How to Pronounce GH in English | Hard G, Silent GH | Pronunciation Lesson

5,525 views ãƒģ 2024-06-19

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤

00:00
Let's get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
00:01
Let's take a list of words.
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āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
00:05
ghost
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āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ°
00:06
spaghetti
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āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ
00:08
straight
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āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ
00:10
enough
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āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ
00:12
high
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡
00:13
longhand
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āĻ˛āĻ‚āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ
00:16
Now if we take a look at that list
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡
00:19
the first thing you can notice
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨
00:21
is that the letters 'gh'
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āĻ¯ā§‡ 'gh' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ
00:24
can be placed in the beginning of a word,
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡,
00:28
in the middle of a word,
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡
00:30
or at the end of a word.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ.
00:33
And as you can hear,
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨,
00:35
the sound is different.
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āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
00:38
Now let's get to it together.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡.
00:42
'ghost' is the first word.
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'āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤' āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
00:45
Now what is the sound what can you hear?
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
00:49
What you can hear very clearly is this 'g' sound.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ‡ 'āĻœāĻŋ' āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
00:53
'ghost' it's called a hard 'g'.
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'āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤' āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ 'g' āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
00:57
Most of the time
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āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ
00:59
when you have the letters 'g'  'h' at the beginning of a word
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'g' 'h' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨
01:04
it will be pronounced /g/ a hard 'g'.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ /g/ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ 'g'āĨ¤
01:09
The second word is 'spaghetti'.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ'āĨ¤
01:13
Now the 'gh' is in the middle of the word
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻ˜' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡
01:18
and what sound can you hear?
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
01:21
Again, you can hear that very hard 'g' sound.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ 'g' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
01:25
spaghetti
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spaghetti
01:28
So when 'gh' is in the middle of a word
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ 'gh' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨
01:32
it is sometimes pronounced /g/
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ /g/ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ
01:35
but then if we take the third word,
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‡,
01:38
straight
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ
01:40
again 'gh' is also in the middle of the word
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'gh' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡
01:44
but the sound is different.
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
01:47
It's what we call a silent 'gh'.
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āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ 'āĻ˜' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤
01:50
'straight' you can't actually hear anything
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'āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ' āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž
01:55
okay so sometimes,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡,
01:57
it's when gh is in the middle  of the word it's silent.
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ gh āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤
02:03
Now our next example is a very interesting case.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¸.
02:08
It's the word 'enough'.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
02:10
And as you can see
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡
02:12
'gh' is at the end of the word
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āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'āĻ˜' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡
02:16
and what can you hear?
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
02:18
Can you hear a 'g' sound or a silent 'gh'?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'g' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ 'gh' āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
02:23
Well, no, actually you can hear an 'f' sound
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'f' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
02:27
enough
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āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨
02:29
So sometimes with some words in English,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡,
02:33
'gh' is placed at the end of the word
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āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'gh' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ
02:36
and is pronounced 'f' like enough.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŽāĻ¤ 'f' āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
02:41
Our next example is the word 'high'
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻžāĻ‡' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
02:45
and again 'gh' is at the end of a word
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'āĻ˜' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡
02:50
but the sound is not an 'f' sound this time
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻāĻĢ' āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ°
02:55
it's a silent gh
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻƒāĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ gh
02:57
high
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āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš
02:58
so sometimes 'gh' placed at  the end of a word is silent.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'gh' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ
03:05
And our very last example was 'longhand'.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ 'āĻ˛āĻ‚āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ'āĨ¤
03:10
Now with longhand, as you know I'm sure it's a compound word 
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻ‚āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
03:17
so it's an association of two different words it's a special case.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
03:22
So in this case, the sound is not 'gh' 
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ˜' āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ
03:25
the two letters are separate because you first have the word long 
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āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡
03:30
and then you have the word hand so you can actually hear both sounds 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ‡
03:36
in a separate way longhand.
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āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ‚āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
03:39
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
03:41
So I hope you remember when 'gh' is at the beginning of a word
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'gh' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡
03:47
most of the time it's a hard 'g' sound like ghost.
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āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ 'g' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤
03:51
When it's in the middle most of the time it's silent
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ
03:55
like 'straight' but not all the time
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'āĻ¸ā§‹āĻœāĻž'āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ
03:58
we have examples of a heart  'g' sound like spaghetti.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ 'āĻœāĻŋ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
04:02
When it's at the end of the word,
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡,
04:05
most of the time it's silent like high
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āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡
04:09
but not all the time we have example...  examples sorry of an 'f' sound like enough. 
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž... āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'f' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
04:17
And finally we have compound nouns which are a special case, okay. 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
