's move on.
963
3718160
720
계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
61:59
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
964
3719760
4960
이제 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ κ²€μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
62:05
Take a look at the first example.
965
3725280
1840
첫 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
62:07
It says, β€˜The company __ employees because they worked hard.’
966
3727760
4640
'νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” __직원듀이 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—'라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
62:13
Use the verb β€˜promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.
967
3733200
4240
κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• 동사 'promote'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
62:18
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with β€˜had been’.
968
3738640
4480
μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'had been'을 λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
62:23
So we say, β€˜The company had been’ and then verb β€˜-ing’, so β€˜promoting’.
969
3743840
10000
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'The company had been'이라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  동사 '-ing'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 'promotioning'이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
62:35
β€˜The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’
970
3755120
4560
'νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 직원듀이 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 직원듀을 μŠΉμ§„μ‹œμΌœ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
62:40
The next example says, β€˜I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
971
3760480
6320
λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 이메일이 슀팸 ν΄λ”λ‘œ κ°”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν•œλ™μ•ˆ __ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
62:46
folder.’
972
3766800
1200
.'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
62:48
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb β€˜get’.
973
3768000
3600
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'get' 동사와 ν•¨κ»˜ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
62:53
Remember, in the negative form, we say β€˜had not been getting’
974
3773360
4880
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” ​​'had not been getting'
62:59
Or the contraction β€˜hadn't been getting’.
975
3779120
3920
λ˜λŠ” μˆ˜μΆ•ν˜• 'had't been getting'이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
63:05
β€˜I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’
976
3785680
5840
'λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 이메일이 슀팸 ν΄λ”λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν•œλ™μ•ˆ 이메일을 받지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
63:12
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
977
3792400
3440
이제 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
63:18
β€˜I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’
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'돈이 ν•„μš”ν•΄μ„œ 일을 많이 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
63:22
What's the mistake?
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무슨 μ‹€μˆ˜μ•Ό?
63:24
Remember, we need to add β€˜-ing’ to the verb.
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동사에 '-ing'을 μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
63:30
β€˜I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’
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'돈이 ν•„μš”ν•΄μ„œ 일을 많이 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
63:35
The last sentence says, β€˜He has been smoking because he was stressed.’
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” 'κ·ΈλŠ” 슀트레슀λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„μ„œ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”Όμ› λ‹€'κ³  λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
63:41
Can you find the mistake?
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μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
63:44
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
63:48
In this case, we need β€˜had’ after the subject, not β€˜has’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄ λ’€μ—λŠ” 'has'κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 'had'κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
63:54
Great job, everyone.
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정말 μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
63:55
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
63:56
Thank you so much for watching thisΒ  grammar course on the past tense.Β 
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κ³Όκ±°ν˜• 문법 κ°•μ’Œλ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ 정말 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
64:01
Now, if you haven’t had a chance to checkΒ  out my grammar course on the present tenseΒ Β 
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이제, ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œλ‚˜ 미래 μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 제 문법 κ°•μ’Œλ₯Ό 확인해 λ³Ό κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
64:05
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see youΒ Β 
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μ§€κΈˆ ν™•μΈν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦¬λ©° λ‹€μŒμ— 또
64:10
next time. Bye.
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λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ•ˆλ…•.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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