Using the Historical Present to Improve YOUR Jokes and Stories! | English Grammar Lesson

39,985 views ใƒป 2021-09-13

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
So yesterday morning, I'm running a bit late, I grab a piece of toast and
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ืื– ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืงืฆืช, ืื ื™ ืชื•ืคืก ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื
00:11
head out to my car, but my car won't start. So I have to take the bus.
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžืชื ื™ืขื”. ืื– ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
00:20
Now, let me pause me right there.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื. ื”ืื ืฉืžืช
00:23
Did you notice anything unusual grammatically about what she,
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ืœื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืจื™ื’ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื,
00:27
I just said? When did all this happen?
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ื”ืจื’ืข ืืžืจืชื™? ืžืชื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงืจื”?
00:30
So yesterday morning. I'm running a bit late ...
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ืื– ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ืื ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืงืฆืช...
00:34
Yesterday morning. So it's past, right?
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ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ืื– ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:36
OK, so listen again. How many past verb forms can you hear?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘. ื›ืžื” ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข?
00:40
ย 
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00:45
ย  ย 
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00:51
Thank you, Joanne. Right, let's look at the score.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ื’'ื•ืืŸ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ.
00:56
Now would you look at that:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”:
00:59
zero, nil, nothing, zilch, nought.
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ืืคืก, ืืคืก, ื›ืœื•ื, ื–ื™ืœื–, ืฉื•ื.
01:02
I think we can agree that this did happen in the past.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
01:05
So how is it that Joanne didn't use any past forms?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื’'ื•ืืŸ ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ?
01:09
Did I, she make a mistake? Well, surprisingly, no.
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ื”ืื ืื ื™, ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืœื.
01:19
Let me explain how it's possible to use the present
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01:19
to talk about the past. We call it the historical present,
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ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ. ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™,
01:23
or it may also be called the dramatic present or narrative present.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ื’ื ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืื• ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
01:29
We use it a lot when we tell jokes or anecdotes, for example,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ,
01:32
because using present forms to describe past actions makes
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจื
01:36
the story seem more immediate, more engaging, more personal.
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ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ืžืจืชืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:40
We also see present forms being used for the past a lot in news headlines,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื˜ืคืกื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
01:45
whether read by news readers or written in print or online.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ืงืจืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ืื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
01:49
And historians might use it to talk about the ancient past
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ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืง
01:53
in a way to make history more appealing.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืชื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:56
ย  In 1066 William the Conqueror invades
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1066 ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืคื•ืœืฉ
01:58
and thousands of new words enter the English language.
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ื•ืืœืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
02:03
Now, in all of these cases, we could use past forms.
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ.
02:07
Let's get Joanne back to tell us the story again,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื’'ื•ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘,
02:10
ย  only this time using past forms.
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ืจืง ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ.
02:23
Let's have a look at the past form score board,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ
02:26
and we've got a grand total of five.
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ืœื ื• ืกืš ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”.
02:28
Exactly the same events, but using past forms.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ.
02:32
It's not quite as involving, not quite as engaging, but it is still correct.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืชืง, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:39
Now, I want to go back to the car.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:41
My car won't start.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืชืชื ื™ืข.
02:43
Notice here that we have what might appear to be a future form being
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช
02:47
used in the present to talk about something that happened in the past.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:52
The first thing to mention here is that
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื
02:54
'will' is not really a future form.
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ืฉ'ืจืฆื•ืŸ' ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช.
02:59
It's a modal auxiliary and we do use it to talk about an intention
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ื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื“ืืœื™ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
03:03
to do something in the future, say, for example, opening a window.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
03:07
It's hot. I'll open the window.
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ื–ื” ื—ื. ืื ื™ ืืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
03:10
The act of opening the window might be in the future,
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ืคืขื•ืœืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
03:14
but the intention to open it is in the present, at the moment of speaking.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
03:18
It might seem weird, but 'will' actually refers to present time, not future time.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืื‘ืœ 'ืจืฆื•ืŸ' ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืœื ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
03:23
And believe it or not, it's the same for would and wouldn't.
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ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืจืฆื” ื•ืœื ื™ืจืฆื”.
03:30
In the same way that will and won't are not about future time,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื™,
03:34
would and wouldn't aren't about past time.
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ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
03:37
It's a bit more tricky to get your head around that point.
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:39
So I would prefer to talk about that another time.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช.
03:43
Oh look! I just use 'would' to talk about something that hasn't happened yet.
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ื”ื™ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ! ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-'wild' ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงืจื”.
03:48
Hmm. An example that shows it can't be the past.
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ื”ืžืž. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืžืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
03:51
So I'm going to have to knock off a point from our past-o-meter.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:55
Before I leave you, one more thing to make you think.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชืš, ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
03:58
As we've seen, 'will' is used for an intention,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, 'ืจืฆื•ืŸ' ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื”,
04:01
a plan, an idea to do something. So when we say:
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื:
04:04
My car won't start!
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืชืชื ื™ืข!
04:06
Are we suggesting the car doesn't have the will to start,
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื™ืข,
04:09
it has chosen not to start just to wind us up, just to make us angry?
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื ืœื”ืชื ื™ืข ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืขื•ืก?
04:21
It may be we choose to give the human quality of stubbornness to
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช
04:24
an inanimate object as a way to express our frustration.
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ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืžื ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:28
Well, my car certainly is inanimate at the moment, and that is very frustrating.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื“ื•ืžืžืช ื›ืจื’ืข, ื•ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืกื›ืœ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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