PAST TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

Hi, everybody. I’m Esther. 

大家好。我是埃丝特。

In this video, I will introduce the past tense. We’ll talk about the past simple, past continuous,  

在这个视频中，我将介绍过去时态。我们将讨论过去简单时、过去进行时、

past perfect, and past perfect continuous tense. There’s a lot to study,  

过去完成时和过去完成连续时。有很多东西需要学习，

and there’s a lot to practice. So let’s get started.

也有很多东西需要练习。那么让我们开始吧。

Hi, everyone.

大家好。

In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.

在这个视频中，我将介绍英语简单过去时。

This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.

这种语法时态可以帮助您解释过去的一般状态、动作或习惯。

There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.

有很多东西需要学习，而且这是一个非常重要的时态，所以请继续关注。

In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb

在本视频中，我将讨论

in the past simple tense.

过去简单时态中的“be”动词。

The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.

过去简单时态中的“be”动词可用于描述过去的一般状态。

We use the 'be' verbs, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in this tense.

我们在这种时态下使用“be”动词、“was”和“were”。

Take a look at the examples.

看一下示例。

‘I was scared.’

'我被吓到了。'

‘James', or he 'was a teacher.’

“詹姆斯”，或者他“是一名老师”。

‘She was sad.’

'她很伤心。'

‘My dog was hungry.’

“我的狗饿了。”

‘My dog’ can be ‘it’.

“我的狗”可以是“它”。

So for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, ‘was’.

因此，对于“我”、“他”、“她”、“它”，我们使用过去时态“be”动词“was”。

However, for ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.

然而，对于“你”、“我们”和“他们”，我们使用“were”。

‘You were a good student.’

“你是个好学生。”

‘Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and ‘We were at home for two hours.’

“你的父母，或者他们在公园里。”和“我们在家呆了两个小时。”

In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.

在最后一句中，您会看到强调了持续时间。

Great job.

做得好。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.

现在我来谈谈规则动词的过去简单时态。

Take a look at these examples.

看看这些例子。

‘Liam played a game.’

“利亚姆玩了一场游戏。”

Liam is a ‘he’,

Liam 是一个“he”，

but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.

但实际上这对于过去简单时态的常规动词来说并不重要。

Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add ‘d’ or ‘ed’

因为无论主语是什么，我们所要做的就是

to the end of the verb.

在动词末尾添加“d”或“ed”。

Here the verb is ‘play’, so I added ‘-ed’.

这里的动词是“play”，所以我加了“-ed”。

‘Liam played a game.’

“利亚姆玩了一场游戏。”

‘The car, or it needed gas.’

“汽车，或者它需要汽油。”

The verb here is ‘need’.

这里的动词是“需要”。

For the past simple tense, I added ‘-ed’.

对于过去简单时态，我添加了“-ed”。

‘We watched a movie.’

“我们看了电影。”

Again, an ‘ed’ at the of ‘watch’.

再次，“watch”后面有一个“ed”。

‘You exercised for an hour.’

“你锻炼了一个小时。”

In this case, the verb is ‘exercise’.

在这种情况下，动词是“练习”。

I only need to add a ‘d’ to make it the past tense.

我只需要添加一个“d”即可使其成为过去时。

And finally, ‘They usually worked after school.’

最后，“他们通常放学后工作。”

The verb is ‘work’.

动词是“工作”。

And I added an ‘ed’ to make it in the past tense.

我添加了一个“ed”以使其成为过去时。

The word ‘usually’ shows that this was a habit.

“通常”这个词表明这是一种习惯。

Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.

请记住，过去简单时态可以用来表示过去的习惯。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.

现在，我将讨论过去简单时态的不规则动词。

Remember, for regular verbs, we only add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to make a verb into the past tense.

请记住，对于常规动词，我们仅添加“d”或“ed”来使动词变为过去时。

However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.

然而，对于不规则动词，我们必须以不同的方式改变动词。

Let's take a look at some examples.

让我们看一些例子。

‘I ate with my friend.’

“我和朋友一起吃饭。”

The verb here is ‘ate’.

这里的动词是“吃”。

‘ate’ is the past simple tense of ‘eat’.

“ate”是“eat”的过去简单时态。

The next example says, ‘Nara wrote a story.’

下一个例子说，“奈良写了一个故事。”

The verb is ‘write’.

动词是“写”。

And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to ‘wrote’.

由于将其改为过去时态是不规则的，因此我们将动词改为“wrote”。

‘You often came home late.’

“你经常很晚回家。”

The verb here is ‘come’ and it's been changed to ‘came’.

这里的动词是“来”，现在改为“来了”。

You'll notice that we had the word ‘often’ to show a habit.

你会注意到我们用“经常”这个词来表示一种习惯。

‘We bought a camera.’

“我们买了一台相机。”

The verb here is ‘buy’ and it's been changed to ‘bought’ to show the past simple tense.

这里的动词是“buy”，已改为“bought”以表示过去简单时态。

And finally, ‘My parents sent me money for a year.’

最后，“我父母给我寄了一年的钱。”

Here the verb ‘sent’ is the past tense of ‘send’.

这里动词“sent”是“send”的过去式。

Here we also see ‘for a year’, this shows duration.

在这里我们还看到“一年”，这显示了持续时间。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.

现在我将讨论过去简单时态中“be”动词的否定形式。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

The first one says, ‘I was not hungry.’

第一个说：“我不饿。”

For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb

对于过去简单时态，否定动词“be”

I f the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, we say ‘was not’.

如果主语是“我”、“他”、“她”或“它”，我们说“不是”。

For example, ‘I was not’ or ‘she was not’ or the contraction ‘wasn't’.

例如，“我不是”或“她不是”或缩写“不是”。

‘I wasn't’.

“我不是”。

‘She wasn't’.

“她不是”。

So let's look again, ‘I was not hungry.’

让我们再看一遍，“我不饿。”

‘She wasn't home today.’

“她今天不在家。”

Now, if the subject is ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’,

现在，如果主语是“你”、“我们”或“他们”，

We say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.

我们说“were not”或缩写“weren't”。

‘The children, or they were not quiet.’

“孩子们，或者他们并不安静。”

‘The children were not quiet.’

“孩子们并不安静。”

And then, ‘The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’

然后是“那只狗”，或者它不是，或者“不好玩”。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,

现在，我们来谈谈如何构成非“be”动词的过去简单时态否定形式，

regular or irregular.

规则或不规则。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

‘I did not like him.’

“我不喜欢他。”

What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put ‘did not’ after the subject.

我们对非“be”动词所做的只是在主语后面加上“did not”。

And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.

您会注意到，对于动词，我们没有做任何更改。

We keep the base verb.

我们保留基本动词。

‘He didn't catch the ball.’

“他没有接住球。”

Again, it's ‘he did not’, but here we used a contraction,

再说一次，这是“他没有”，但这里我们使用了缩写，

‘He didn't catch the ball.’

“他没有接住球。”

‘They didn't dance.’

“他们没有跳舞。”

Again, here's the contraction for ‘did not’.

再说一次，这里是“没有”的缩写。

And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.

您会注意到，对于动词，我们根本没有改变它。

Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.

这是一个不规则动词，这是一个规则动词，我们将它们保留为基本形式。

And finally, ‘We didn't think about that.’

最后，“我们没有考虑到这一点。”

Again, we simply say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’.

同样，我们只是说“没有”或“没有”。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.

现在我将介绍两种过去简单时态疑问句的构成方法。

Take a look at the first example.

看一下第一个例子。

‘He was angry.’

'他生气了。'

In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb ‘was’.

在第一句话中，我们看到“be”动词“was”。

It's quite easy.

这很容易。

All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.

要把它变成一个问题，你所要做的就是调换前两个单词的顺序。

‘Was he angry?’

“他生气了吗？”

You can answer by saying ‘Yes, he was.’ or ‘No, he wasn't.’

你可以这样回答：“是的，他是。”或“不，他不是。”

The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.