04:23
Well, let's now review other words and find out how this 'gh' sound is pronounced.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ 'āĻ˜' āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
04:31
Let's get started guys please repeat after me  
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨
04:34
it's very important that you practice.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:38
This first category is for the hard 'g' sound
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ 'āĻœāĻŋ' āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯
04:43
spaghetti
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āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ
04:47
aghast
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āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ
04:52
ghost
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āĻ˜ā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ
04:56
ghetto
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āĻ˜ā§‡āĻŸā§‹
05:00
ghoul
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āĻ­ā§āĻ¤
05:04
ghastly
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āĻ˜āĻžāĻ¨āĻž
05:08
Ghana
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āĻ†āĻĢāĻ—āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨
05:12
Afghanistan
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'f' āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨
05:15
Let's continue with the 'f' sound this time.
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āĨ¤
05:19
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
05:22
enough
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āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ
05:25
cough
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āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋ
05:29
laugh
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āĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡
05:32
rough
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āĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§āĻˇ
05:35
tough
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āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨
05:39
draft
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āĻ–āĻ¸āĻĄāĻŧāĻž
05:41
And now let's look at words  containing the silent 'gh'.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻŦ 'āĻ˜' āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
05:47
It's a big list.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻž.
05:49
Now listen very carefully
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨
05:51
and repeat after me.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
05:54
ought to
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āĻ–āĻ°āĻž
05:58
drought
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āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¤ā§‡
06:02
thought
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āĻšāĻŦā§‡
06:06
slaughter
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āĻŦāĻ§
06:10
straight
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āĻ¸ā§‹āĻœāĻž
06:13
slay
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āĻŦāĻ§
06:17
thigh
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āĻ‰āĻ°ā§
06:22
naughty
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āĻĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŸā§
06:25
caught
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āĻ§āĻ°āĻž
06:29
daughter
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āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡
06:33
eight
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āĻ†āĻŸ
06:36
height
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āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻ¤āĻž
06:40
weight
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āĻ“āĻœāĻ¨
06:44
neighbor
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļā§€
06:48
might
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āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡
06:51
bright
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āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛
06:55
light
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āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ•āĻž
06:58
night
114
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āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡
07:01
tight
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āĻ†āĻāĻŸāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻŸ
07:04
high
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āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš
07:07
sigh
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āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸
07:10
bought
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āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨āĻž
07:13
although
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“
07:16
thought
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āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡
07:19
through
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āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž
07:22
though
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“
07:25
And now a few examples of compound nouns.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ.
07:29
Now because compound nouns are two separate nouns,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯,
07:35
you can clearly hear the sounds of the letter 'g'
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ 'g' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'h' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°
07:38
and the letter 'h'.
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āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨
07:40
Okay, repeat after me.
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āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
07:44
foghorn
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foghorn
07:48
jughead
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jughead
07:52
longhand
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longhand
07:56
egghead
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egghead
08:00
bigheaded
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bigheaded
08:03
And finally, let's practice four sentences.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
08:07
Now remember, be very careful
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡
08:10
listen very carefully
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āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨
08:12
and try to remember how these  'gh' sounds are pronounced.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ 'āĻ˜' āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
08:18
Repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
08:20
The ghost had a light cough.
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āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ•āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
08:29
My neighbor had enough spaghetti.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļā§€āĻ° āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
08:37
His daughter went to the ghetto at night.
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āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ˜ā§‡āĻŸā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
08:45
We ought to laugh at the neighbor.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļā§€ āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
08:52
Great job guys.
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āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
08:54
One final word I want to talk to you about
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻž
08:57
is the word hiccup.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
08:59
Now most of the time the  word hiccup is spelled c-u-p
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ hiccup āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ cup
09:05
okay the American spelling
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨
09:06
and it's pronounced hiccup
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ hiccup
09:09
but if you ever go to the UK,
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ UK āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨,
09:11
you might see the old British spelling.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻļ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
09:14
It's spelled with 'gh'
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'gh' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡
09:17
and it's still pronounced hiccup.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻžāĨ¤
09:19
It's the same pronunciation it's the p sound
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ p āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
09:22
but the spelling is different  so that's an interesting one.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:26
Thank you for watching this video,
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ,
09:28
I hope you now have a better sense
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨
09:30
of how to pronounce these words
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'g' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'h' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤
09:32
containing the letters 'g' and 'h'.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻž
09:35
Don't hesitate to watch this video again
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āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž
09:38
and please keep practicing.  Practice makes perfect. 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ.
09:42
Thank you for watching my video  and see you in the next videos.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ YouTube āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ā§ˇ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.

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