Using the Historical Present to Improve YOUR Jokes and Stories! | English Grammar Lesson

39,985 views ・ 2021-09-13

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:07
So yesterday morning, I'm running a bit late, I grab a piece of toast and
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄μ œ 아침에 쑰금 늦게 달리닀가 ν† μŠ€νŠΈ ν•œ 쑰각을 λ“€κ³ 
00:11
head out to my car, but my car won't start. So I have to take the bus.
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차둜 ν–₯ν–ˆλŠ”λ° μ°¨κ°€ μ‹œλ™μ΄ μ•ˆ κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ²„μŠ€λ₯Ό 타야 ν•΄μš”.
00:20
Now, let me pause me right there.
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이제 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μž μ‹œ λ©ˆμΆ”κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚΄κ°€ 방금 λ§ν•œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 말에 문법적
00:23
Did you notice anything unusual grammatically about what she,
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으둜 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 점을 λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨λ‚˜μš”
00:27
I just said? When did all this happen?
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? 이 λͺ¨λ“  일이 μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:30
So yesterday morning. I'm running a bit late ...
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄μ œ μ•„μΉ¨. 쑰금 늦게 달리고 μžˆμ–΄μš” ...
00:34
Yesterday morning. So it's past, right?
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μ–΄μ œ μ•„μΉ¨. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όκ±°μ£ ?
00:36
OK, so listen again. How many past verb forms can you hear?
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자, λ‹€μ‹œ λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ κ³Όκ±° 동사 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 듀을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:40
Β 
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00:45
Β  Β 
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00:51
Thank you, Joanne. Right, let's look at the score.
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κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œμš”, μ‘°μ•€. 그래, 점수λ₯Ό 보자.
00:56
Now would you look at that:
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이제
00:59
zero, nil, nothing, zilch, nought.
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0, nil, nothing, zilch, noughtλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
I think we can agree that this did happen in the past.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이것이 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” 데 λ™μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:05
So how is it that Joanne didn't use any past forms?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ Joanne이 κ³Όκ±° ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ΄μœ λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:09
Did I, she make a mistake? Well, surprisingly, no.
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λ‚΄κ°€, κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ‹€μˆ˜ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”? κΈ€μŽ„μš”, λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
Let me explain how it's possible to use the present
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01:19
to talk about the past. We call it the historical present,
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과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 역사적 ν˜„μž¬λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄
01:23
or it may also be called the dramatic present or narrative present.
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κ±°λ‚˜ 극적 ν˜„μž¬ λ˜λŠ” λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒ ν˜„μž¬λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
01:29
We use it a lot when we tell jokes or anecdotes, for example,
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λ†λ‹΄μ΄λ‚˜ 일화λ₯Ό 말할 λ•Œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 과거의 행동을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:32
because using present forms to describe past actions makes
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ν˜„μž¬ ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
01:36
the story seem more immediate, more engaging, more personal.
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이야기가 더 즉각적이고 맀λ ₯적이며 더 개인적인 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
We also see present forms being used for the past a lot in news headlines,
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λ˜ν•œ
01:45
whether read by news readers or written in print or online.
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λ‰΄μŠ€ λ…μžκ°€ 읽든 , μΈμ‡„λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ 온라인으둜 μž‘μ„±λ˜λ“ , λ‰΄μŠ€ ν—€λ“œλΌμΈμ—μ„œ 과거에 ν˜„μž¬ ν˜•μ‹μ΄ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
And historians might use it to talk about the ancient past
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그리고 역사가듀은 역사λ₯Ό 더 맀λ ₯적으둜 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λŒ€ 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:53
in a way to make history more appealing.
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01:56
Β  In 1066 William the Conqueror invades
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1066λ…„ μ •λ³΅μž μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μ΄ μΉ¨λž΅ν•˜μ—¬
01:58
and thousands of new words enter the English language.
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수천 개의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 단어가 μ˜μ–΄μ— μž…λ ₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Now, in all of these cases, we could use past forms.
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이제 이 λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°μ— κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
Let's get Joanne back to tell us the story again,
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Joanne을 λ‹€μ‹œ 뢈러 이야기λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
02:10
Β  only this time using past forms.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±° ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Let's have a look at the past form score board,
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과거의 μ μˆ˜νŒμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:26
and we've got a grand total of five.