下一个句子也有一个“be”动词。

‘They were comfortable.’

“他们很舒服。”

So again, switch the first two words.

再次，交换前两个词。

‘Were they comfortable?’

“他们舒服吗？”

The answers can be, ‘Yes, they were.’

答案可能是，“是的，他们是。”

or ‘No, they weren't.’

或“不，他们不是。”

However, look at the third sentence.

不过，请看第三句话。

‘Sam lived here.’

“萨姆住在这里。”

There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.

这句话中没有“be”动词。

Instead, we see the action verb ‘lived’.

相反，我们看到动作动词“lived”。

So what we do is no matter what the subject,

所以我们所做的就是无论主题是什么，

we start the question with ‘did’.

我们都以“did”开始问题。

‘Did Sam live here?’

“萨姆住在这里吗？”

You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.

您会注意到该动词不再是过去时态。

We use the base form of the verb.

我们使用动词的基本形式。

‘Did Sam live here?’

“萨姆住在这里吗？”

You can say ‘Yes, he did.’

你可以说“是的，他做到了。”

or ‘No, he didn't.’

或“不，他没有。”

The last sentence is similar.

最后一句也类似。

‘They won the contest last year.’

“他们去年赢得了比赛。”

The verb here is ‘won’, that's not a 'be' verb.

这里的动词是“won”，而不是“be”动词。

So again, we start the question with ‘did’ .

所以，我们再次以“did”开始这个问题。

And then the subject ‘they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's ‘win’.

然后是主语“他们”，我们使用动词的基本形式，那就是“赢”。

‘Did they win the contest last year?’

“他们去年赢得了比赛吗？”

You can say, ‘Yes, they did.’

你可以说：“是的，他们做到了。”

or ‘No, they didn't.’

或“不，他们没有。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.

现在我将介绍如何用过去简单时态回答 WH 问题。

Take a look at the board.

看看黑板。

We have some WH words here.

我们这里有一些 WH 词。

‘What’ ‘When’

“什么”“何时”

‘Where’ and ‘Why’

“哪里”和“为什么”

You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word ‘did’.

您会注意到每个 WH 单词后面都有“did”一词。

‘What did’ ‘When did’

“做了什么”“什么时候做了”

‘Where did’ and ‘Why did’.

“在哪里做了”和“为什么做了”。

What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.

接下来是主语，然后是动词的基本形式。

So, let's take a look.

那么，让我们来看看。

‘What did you do last night?’

'你昨天晚上做了什么？'

‘What did you do last night?’

'你昨天晚上做了什么？'

I can answer by saying something like, ‘I watched a movie.’

我可以这样回答：“我看了电影。”

Or ‘I read a book.’

或者“我读了一本书”。

You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.

您会注意到答案是过去简单时态。

‘When did you get home last night?’

“你昨晚什么时候回家的？”

‘I got home at 10 p.m.’

“我晚上 10 点到家”

‘Where did they eat lunch?’

“他们在哪里吃午餐？”

‘They ate lunch at home.’

“他们在家吃午饭。”

Again, ‘ate’ is the past tense of ‘eat’.

同样，“ate”是“eat”的过去式。

Answer in the past simple tense.

用过去简单时态回答。

And finally, ‘Why did the company hire him?’

最后，“公司为什么雇用他？”

‘The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’

“公司雇用他是因为他工作勤奋。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

In this first checkup, we'll take a look at

在第一次检查中，我们将看一下

practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.

使用过去简单时态“be”动词的练习题。

Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are ‘was’ or ‘were’.

请记住过去简单时态中的“be”动词是“was”或“were”。

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

我们看一下第一句话。

‘He __ at work earlier.’

“他__早些时候上班了。”

The subject here is ‘we’.

这里的主语是“我们”。

So do we use ‘was’ or ‘were’?

那么我们用“was”还是“were”呢？

The correct answer is ‘was’.

正确答案是“曾经”。

‘He was at work earlier.’

“他早些时候在工作。”

The next sentence says,

下一句话是：

‘We _____ very happy yesterday.’

“我们昨天很高兴。”

If the subject is ‘we’, remember the be verb is ‘were’.

如果主语是“we”，请记住 be 动词是“were”。

‘We were very happy yesterday.’

“昨天我们很高兴。”

Next, ‘My parents or they __ worried about me.’

接下来，“我的父母或者他们__担心我。”

If it's 'they', remember we have to say ‘were’.

如果是“他们”，请记住我们必须说“是”。

‘My parents were worried about me.’

“我的父母很担心我。”

If I want to use the negative, I can also say ‘My parents weren't worried about me.’

如果我想用否定的话，我也可以说“我的父母并不担心我”。

And that's possible.

这是可能的。

Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在我想让你找出下一句话中的错误。

‘We wasn't good students.’

“我们不是好学生。”

We wasn't good students.

我们本来就不是好学生

Can you figure out what's wrong?

你能找出问题所在吗？

The subject here is ‘we’, so we don't say ‘was not’.

这里的主语是“我们”，所以我们不说“不是”。

We need to say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.

我们需要说“were not”或缩写“were not”。

‘We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer.

“我们不是好学生”，这是正确的答案。

The next one says, ‘Were she a teacher?’

下一个说：“她是老师吗？”

Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.

现在，这是一个问题，所以 be 动词出现在开头。

That's correct, but the subject here is ‘she’.

没错，但这里的主语是“她”。

Therefore, we need to start with ‘was’.

因此，我们需要从“是”开始。

‘Was she a teacher?’

“她是老师吗？”

And finally,

最后，

‘They wasn't at school.’

“他们没在学校。”

The subject is ‘they’, so the answer is

主语是“他们”，所以答案是

‘They weren't at school.’

“他们不在学校。”

You can use the contraction ‘weren't’ or ‘were not’.

您可以使用缩写“weren't”或“were not”。

Let's move on to the next checkup.

让我们继续进行下一次检查。

Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.

现在，让我们练习过去简单时态的规则动词。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

‘He ____ at home.’

“他在家里____。”

The verb is ‘study’.

动词是“学习”。

Remember, when changing a regular verb into

请记住，将常规动词更改为

the past tense, we add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the

过去时时，我们在动词末尾添加“d”或“ed”

verb.

。

However, there's a separate rule for words that end in ‘y’.

但是，对于以“y”结尾的单词有单独的规则。

Such as, ‘study’.

比如“学习”。

We drop the ‘y’ and we add ‘ied’.

我们删除“y”并添加“ied”。

So the correct answer is,

所以正确的答案是

‘He studied at home.’

“他在家学习”。

The next sentence says, ‘We __ pencils.’

下一句话是：“我们__铅笔。”

We want to use negative because it says ‘not use’.

我们想使用否定，因为它表示“不使用”。

Remember for the negative, we always use ‘did not’, no matter what the subject.

请记住，对于否定，无论主语是什么，我们总是使用“没有”。

You can also use the contraction ‘didn't’.

您还可以使用缩写“did not”。

Now, what do we do to the verb?

现在，我们对动词做什么？

We keep it as ‘is’.

我们保持原样。

We do not change it.

我们不改变它。

‘We didn't’ or ‘We did not’ use pencils.

“我们没有”或“我们没有”使用铅笔。

The next sentence says, ‘His friends or they walk to the gym.’

下一句话是：“他的朋友或者他们步行去健身房。”

What's the past tense of ‘walk’?

“walk”的过去式是什么？

We simply have to add ‘ed’ because it's a regular verb.

我们只需添加“ed”，因为它是一个常规动词。

‘His friends walked to the gym.’

“他的朋友们步行去健身房。”

Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.

现在，找出下一句中的错误。

‘She didn't likes math.’

“她不喜欢数学。”

‘didn't’ is correct.

“没有”是正确的。

However, remember we keep the verb as ‘is’ in the base form.

但是，请记住我们将动词的基本形式保留为“is”。

So we don't say ‘likes’.

所以我们不说“喜欢”。

We say ‘like’.

我们说‘喜欢’。

‘She didn't like math.’

