Using the Historical Present to Improve YOUR Jokes and Stories! | English Grammar Lesson

39,741 views ใƒป 2021-09-13

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
So yesterday morning, I'm running a bit late, I grab a piece of toast and
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด์ œ ์•„์นจ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ† ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
00:11
head out to my car, but my car won't start. So I have to take the bus.
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์ฐจ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋™์ด ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
00:20
Now, let me pause me right there.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ง์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ 
00:23
Did you notice anything unusual grammatically about what she,
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์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”
00:27
I just said? When did all this happen?
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? ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:30
So yesterday morning. I'm running a bit late ...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด์ œ ์•„์นจ. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” ...
00:34
Yesterday morning. So it's past, right?
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์–ด์ œ ์•„์นจ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
00:36
OK, so listen again. How many past verb forms can you hear?
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์ž, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:40
ย 
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00:45
ย  ย 
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00:51
Thank you, Joanne. Right, let's look at the score.
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ์กฐ์•ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž.
00:56
Now would you look at that:
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์ด์ œ
00:59
zero, nil, nothing, zilch, nought.
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0, nil, nothing, zilch, nought๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I think we can agree that this did happen in the past.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:05
So how is it that Joanne didn't use any past forms?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Joanne์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:09
Did I, she make a mistake? Well, surprisingly, no.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Let me explain how it's possible to use the present
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01:19
to talk about the past. We call it the historical present,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ํ˜„์žฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด
01:23
or it may also be called the dramatic present or narrative present.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทน์  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
01:29
We use it a lot when we tell jokes or anecdotes, for example,
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๋†๋‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:32
because using present forms to describe past actions makes
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
01:36
the story seem more immediate, more engaging, more personal.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
We also see present forms being used for the past a lot in news headlines,
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๋˜ํ•œ
01:45
whether read by news readers or written in print or online.
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๋‰ด์Šค ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๋“  , ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋“ , ๋‰ด์Šค ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜•์‹์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
And historians might use it to talk about the ancient past
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:53
in a way to make history more appealing.
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01:56
ย  In 1066 William the Conqueror invades
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1066๋…„ ์ •๋ณต์ž ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„์ด ์นจ๋žตํ•˜์—ฌ
01:58
and thousands of new words enter the English language.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Now, in all of these cases, we could use past forms.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Let's get Joanne back to tell us the story again,
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Joanne์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:10
ย  only this time using past forms.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Let's have a look at the past form score board,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜ํŒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:26
and we've got a grand total of five.
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์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Exactly the same events, but using past forms.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
It's not quite as involving, not quite as engaging, but it is still correct.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Now, I want to go back to the car.
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์ด์ œ ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
My car won't start.
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๋‚ด ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋™์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Notice here that we have what might appear to be a future form being
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์—
02:47
used in the present to talk about something that happened in the past.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰
02:52
The first thing to mention here is that
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ํ•  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
02:54
'will' is not really a future form.
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'will'์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
It's a modal auxiliary and we do use it to talk about an intention
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:03
to do something in the future, say, for example, opening a window.
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.
03:07
It's hot. I'll open the window.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋œจ๊ฒ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
The act of opening the window might be in the future,
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ผ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ
03:14
but the intention to open it is in the present, at the moment of speaking.
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์„ ์—ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋„๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
It might seem weird, but 'will' actually refers to present time, not future time.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ 'will'์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And believe it or not, it's the same for would and wouldn't.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, would์™€ would't๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
In the same way that will and won't are not about future time,
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will๊ณผ will not์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
03:34
would and wouldn't aren't about past time.
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would์™€ would not์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
03:37
It's a bit more tricky to get your head around that point.
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๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:39
So I would prefer to talk about that another time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:43
Oh look! I just use 'would' to talk about something that hasn't happened yet.
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์˜ค ๋ด! ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•„์ง ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ 'would'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:48
Hmm. An example that shows it can't be the past.
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ํ . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ.
03:51
So I'm going to have to knock off a point from our past-o-meter.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Before I leave you, one more thing to make you think.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”.
03:58
As we've seen, 'will' is used for an intention,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 'will'์€
04:01
a plan, an idea to do something. So when we say:
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„, ๊ณ„ํš, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ:
04:04
My car won't start!
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๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ์‹œ๋™์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:06
Are we suggesting the car doesn't have the will to start,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋™์„ ๊ฑธ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:09
it has chosen not to start just to wind us up, just to make us angry?
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋™์„ ๊ฑธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์™„๊ณ ํ•จ์„
04:21
It may be we choose to give the human quality of stubbornness to
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๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:24
an inanimate object as a way to express our frustration.
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.
04:28
Well, my car certainly is inanimate at the moment, and that is very frustrating.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ œ ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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