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총 5개의 μ μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Exactly the same events, but using past forms.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ λ™μΌν•œ 이벀트 μ΄μ§€λ§Œ κ³Όκ±° ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
It's not quite as involving, not quite as engaging, but it is still correct.
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그것은 그닀지 κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šκ³  맀λ ₯적이지도 μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ •ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Now, I want to go back to the car.
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이제 차둜 λŒμ•„κ°€κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
My car won't start.
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λ‚΄ μ°¨κ°€ μ‹œλ™μ΄ 걸리지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Notice here that we have what might appear to be a future form being
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일에
02:47
used in the present to talk about something that happened in the past.
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λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 미래 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 보일 수 μžˆλŠ” 것을 가지고 μžˆμŒμ„ μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ . μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰
02:52
The first thing to mention here is that
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ν•  첫 번째 사항은
02:54
'will' is not really a future form.
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'will'이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” λ―Έλž˜ν˜•μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
It's a modal auxiliary and we do use it to talk about an intention
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이것은 λͺ¨λ‹¬ 쑰동사이며 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 창문을 μ—¬λŠ” 것과 같이 λ―Έλž˜μ— 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ˜λ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:03
to do something in the future, say, for example, opening a window.
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03:07
It's hot. I'll open the window.
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그것은 λœ¨κ²λ‹€. 창문을 μ—΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
The act of opening the window might be in the future,
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창문을 μ—¬λŠ” ν–‰μœ„λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μΌμ§€ λͺ°λΌλ„ μ°½λ¬Έ
03:14
but the intention to open it is in the present, at the moment of speaking.
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을 μ—΄κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μ˜λ„λŠ” λ§ν•˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„ ν˜„μž¬μ— μžˆλ‹€.
03:18
It might seem weird, but 'will' actually refers to present time, not future time.
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴지 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ 'will'은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 미래 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
And believe it or not, it's the same for would and wouldn't.
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그리고 λ―Ώκ±°λ‚˜ λ§κ±°λ‚˜, would와 would'tλŠ” λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
In the same way that will and won't are not about future time,
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willκ³Ό will not이 미래 μ‹œκ°„μ— κ΄€ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ 것과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
03:34
would and wouldn't aren't about past time.
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would와 would not은 κ³Όκ±° μ‹œκ°„μ— κ΄€ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ§€μ μ—μ„œ 머리λ₯Ό
03:37
It's a bit more tricky to get your head around that point.
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λŒλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 쑰금 더 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:39
So I would prefer to talk about that another time.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ— μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ„ ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:43
Oh look! I just use 'would' to talk about something that hasn't happened yet.
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였 봐! λ‚˜λŠ” 단지 아직 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ 'would'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:48
Hmm. An example that shows it can't be the past.
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흠. 과거일 수 μ—†μŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 예.
03:51
So I'm going to have to knock off a point from our past-o-meter.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 우리의 κ³Όκ±° λ―Έν„°μ—μ„œ ν•œ 점을 λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ €μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Before I leave you, one more thing to make you think.
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λ‚΄κ°€ 당신을 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 당신이 μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ ν•œ 가지 더.
03:58
As we've seen, 'will' is used for an intention,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³Έ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 'will'은
04:01
a plan, an idea to do something. So when we say:
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μ–΄λ–€ 일을 ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ˜λ„, κ³„νš, 아이디어에 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 말할 λ•Œ:
04:04
My car won't start!
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λ‚΄ μ°¨λŠ” μ‹œλ™μ΄ 걸리지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
04:06
Are we suggesting the car doesn't have the will to start,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžλ™μ°¨κ°€ μ‹œλ™μ„ κ±Έ μ˜μ§€κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
04:09
it has chosen not to start just to wind us up, just to make us angry?
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 우리λ₯Ό ν™”λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ €κ³  μ‹œλ™μ„ 걸지 μ•ŠκΈ°λ‘œ ν•œ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”? μ’Œμ ˆκ°μ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 무생물에 μΈκ°„μ˜ 완고함을
04:21
It may be we choose to give the human quality of stubbornness to
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λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 선택할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:24
an inanimate object as a way to express our frustration.
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04:28
Well, my car certainly is inanimate at the moment, and that is very frustrating.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 제 μ°¨λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 무생물이고 그것은 맀우 μ‹€λ§μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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