“她不喜欢数学。”

The next sentence says, ‘Did it rained this morning?’

下一句话是：“今天早上下雨了吗？”

Now this is a question.

现在这是一个问题。

In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with ‘Did’.

在疑问句中，以“Did”开头是正确的。

‘Did it rained?’

“下雨了吗？”

Do you notice the mistake?

你注意到这个错误了吗？

Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.

请记住，我们在问题中不使用过去时形式。

We use the base form of the verb.

我们使用动词的基本形式。

‘Did it rain this morning?’

“今天早上下雨了吗？”

And finally, ‘They not play the piano.’

最后，“他们不弹钢琴。”

The verb is an action verb.

该动词是动作动词。

So we need a ‘did’ in front of ‘not’.

所以我们需要在“not”前面加上“did”。

‘They did not play the piano.’

“他们没有弹钢琴。”

Let's move on to the next checkup.

让我们继续进行下一次检查。

Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.

现在，我将讨论过去简单时态的不规则动词。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

‘He __ to school.’

“他__去学校了。”

And the verb is ‘run’.

动词是“跑”。

‘run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is ‘ran’.

“run”是一个不规则动词，所以过去时形式是“ran”。

‘He ran to school.’

“他跑到学校了。”

The next sentence says, ‘We __ flowers.’

下一句话是：“我们__花。”

We want to use the negative because here it says ‘not grow’.

我们想使用否定，因为这里说的是“不增长”。

Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,

请记住，无论主语是否定形式，

we say ‘did not’

我们都会说“did not”

or ‘didn't’.

或“didn't”。

Then we keep the verb in its base form.

然后我们保持动词的基本形式。

‘We did not grow’ or ‘We didn't grow flowers.’

“我们没有种植”或“我们没有种花”。

The next sentence says, ‘Where __ you teach last year?’

下一句话是：“去年你在哪里任教？”

This is a question.

这是一个问题。

Again, all we need to put is ‘did’.

再次强调，我们只需输入“did”即可。

‘Where did you teach last year?’

“去年你在哪里教书？”

It doesn't matter what the subject is.

主题是什么并不重要。

We always go with ‘did’.

我们总是用“did”。

Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

接下来，尝试找出下一句中的错误。

‘He didn't sold newspapers.’

“他不卖报纸。”

Remember, in the negative, ‘didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is.

请记住，从否定的角度来看，“没有”对于任何主题都是正确的。

However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.

然而，我们需要保持动词的基本形式。

So the correct answer is, ‘He didn't sell newspapers.’

所以正确的答案是“他不卖报纸”。

The next sentence says, ‘Did she sing a song?’

下一句话是：“她唱了一首歌吗？”

You'll notice it's a similar problem here.

您会注意到这里有一个类似的问题。

‘sang’ is the irregular past tense form of ‘sing’.

“sang”是“sing”的不规则过去时形式。

But in a question, if it starts with ‘did’,

但在问题中，如果它以“did”开头，

we use the base form.

我们使用基本形式。

‘Did she sing a song?’

“她唱过歌吗？”

And finally, ‘We taked it home.’

最后，“我们把它带回家了。”

Does that sound right?

听起来对吗？

‘taked’ is not correct.

“采取”是不正确的。

The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’.

“take”的过去式是“take”。

‘We took it home.’

“我们把它带回家了。”

Great job, everyone.

干得好，大家。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Wow, we learned a lot in this video.

哇，我们在这个视频中学到了很多东西。

Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.

继续学习和复习过去简单时态。

It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.

这是一种基本时态，可以帮助您谈论过去。

Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.

继续学习英语，我们将在下一个视频中见到你。

Bye. 

再见。

Hi, everybody.

大家好。

I'm Esther.

我是埃丝特。

In this video.

在这个视频中。

I will introduce the past continuous tense.

我将介绍过去进行时。

This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.

这个时态可以用来描述过去正在进行的动作。

It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.

它也可以用来描述过去同时发生的两个动作。

There's a lot to learn so let's get started.

有很多东西需要学习，所以让我们开始吧。

Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.

我们来看看过去进行时的第一种用法。

This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.

这个时态可以用来描述过去正在进行的动作。

Let's take a look at these examples.

让我们看一下这些例子。

‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’

“晚上我在公园散步。”

So first we start with the subject, ‘I’.

首先我们从主语“我”开始。

For I, he, she, and it, we follow with ‘was’.

对于我、他、她和它，我们后面跟“was”。

‘I was’

'I was'

And then we add an ‘ING’ to the end of the verb.

然后我们在动词末尾添加一个 'ING'。

‘I was walking’

“我在走路”

Now take a look at the whole sentence.

现在看一下整个句子。

‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’

“晚上我在公园散步。”

You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.

您可以看到这是一个正在进行的动作，并且它发生在过去。

Let's look at the next example.

让我们看下一个例子。

‘She was living here last year.’

“她去年就住在这里。”

Here, the subject is ‘she’.

这里的主语是“她”。

So again we use ‘was’ and then ‘verb-ing’.

所以我们再次使用“was”，然后使用“verb-ing”。

Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.

这里我们有另一个表达，表明这个动作是在过去发生的。

‘The dog,’ or ‘it’, ‘was eating dinner five minutes ago.’

“那只狗”或“它”“五分钟前正在吃晚饭。”

The subject here is ‘the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’.

这里的主语是“狗”，可以用代词“it”代替。

And so we follow with ‘was’.

所以我们后面跟“was”。

And finally, ‘Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with ‘they’.

最后，“安迪和吉姆”，我们可以用“他们”代替。

For ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.

对于“你”、“我们”和“他们”，我们使用“were”。

‘They were’, or ‘Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’

“他们是”，或者“安迪和吉姆在晚上 9:00 工作”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing

过去进行时也用于描述

action in the past that was interrupted by another action.

过去正在进行的动作被另一个动作打断。

This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word ‘when’.

这种打断动作用在过去简单时态中，与“当”一词一起使用。

Let's take a look at this example.

让我们看一下这个例子。

‘I was playing cards when you called.’

“你打电话的时候我正在打牌。”

Again we start with the subject ‘was’ or ‘were’,

我们再次从主语“was”或“were”开始，

and then ‘verb-ing’,

然后是“动词ing”，

so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,

所以这是过去正在进行的动作，

‘I was playing cards’

“我正在打牌”

The interrupting action in this sentence is ‘you called’.

这句话中的打断动作是“你叫了” '。

You'll notice I use the word ‘when’ to show the interrupting action’

你会注意到我使用了“何时”这个词来表示打断动作“

And I used it in the past simple tense, ‘called’.

并且我用了它的过去简单时态“被叫”。

Let's take a look at the next sentence.

我们再看下一句话。

‘The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.’

当埃里克回家时，“猫”或“它”正在吃东西。

Again the action in progress is ‘the cat was eating’.

再次进行中的动作是“猫正在吃东西”。

And ‘Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense.

而“埃里克回家了”，你会注意到过去简单时态。

This is the interrupting action used with the word ‘when’.

这是与“当”一词一起使用的打断动作。

‘We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’

“安妮到达时我们正在睡觉。”

Again we have the ongoing action in the past.

我们再次看到过去正在进行的行动。

The subject here is ‘we’.

这里的主语是“我们”。

And so we used ‘were’ and then ‘verb-ing’.

所以我们使用“were”，然后使用“verb-ing”。

‘When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action.

“当安妮到达时”是打断动作。

And finally, ‘Alicia and I’, or ‘We' were walking when we saw Mark.’

最后，“艾丽西亚和我”，或者“我们”在散步时看到了马克。

‘When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing ‘Alicia

“当我们看到马克时”是一个打断动作，打断了正在进行的“艾丽西亚

and I were walking’.

和我正在散步”。

It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and

同样重要的是要注意，我们也可以交换句子的顺序，

say,

说

‘When you called, I was playing cards,’

“当你打电话时，我正在打牌”

or ‘When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’

或“当埃里克回家时，猫正在吃东西”。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were

过去进行时的另一个用法是谈论

happening at the same time in the past.

过去同时发生的两个动作。

We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word ‘while’.

我们对带有“while”一词的两个动作都使用过去进行时。

Let's take a look at some examples.

让我们看一些例子。

The first sentence says, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching

第一句话是：“当我踢足球时，她在看着

me.’

我。”

You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.

您会注意到这两个动作都是过去进行时。

‘I was playing soccer’ and ‘She was watching me’.

“我正在踢足球”和“她在看着我”。

The word ‘while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.

开头的“while”一词表明这些动作是同时发生的。

‘While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’

“你读书的时候，我正在准备晚餐。”

Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.

同样，这两个动作都用过去进行时来表达。

The word ‘while’ shows that they were happening at the same time.

“同时”这个词表明它们是同时发生的。

‘While Her husband’ or ‘he’, ‘was driving

“当她的丈夫”或“他”开车时，

she was taking pictures.’

她正在拍照。

Both actions are in the past continuous tense.

这两个动作都是过去进行时。

And finally,

最后，

‘While we were eating, the music was playing.’

“我们吃饭的时候，音乐响起了。”

Both actions were happening at the same time.

这两个动作是同时发生的。

Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word ‘while’ comes at the beginning,

现在，您会注意到，在我的示例中，“while”一词出现在开头，

however, it's important to note that you can move the word ‘while’ around in several

但是，请务必注意，您可以通过多种方式移动“while”一词

ways.

。

For example, instead of saying this,

例如，不要这样说：

‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’

“当我踢足球时，她在看着我。”

I can move ‘while’ to the middle of the sentence.

我可以将“while”移到句子的中间。

‘I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’

“我正在踢足球，而她在看着我。”

I can put the ‘while’ between the two actions.

我可以在两个动作之间添加“while”。

Or I can also change the sentence around and say,

或者我也可以改变句子，说：

‘While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’

“当她看着我时，我正在踢足球。”

So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the ‘while’ if you put it in the

因此，如果您将“while”放在开头，那么哪个操作先出现并不重要

beginning.

。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.

现在我们来谈谈过去进行时的否定形式。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

‘She was not reading last night.’

“她昨晚没有读书。”

The subject is ‘she’ and so we use ‘was’.

主语是“她”，所以我们使用“是”。

However, before the ‘verb-ing’, we add ‘not’.

然而，在“动词ing”之前，我们添加“not”。

‘She was not reading last night.’

“她昨晚没有读书。”

I can use a contraction and say,

我可以用缩写形式说：

‘She wasn't reading last night.’

“她昨晚没有读书。”

‘We were not listening to music this morning.’

“今天早上我们没有听音乐。”

In this case, the subject is ‘we’ and so we use ‘were’.

在这种情况下，主语是“we”，因此我们使用“were”。

Again ‘not’ comes before the ‘verb-ing’.

同样，“not”出现在“verb-ing”之前。

‘We were not listening to music this morning.’

“今天早上我们没有听音乐。”

Again I can use a contraction and say,

我可以再次使用缩写形式说：

‘We weren't listening to music this morning.’

“我们今天早上没有听音乐。”

And the next one says, ‘He wasn't watching TV when his dad came

下一个说：“他爸爸回家时他没有看电视

home.’

。”

In this example, the contraction is already there for you,

在这个例子中，缩写已经存在，

‘He wasn't watching TV’.

“他没有看电视”。

You'll notice the word ‘when’.

你会注意到“当”这个词。

Remember ‘when’ + ‘a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action,

请记住“当”+“过去简单时态动词”表示打断动作，

so, ‘When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’

因此，“当他爸爸回家时，他没有看电视。”

He was doing something else.

他正在做别的事。

And finally,

最后，

‘They weren't talking while the game was playing.’

“比赛进行时他们没有说话。”

The word ‘while’ is in this sentence.

这句话中有“while”这个词。

Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,

请记住，这显示了同时发生的 2 个过去正在进行的动作，

so ‘While the game was playing they weren't talking’.

因此“当游戏进行时，他们没有说话”。

They were doing something else.

他们正在做别的事情。

Let's move on now.

现在让我们继续吧。

Let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense.

我们来谈谈如何构成过去进行时的“be”动词疑问句。

Take a look at the first statement.

看一下第一个声明。

It says,

它说：

‘It was raining this morning.’

“今天早上下雨了。”

In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,

为了把它变成一个问题，很简单，

all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.

我们所要做的就是改变前两个单词的顺序。

Instead of ‘It was’, I now say ‘Was it’ to make it a question.

我现在不再说“曾经是”，而是说“曾经是”，以使其成为一个疑问句。

You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.

您会注意到其余的单词保留在同一个位置。

‘Was it raining this morning?’

“今天早上下雨了吗？”

You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, it was.’ or ‘No, it wasn't.’

你可以这样回答：“是的，是的。”或“不，不是。”

The next statement says,

下一份声明说：

‘They were living there when the fire happened.’

“火灾发生时他们就住在那里。”

To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.

为了把这个问题变成一个大问题，我们再次交换了前两个单词的顺序。

Instead of ‘They were’, we say ‘Were they’.

我们不说“他们是”，而是说“他们是”。

And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.

同样，其余的单词可以保留在同一个地方。

‘Were they living there when the fire happened?’

“火灾发生时他们住在那里吗？”

And you can answer by saying,

你可以回答说：

‘Yes, they were’ or ‘No, they weren't.’

“是的，他们是”或“不，他们不是”。

Let's continue on.

我们继续吧。

Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.

现在我将介绍如何针对过去进行时提出 WH 问题。

You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.

您会注意到这里的示例都以一些 WH 单词开头。

For example, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ‘who’.

例如，“什么”、“哪里”、“为什么”和“谁”。

Let's take a look at the first question.

我们先来看第一个问题。

‘What were they doing last night?”

“他们昨晚在做什么？”

The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.

这句话的主语是“他们”。

So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper ‘be’ verb.

所以你要做的就是在 WH 单词后面加上正确的“be”动词。

In this case, ‘were’.

在这种情况下，“是”。

‘What were they doing last night?’

“他们昨晚在做什么？”

You'll notice that after the subject comes the ‘verb-ing’.

您会注意到主语后面是“动词-ing”。

‘What were they doing last night?’

“他们昨晚在做什么？”

I can answer by saying, ‘They were playing games’ or

我可以回答说，“他们在玩游戏”或

‘They were reading a book’.

“他们在读书”。

The next question says,

下一个问题是：

‘Where was he working last week?’

“他上周在哪里工作？”

In this case the subject is ‘he’ and so the be verb to use is ‘was’.

在这种情况下，主语是“he”，因此使用的 be 动词是“was”。

‘Where was he working last week?’

“他上周在哪里工作？”

I can say, ‘He was working in Canada.’

我可以说，“他在加拿大工作。”

‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’

“当她读完这本书时，为什么她哭了？”

In this case, the subject is ‘she’ and so I put ‘was’ after ‘why’.

在这种情况下，主语是“她”，所以我把“是”放在“为什么”之后。

‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’

“当她读完这本书时，为什么她哭了？”

I can say, ‘She was crying because the ending was sad.’

我可以说，“她哭是因为结局很悲伤。”

And finally,

最后，

‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’

“妈妈工作时，孩子们和谁住在一起？”

In this case, ‘the children’ is a ‘they’

在这种情况下，“孩子们”是“他们”

so we follow 'who' with ‘were’.

，所以我们在“谁”后面跟“是”。

‘Who were they’ or

“他们是谁”或

‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’

“孩子们在妈妈工作时和谁住在一起？”

To answer, I can say, ‘The children’ or

为了回答，我可以说“孩子们”或

‘They were staying with their dad.’

“他们和爸爸住在一起。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.

在本节中，我们来检查一下过去进行时。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

‘Last night they were blank at school.’

“昨晚他们在学校一片空白。”

I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb ‘stay’.

我希望你尝试用动词“stay”的否定形式来填空。

‘not stay’

“不留下”

What do you think it is?

你认为是什么？

Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,

请记住，对于过去进行时的否定形式，

all you have to do is put ‘not’ and then ‘verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb.

您所要做的就是在“be”动词后面加上“not”，然后加上“verb-ing”。

‘They were not staying at school last.’

“他们最后没有留在学校。”

‘Last night, they were not staying at school.’

“昨晚，他们没有留在学校。”

The next sentence says,

下一句话是：

‘Two days ago you blank soccer.’

“两天前你还没有踢足球。”

Again try the negative for the verb ‘play’.

再次尝试动词“play”的否定形式。

‘Two days ago blank not play soccer.’

“两天前空白没有踢足球。”

In this case, the first thing that's missing is the ‘be’ verb.

在这种情况下，首先缺少的是“be”动词。

If the subject is ‘you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?

如果主语是“you”，你能想到那里需要放哪个be动词吗？

The correct answer is ‘were’.

正确答案是“是”。

And then, we say ‘not’.

然后，我们说“不”。

What happens after that?

之后会发生什么？

Remember, ‘verb-ing’.

记住，“动词ing”。

So ‘you were not playing’

所以“你没有踢球”

‘two days ago, you were not playing soccer’

“两天前，你没有踢足球”

You can also use a contraction and say,

你也可以使用缩写形式说

‘You weren't playing soccer.’

“你没有踢足球”。

Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在尝试找出下一句话中的错误。

‘Yesterday, she were reading at home.’

“昨天，她正在家里读书。”

hmmm

嗯，

The subject of this sentence is ‘she’ so the ‘be’ verb to use is not ‘were’.

这句话的主语是“她”，所以使用的“be”动词不是“were”。

It's 'was'.

是‘曾经’。

‘Yesterday, she was reading at home.’

“昨天，她正在家里读书。”

In the next sentence it says, ‘Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’

在下一句话中，它说：“明天，他们要见他们的朋友。”

hmmm

嗯

‘They’ and ‘were’

“他们”和“是”

That's correct.

这是正确的。

And we have the ‘verb-ing’

我们有“动词-ing”

So what's the mistake?

那么错误是什么？

Remember the past continuous is for the past.

请记住过去进行时是针对过去的。

‘Tomorrow’ is not the past.

“明天”不是过去。

So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.

因此，我们需要放一个表示过去的词。

For example, I can say, ‘yesterday’.

例如，我可以说“昨天”。

‘Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’

“昨天，他们去见朋友了。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now, let's start a checkup of the ‘when’ usage

现在，让我们开始检查

of the past continuous tense.

过去进行时的“when”用法。

Take a look at the first example.

看一下第一个例子。

It says, ‘Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’

上面写着，“安德里亚和约翰在受伤时一片空白。”

Remember ‘when’ shows an interrupting action.

请记住“何时”表示中断动作。

It needs to be used with the past simple tense.

它需要与过去简单时态一起使用。

So let's first look at the second blank.

那么我们首先看第二个空白。

‘When they blank hurt’

“当他们空白伤害时”

What's the past tense of the verb ‘get’?

动词“get”的过去式是什么？

The answer is ‘got’.

答案是“得到”。

Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.

现在让我们看一下过去正在进行的操作。

‘Andrea and John’ or ‘they’

“Andrea 和 John”或“they” 那么

Well what comes after ‘they’?

“they”后面接什么？

‘were’.

'是'。

‘Andrea and John were’

“Andrea 和 John were”

Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.

然后记住我们需要在动词后添加 -ing。

‘They were skiing’ or ‘Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’.

“他们正在滑雪”或“安德里亚和约翰受伤时正在滑雪”。

The next example says, ‘It blank not raining when the game blank’.

下一个例子说，“当游戏空白时，它空白而不下雨”。

And I want you to use the verb ‘start’ for the second blank.

我希望你在第二个空白处使用动词“开始”。

Take a look ‘when the game blank’ what's the past tense of ‘start’?

看看“当游戏空白时”“开始”的过去式是什么？

‘started’

'started'

Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.

现在让我们看一下这句话的第一部分。

The subject is ‘it’.

主语是“它”。

So what ‘be’ verb do we use for 'it'?

那么我们用什么动词“be”来代替“it”呢？

‘was’

“是”

‘It was not raining when the game started.’

“比赛开始时没有下雨。”

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在找出下一句中的错误。

‘I wasn't study at the library yesterday’.

“我昨天没有在图书馆学习”。

The subject here is ‘I’ and so the ‘be’ verb ‘was’ is correct.

这里的主语是“我”，所以“be”动词“was”是正确的。

Here there's a contraction, ‘I wasn't’ for ‘I was not’.

这里有一个缩写，“我不是”，意思是“我不是”。

Now the problem is with the verb.

现在问题出在动词上。

Remember we need to put ‘–ing’ at the end of the verb.

请记住，我们需要在动词末尾添加“-ing”。

‘I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’

“我昨天没有在图书馆学习。”

And finally, ‘We did meet our friends last weekend.’

最后，“我们上周末确实见到了我们的朋友。”

That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.

听起来不错，但请记住我们正在使用过去进行时。

Take a look again.

再看一下。

The subject is ‘we’.

主语是“我们”。

We need a ‘be’ verb.

我们需要一个“be”动词。

‘were’

‘是’

Then what happens?

然后会发生什么？

Remember, we need to add an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,

请记住，我们需要在动词末尾添加“-ing”，

so we take out ‘did’ and say, ‘We were meeting our friends last weekend.’

因此我们去掉“did”并说“我们上周末与朋友见面了。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the ‘while’ usage of the past continuous tense.

现在，为了这次检查，我们将看看过去进行时的“while”用法。

Take a look at the first example.

看一下第一个例子。

‘While I blank someone blank my bike.’

“当我清空时，有人清空了我的自行车。”

When we use ‘while’ in the past continuous tense,

当我们在过去进行时中使用“while”时，

we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past

我们表明两个动作在过去同时发生

or they were happening at the same time in the past.

，或者它们在过去同时发生。

So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.

所以我们需要对这两个动作都使用过去进行时。

‘While I blank’

“当我空白时”

I want you to use ‘shop’ in the first blank.

我希望你在第一个空白处使用“商店”。

Remember, the subject here is ‘I’ so I need to use the ‘be’ verb ‘was’.

请记住，这里的主语是“我”，所以我需要使用“be”动词“was”。

Then ‘verb-ing’.

然后是“动词ing”。

‘While I was shopping’

“当我购物时”

Now ‘someone’ can be a ‘he’ or ‘she’.

现在“某人”可以是“他”或“她”。

Therefore, again we need to use ‘was’

因此，我们再次需要使用“was”

and then the ‘verb-ing’ of ‘steal’.

，然后使用“steal”的“动词ing”。

‘While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.’

“当我购物时，有人偷了我的自行车。”

The next sentence says,

下一句话说，

‘While he blank’

“当他空白时”

I want you to use the verb ‘cook’.

我希望你使用动词“做饭”。

The subject is ‘he’ and so I need to use ‘was cooking’.

主语是“他”，所以我需要使用“正在做饭”。

‘While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’

“当他做饭时，他的女朋友正在打扫卫生。”

Did you get that?

你明白了吗？

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

尝试找出下一句中的错误。

‘Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’

“我们下飞机时，简正在找我们。”

The first part of the sentence is correct.

这句话的第一部分是正确的。

‘Jane was looking’

“简在看”

Now the second part of the sentence.

现在是句子的第二部分。

Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.

请注意，它不是过去进行时。

‘While we get off the plane’

“当我们下飞机时”

So what we need to do is say, ‘were getting’.

所以我们需要做的是说“我们正在得到”。

‘Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’

“我们下飞机时，简正在找我们。”

The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’

下一个句子是“我在看电视，而我的妻子正在睡觉”。

Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.

这部分句子再次没有使用过去进行时。

My wife is a ‘she’ and so I need to say ‘was sleeping’.

我的妻子是一个“她”，所以我需要说“正在睡觉”。

‘I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’

“我妻子睡觉时我正在看电视。”

Great job, everyone.

干得好，大家。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Good job, everybody in learning the past  

干得好，大家都在学习过去进行时

continuous tense.

。

This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.

这种时态可能有点困难，也有点棘手。

Especially when it comes to the ‘when’ and ‘while’ usage.

尤其是当涉及到“何时”和“同时”的用法时。

It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.

需要一些练习才能真正掌握它，但我知道你可以做到。

Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. 

继续学习英语，我们将在下一个视频中见到你。

Hi, everybody.

大家好。

I'm Esther.

我是埃丝特。

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.

在这个视频中，我将介绍过去完成时。

This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.

该时态用于描述过去特定时间发生的动作。

This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.

这种时态可能有点棘手，但别担心，我会指导您完成它。

There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.

有很多东西需要学习，而且这是一个非常重要的时态。

So keep watching.

所以继续观察吧。

Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.

我们来看看过去完成时的第一个用法。

This tense can be used to describe an action in the past

这个时态可以用来描述过去

that happened before another action in the past.

发生在另一个过去动作之前的动作。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

‘I have visited China before I moved there.’

“在搬到中国之前，我曾访问过中国。”

No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,

无论你用“had”跟随什么主语，

So that's easy.

这都很容易。

‘I had’ ‘Steve had’

“我有”“史蒂夫有”

‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.

“飞机有”和“我们有”。

Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.

然后，我们跟上动词的过去分词。

In this case, it's ‘visited’.

在本例中，它被“访问”。

‘I had visited China.’

“我访问过中国。”

Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.

现在您会注意到第二个动词是过去简单时态。

‘I moved there.’

“我搬到那里了。”

And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.

稍后我会详细讨论这一点。

‘Steve had bought the book.’

“史蒂夫买了这本书。”

Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.

再次强调“主语”、“有”和“过去分词”。

In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.

在这种情况下，动词是“购买”。

‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’

“史蒂夫在读这本书之前就买了这本书。”

Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.

同样，我们有“读”的简单时态，即“读”。

And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’

最后，“当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。”

Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.

同样，这句话的第一部分是过去完成时。

‘The plane had left’.

“飞机已经起飞了”。

This is the past participle of ‘leave’.

这是“离开”的过去分词。

The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’

第二个动词说：“我到了机场。”

‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.

'got' 是 'get' 的过去式。

Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.

这三个句子的共同点是你会看到“之前”。

‘before’ or ‘by the time’.

“之前”或“那时”。

They all mean the same thing.

它们的意思都是一样的。

The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.

过去完成时的动词首先发生。

The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.

过去简单时态的动词发生在后面。

So again, for the first example.

再次，对于第一个例子。

‘before I move there’ That happened later.

“在我搬到那里之前”那是后来发生的事情。

Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’

在此之前，“我已经访问过中国”。

Do you understand how that works?

你明白这是如何运作的吗？

Let's take a look at the last example.

让我们看一下最后一个例子。

‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’

“当他们到达时，我们已经开始比赛了。”

So maybe they were late or something had happened.

所以也许他们迟到了或者发生了什么事。

But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.

但“当他们到达时”，这是过去简单时态。

So this happened second.

所以这又发生了。

‘We had already started the game.’

“我们已经开始比赛了。”

This action had already started.

这个行动已经开始了。

It started before this action.

事情发生在这个行动之前。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action

前面我提到过过去完成时可以用来描述

that happened in the past before another action in the past.

过去发生在另一个过去动作之前的动作。

We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.

我们可以做同样的事情，但也要强调持续时间。

How long that first action happened.

第一个动作发生了多长时间。

We do this by using four and a duration.

我们通过使用四个和一个持续时间来做到这一点。

Let's take a look.

让我们来看看。

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

“我的电脑在坏之前已经拥有两个月了。”

This is very similar to the first usage.

这与第一种用法非常相似。

‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.

“我有”和动词的过去分词。

This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.

这部分显示了过去早些时候发生的动作。

The second part, ‘it broke’.

第二部分，“它坏了”。

The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past

动词过去简单时表示过去发生 的动作

that happened later than the first action.

晚于第一个动作。

However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.

但是，您会注意到这句话有一个持续时间，“两个月”。

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

“我的电脑在坏之前已经拥有两个月了。”

All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.

我在这里所做的只是显示第一个动作已经持续了多长时间。

Let's take a look at the next example.

我们来看下一个例子。

‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’

“吉姆已经孤独了很长一段时间，直到他养了一只小狗。”

Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.

同样，我们有主语“had”，过去分词。

And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.

然后我们有过去简单的“他有一只小狗”。

All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.

我们在这里所做的只是强调第一次行动已经发生了多久。

He had been lonely for a long time.

他已经孤独了很长一段时间。

That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’

直到后来的行动，“他得到了一只小狗。”

And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’

最后，“在她成为我的妻子之前，她和我已经是多年的朋友了。”

The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.

句子的第一部分是过去完成时。

It happened before she became my wife.

事情发生在她成为我妻子之前。

But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.

但我想解释一下，多年来这种情况一直存在。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.

现在我将介绍如何构成过去完成时的否定形式。

Take a look at the board.

看看黑板。

The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

第一句话是：“昨天去之前我没有在餐厅吃饭。”

Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.

同样，我们这里有过去完成时和过去简单时。

This one is the action that happened earlier in the past

这一个是过去较早发生的动作

And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.

，而这里的这个是过去较晚发生的动作。

However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between

然而，因为这是否定的，所以我要做的是在

the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

“had”和动词的过去分词之间添加“not”。

So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.

所以我说，‘我还没吃饭’。

Or I can use the contraction

或者我可以使用缩写形式

and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

说：“昨天去之前我没有在餐厅吃饭。”

The next sentence is very similar.’

下一句话非常相似。

‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’

“她上周去之前没有去过马戏团。”

Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,

这是过去较早发生的动作，

and here's the action that happened later in the past.

这是过去较晚发生的动作。

However, again, because it's negative,

然而，同样，因为它是否定的，

I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

我在“had”和动词的过去分词之间放了一个“not”。

Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’

另外，我可以使用缩写形式说：“她没有去过马戏团。”

The next sentence says,

下一句是：

‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’

“猫追鸟没多久，鸟就飞走了。”

Remember, we can show duration,

请记住，我们可以显示持续时间，

or how long the first action was true.

或者第一个动作的真实时间。

by using 'for' and a duration.

通过使用“for”和持续时间。

Because this is the negative form,

因为这是否定形式，

again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb

所以我在主语之后和动词的过去分词之前使用“had not”

In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.

。在这种情况下，缩写“hadn't”已经存在了。

‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’

“我们结婚前三个月​​才认识。”

That's a pretty short time.

这是一个相当短的时间。

It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?

它通过说“for”来显示持续时间，多长时间？

‘three months’

“三个月”

Let's move on.

让我们继续前进。

Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.

现在，让我们看一下使用“had”过去完成时的问题。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’

上面写着：“她中午已经吃过午饭了。”

Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.

现在，把这个变成一个问题是很容易的。

All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.

您所要做的就是更改前两个单词的顺序。

So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.

因此，我们不说“她有”，而是说“她有”。

‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’

“她中午吃过午饭了吗？”

You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’

你可以说，“是的，她有。”

or ‘No, she hadn't.’

或者“不，她没有。”

The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’

下一句话是：“他们离开前下雨了。”

Again simply switched the order of the first two words.

再次简单地交换了前两个单词的顺序。

Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.

提问时说“有”，而不是“它有”。

‘Had it rained before they left?’

“他们离开前下雨了吗？”

To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’

要回答，你可以说：“是的，有过。”

or ‘No, it hadn't.’

或“不，没有。”

Let's move on now.

现在让我们继续吧。

I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.

我将介绍如何用过去完成时构成“WH”问题。

Let's take a look.

让我们来看看。

Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.

在这里，我们在每个问题的开头看到一个“WH”单词。

‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.

“哪里”、“谁”、“什么”和“如何”。

Let's take a look at the first question.

我们先来看第一个问题。

‘Where had he traveled before?’

“他以前去过哪里？”

You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.

您会注意到，在每个“WH”单词后面都有“had”。

And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.

然后是主语，然后是动词的过去分词。

‘Where had he traveled before?’

“他以前去过哪里？”

The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’

下一个问题是：“她之前和谁谈过？”

This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word

这与“WH”词

‘had she’ and then the past participle.

“had she”和过去分词

You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.

是一样的 。 您会注意到这里有“之前”一词，但我们没有写出具体的时间点。

If you see that it simply means before now.

如果你看到它只是意味着现在之前。

The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

下一个问题是：“他午餐前吃了什么？”

Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.

我们再次遵循相同的公式，但是，这里说的是“为您提供午餐”。

The last one says,

最后一个说：

‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

“在和他约会之前，她认识他多久了？”

Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.

再说一次“had”+“主语”多长时间，然后是过去分词。

Let's take a look at how  to answer these questions.

我们来看看如何回答这些问题。

‘Where had he traveled before?’

“他以前去过哪里？”

‘He had traveled to Europe.’

“他去过欧洲。”

is one possible answer.

是一种可能的答案。

‘Who had she talked to before?’

“她之前和谁谈过话？”

Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’

在这里我可以说，“她已经和她哥哥谈过了。”

‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

“午饭前他吃了什么？”

‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’

“他午饭前吃了寿司。”

And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

最后，“在和他约会之前，她认识他多久了？”

‘She had known him for three years.’

“她认识他三年了。”

That is one possible answer.

这是一个可能的答案。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.

现在我们来看看过去完成时的基本用法的一些练习。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’

“我在休息之前呆了六个小时。”

The verb here is ‘work’.

这里的动词是“工作”。

Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.

请记住，我们需要说“我曾经”。

No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.

无论主题是什么，都说“曾经”。

And then, you take the past participle of the verb.

然后，你采用动词的过去分词。

In this case, we would say ‘worked’.

在这种情况下，我们会说“有效”。

‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’

“我工作了六个小时才休息。”

For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.

对于下一句话，我希望你尝试一下否定形式。

‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’

“我们在听广播之前先把电视关掉。”

Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’

请记住，对于否定形式，我们说“had not”

or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.

，或者我们使用缩写“hadn't”。

‘We hadn’t’.

“我们没有”。

And then, we need the past participle.

然后，我们需要过去分词。

‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’

“在听广播之前我们没有看过电视。”

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在找出下一句中的错误。

‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

“雷吉在去秘鲁之前先去了墨西哥。”

Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.

好吧，我们这里有这个主题，对于否定，“没有”是正确的。

However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

然而，我们需要动词“be”的过去分词。

So the correct answer is,

所以正确的答案是，

‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

“雷吉在去秘鲁之前没有去过墨西哥。”

And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’

最后，“莎莉和简或者他们已经完成了他们的工作。”

Hmm.

唔。

Remember, we need the past participle.

请记住，我们需要过去分词。

We don't say do.

我们不说做。

We say ‘done’.

我们说“完成”。

‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’

“莎莉和简在看电视之前就已经完成了他们的工作。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises

在这次检查中，我们将看一些

for the past perfect tense that describes how long.

描述过去完成时态的练习，这些练习描述了多长时间。

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

我们看一下第一句话。

‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’

“回家之前你在公园里呆了三个小时。”

Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.

请记住，我们从主题开始，然后是“曾经”。

So I'm going to add that here,

所以我要在这里补充一点，

then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

那么我们需要动词“be”的过去分词。

And that is ‘been’.

这就是“曾经”。

‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’

“你在公园待了三个小时才回家。”

The next sentence says,

下一句话是：

‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’

“他们在休息之前呆了六个小时。”

Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.

再说一次，无论主语是什么，我们都有“had”，然后是过去分词。

So the answer is,

所以答案是，

‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’

“他们学习了六个小时才休息。”

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在，找出下一句中的错误。

It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.

它有点长，所以可能需要一些时间。

‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’

“在他们第一次吵架之前，他们已经认识十年了。”

Can you find the mistake?

你能找出其中的错误吗？

Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.

好吧，我们有了主题和“曾经”，但请检查一下。

There are two past participles here.

这里有两个过去分词。

We need to get rid of one of them.

我们需要除掉其中之一。

We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years

我们可以去掉这个动词，说：“他们 在第一次吵架之前

before they had their first fight.’

就已经认识十年了

The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

。” 下一句话是：“在打进第一个进球之前，我已经踢了很多年足球。”

This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.

这句话乍一看并没有错。

But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.

但请记住，在过去完成时中，我们需要说“had”。

‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

“在打进第一个进球之前，我已经踢了很多年足球。”

Good job, everybody.

干得好，大家。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Great job, everyone.

干得好，大家。

Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.

现在您对过去完成时有了更好的理解。

I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,

我知道这可能有点困难，但继续学习，

and keep practicing, and you will get better.

继续练习，你会变得更好。

I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,

我知道学习英语并不容易，但只要付出时间和努力，

I know you'll master it.

我知道你会掌握它。

Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.

非常感谢您的观看，我们将在下一个视频中见到您。

Hi, everybody.

大家好。

I'm Esther.

我是埃丝特。

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.

在这个视频中，我将介绍过去完成进行时。

It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action

这是一种大时态，可以帮助您表达过去正在进行的动作

in the past continuing up to another point in the past.

一直持续到过去的另一个点。

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

有很多东西需要学习，所以请继续关注。

One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the

过去完成进行时的一种用法是谈论过去持续

past that continued up to another point in the

到过去另一点的 持续动作

past.

。

You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about

您可以使用“for”和持续时间来表示

how long that action was in progress.

该操作进行了多长时间。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’

“我等了公共汽车两个小时才到达。”

You'll notice that at the beginning.

一开始你就会注意到这一点。

It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.

主语是什么并不重要，我们后面跟着“had be”。

For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,

例如，“我曾经是”、“查克曾经是”

And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’

和“汤姆和金曾经是”。

And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.

然后我们跟动词“-ing”。

‘waiting’.

'等待'。

‘I had been waiting.’

“我一直在等。”

Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.

现在这是首先发生的持续行动。

Again, four and two hours shows the duration.

同样，四个小时和两个小时显示了持续时间。

The second part says, ‘it arrived’.

第二部分说，“它到达了”。

This verb is in the past simple tense.

这个动词是过去简单时态。

Therefore, that is the second action.

因此，这是第二个动作。

It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,

这是第一个动作发生的动作，直到这个动作发生，

so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened

所以再一次，“我一直在等公共汽车”

first.

首先发生。

And then, it happened until the bus arrived.

然后，事情就发生了，直到公共汽车到达。

‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.

“查克一直在做饭，”同样，这部分很简单。

No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

无论主语是什么，我们都会说“had be”，然后说动词“-ing”。

Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing

再次，我可以通过说“一个小时”来显示查克做饭的时间，显示

the duration.

持续时间。

And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.

然后，我最后说，“在他说完之前”。

He had been cooking up to this point in the past.

他以前一直在做饭。

Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,

最后，“Tom 和 Kim 一直在散步”，这部分现在您应该已经熟悉了，

‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.

“一个小时”。再次，这显示了持续时间。

‘before they rested.’

“在他们休息之前。”

So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.

所以他们走了一个小时才休息。

Before they rested.

在他们休息之前。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the

过去完成进行时也用于表达过去的因果关系

past.

。

The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,

过去完成进行时的动词表示

why something happened.

事情发生的原因。

We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.

我们可以用“because”或“so”来表示因果关系。

Here, I'll explain.

这里我就解释一下。

‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’

“杰森很累，因为他一直在慢跑。”

The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.

句子的第一部分是过去时态。

‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’

“杰森很累，”但是，我们明白“为什么？”

Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.

嗯，因为，“他一直在慢跑”。

The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.

这句话的第二部分是过去完成进行时。

‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,

“he had was”，记住无论主语是什么，

we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.

我们后面都会跟“had be”和慢跑——“动词-ing”。

‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.

“他一直在慢跑”这说明了杰森为何感到疲倦。

The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because

下一句话是“人行道”或“因为

it had been raining.’

下过雨所以很湿”。

Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.

与第一句话类似，“it had been raining”表明了原因。

Why was the pavement wet?

人行道怎么湿了？

‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’

“因为刚下过雨，人行道很湿。”

In this sentence, we see a little difference.

在这句话中，我们看到了一点不同。

‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous

“孩子们一直在玩耍”这又是过去完成进行时

tense.

。

‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.

“一直在玩”第二部分说，“房间很乱”。

So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,

所以在这里，我没有像前两句那样使用“因为”，而是

I used ‘so’.

使用“所以”。

So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.

所以顺序变了，但意思是一样的。

This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.

“孩子们一直在玩耍”这就是房间乱七八糟的原因。

This is the cause and this is the effect.

这是因，这也是果。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.

现在我们来看看过去完成进行时的否定形式。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’

“我辞职之前已经一天没工作了。”

So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

所以无论主语“我”、“你”、“她”或“它”，

just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,

就像在肯定形式中一样，我们说“had”，但在否定形式的“had”后面，

we add ‘not’. ‘had not’

我们添加“不是'。 “had not”

‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.

“had not”或者您可以使用缩写“hadn't”。

Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.

这是“有”和“没有”的组合。

‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.

“我没有工作”这句话的其余部分是一样的。

‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before

'been + verb -ing' '我 辞职

I quit.’

前已经一天没有工作了

The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long

。' 下一句话是：“你切洋葱没多久

before you cried.’

就哭了。”

Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.

同样，“不”位于“曾经”和“曾经”之间。

‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’

“她睡着时还没学习多久。”

Here, we have the contraction.

在这里，我们有收缩。

And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it

最后，“雪停的时候，雪还没下多久

stopped.’

。”

Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.

同样，这里有“had not”的缩写。

You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.

您会注意到，在前两句话中，我使用了“之前”。

And in the last two, I used ‘when’.

在最后两个中，我使用了“何时”。

Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.

任何一个都可以用来显示第一个动作何时停止。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

现在我们来看看如何用过去完成进行时来构成基本问题。

Here is the first example.

这是第一个例子。

‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’

“他到达之前已经开了一整天的车。”

Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first

现在，要把它变成一个问题，我们所要做的就是改变前 两个单词

two words.

的顺序

Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.

。 现在我可以说“他有”，而不是“他有”，以形成一个问题。

‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’

“他到达之前已经开了一整天车了吗？”

The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was

下一句话是：“狗一直在吠叫，因为它很

scared.’

害怕。”

In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.

在本例中，主语是“狗”。

And then we follow with ‘had’.

然后我们跟上“had”。

To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.

为了把它变成一个问题，我们再次改变顺序。

‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’

“那只狗是因为害怕才叫吗？”

You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.

您会注意到，在问题中，其余单词保留在同一位置。

Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,

现在，在第一个问题中，我们询问某个动作发生了多长时间，

or how long it was ongoing in the past.

或者该动作在过去持续了多长时间。

And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.

在这个问题中，我们询问因果关系。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

现在，我将介绍如何用过去完成进行时构成WH问题。

Take a look at these examples.

看看这些例子。

You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.

您会注意到它们都以 WH 单词开头。

Why, where, what, and who.

为什么、在哪里、什么以及谁。

You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.

您可能也注意到了，在我们“有”之后。

‘Why had’ ‘Where had’

“为什么有”“在哪里有”

‘What had’ and ‘Who had’

“什么有”和“谁有”

In the first question, after that comes the subject.

在第一个问题中，接下来是主题。

‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’

“Why had you”，然后是“been + verb -ing”

And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.

，这与我们在所有这些句子中遵循的模式相同。

So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’

那么“你为什么要学习这么多？”

I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have

我可以这样回答：“我一直在学习，因为我要参加

a test.’

考试。”

‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’

“你来这里之前到过哪里？”

I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’

我可以说，“我一直在亚洲旅行。”

‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’

“他们踢足球之前都踢什么？”

I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’

我可以回答，“他们一直在打棒球。”

And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she

最后，“在她 离开家 之前，她一直在和谁说话

left home?’

？”

I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’

我可以回答：“她一直在和她男朋友说话。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.

让我们开始检查一下过去完成进行时。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’

上面写着，“他们回家之前__了很长时间。”

Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense.

尝试用这种时态的动词“work”填空。

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.

请记住，无论主语是什么，我们都在主语后面加上“曾经是”。

So we say, ‘They had been’.

所以我们说，“他们曾经是”。

What happens to the verb?

动词会发生什么情况？

Remember, we add ‘-ing’.

请记住，我们添加“-ing”。

So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’

所以这句话是，“他们回家之前已经工作了很长时间。”

Now, take a look at the second sentence.

现在，看一下第二句话。

I want you to use the negative.

我希望你使用否定。

‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’

“我在电视上看了一年才重新开始。”

Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject

请记住，这种时态的否定形式以主语开头

and then ‘had not been’.

，然后是“had not be”。

Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.

或者我可以使用缩写“hadn't”。

‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’.

“我没有”，然后又是动词“-ing”。

‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’

“在我重新开始看电视之前，我已经一年没看电视了。”

Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.

现在，尝试找出下一句话中的错误。

‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’

“在我们开始之前，吉娜和我没有做任何工作。”

What's the error?

有什么错误？

You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’.

您会注意到该动词没有“-ing”。

To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing

为了使这句话正确，我们必须说，“吉娜和我 在开始之前

any work before we started.’

没有做 任何工作。”

Now, find the mistake here.

现在，找出这里的错误。

‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’

“他一直在看 YouTube，因为他有一些空闲时间。”

‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’.

“他曾经”，这是正确的，但我们需要将“是”改为“是”。

And ‘watching’ is correct.

“观看”是正确的。

So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’

所以，“他一直在观看 YouTube，因为他有一些空闲时间。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.

现在，让我们继续检查过去完成进行时。

Take a look at the first example.

看一下第一个例子。

It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’

上面写着：“公司 __ 员工因为他们工作努力。”

Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.

使用过去完成进行时态的动词“promote”。

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’.

请记住，无论主语是什么，我们都跟在“曾经是”之后。

So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’.

所以我们说，“The company had was”，然后是动词“-ing”，即“促销”。

‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’

“公司一直在提拔员工，因为他们工作努力。”

The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam

下一个示例表示，“我暂时将您的电子邮件暂时删除，因为它们进入了垃圾邮件

folder.’

文件夹。”

Here, try to use the negative form with the verb ‘get’.

在这里，尝试使用动词“get”的否定形式。

Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’

请记住，在否定形式中，我们说“had not be getting”

Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’.

或缩写“hadn not be getting”。

‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’

“我已经有一段时间没有收到你的电子邮件了，因为它们进入了垃圾邮件文件夹。”

Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.

现在找出下一句话中的错误。

‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’

“我一直在工作，因为我需要钱。”

What's the mistake?

有什么错误吗？

Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

请记住，我们需要在动词后添加“-ing”。

‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’

“我一直在工作，因为我需要钱。”

The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’

最后一句话是：“他因为压力太大而一直抽烟。”

Can you find the mistake?

你能找出其中的错误吗？

Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.

请记住，我们正在练习过去完成进行时。

In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’.

在这种情况下，我们在主语后面需要“had”，而不是“has”。

Great job, everyone.

干得好，大家。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the past tense. 

非常感谢您观看这门过去时语法课程。

Now, if you haven’t had a chance to check  out my grammar course on the present tense  

现在，如果您还没有机会查看我的现在时

or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you  

或将来时语法课程，请务必立即查看。 再次感谢您的观看，我们 下次

next time. Bye.

再见 。 再见。