The art of conversation - 6 Minute English

313,002 views ใƒป 2022-11-24

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:09
BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Sam.
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BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ืกืื.
00:11
And Iโ€™m Neil.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
Recently I met up with an old school
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื™ืง ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
00:14
friend who I hadnโ€™t seen for years.
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ืฉืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:16
We talked for hoursโ€ฆ
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืฉืขื•ืช...
00:18
It sounds like you had a good chinwag โ€“
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ื ืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืฆ'ื™ื ื•ื•ืื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ -
00:21
a long and pleasant conversation between friends,
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:24
which is great because in this programme
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
00:26
weโ€™re talking about talking. Weโ€™llย  be discussing conservations โ€“
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื. ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ -
00:30
the exchange of ideas, thoughts and feelings
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ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
00:33
that happens when people talk to each other.
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
00:35
And as usual weโ€™ll be learning
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ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื ืœืžื“
00:38
some new vocabulary as well.
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ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ.
00:39
With the rise of Twitter and social media,
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ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
00:42
which encourages us to give our opinion
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ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•
00:44
on a subject without always listening in return,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”,
00:46
some think the art of conversation is being lost.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“.
00:50
But luckily, there are still millions of us who
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื
00:54
love to talk, chat, chinwag and chatter away.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืคื˜ืคื˜, ืœืคื˜ืคื˜ ื•ืœืคื˜ืคื˜.
00:57
In fact, in 2012 a competition in Latvia broke
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘-2012 ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืจื”
01:02
the world record for the longest telephone
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ืืช ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:04
conversation. So, Neil, my question is this:
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. ืื–, ื ื™ืœ, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื:
01:08
how long did this record-breakingย  conversation last? Was it:
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ื”ื–ื• ? ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”:
01:12
a) 24 hours and 4 minutes?
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ื) 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•-4 ื“ืงื•ืช?
01:15
b) 54 hours and 4 minutes? or,
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ื‘) 54 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•-4 ื“ืงื•ืช? ืื•,
01:19
c) 84 hours and 4 minutes?
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ื’) 84 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•-4 ื“ืงื•ืช?
01:22
Hmmm, Iโ€™ll guess a) 24 hours and 4 minutes,
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ื”ืžืž, ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื) 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•-4 ื“ืงื•ืช,
01:26
after which they probably fell asleep!
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ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื ืจื“ืžื•!
01:28
OK, Neil, Iโ€™ll reveal the correct answer later
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ืื ื™ ืื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
01:31
in the programme. During a long career, DJ
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื”,
01:34
and BBC radio presenter, Nihal Arthanayake,
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ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ DJ ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”-BBC, Nihal Arthanayake,
01:37
has had conversations with hundreds of people.
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ื ื™ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:40
Now heโ€™s used these experiences to write a book
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ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ
01:43
entitled, โ€˜Let's Talk: Howย  to Have Better Conversationsโ€™.
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ื‘ืฉื 'ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ: ืื™ืš ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ'.
01:47
Here Nihal tells another radio presenter,
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ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื ื™ื”ืืœ ืœืžื’ื™ืฉ ืจื“ื™ื• ืื—ืจ,
01:50
Michael Rosen, of BBC Radio 4โ€™s, Word of Mouth,
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ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ, ืž-BBC Radio 4, ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ,
01:53
about the influence of his mother who
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžื• ืฉื’ื
01:56
also loved talking to peopleย  in her job as a nurse:
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ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื›ืื—ื•ืช:
01:59
Well, it gave me the sense that you are enriched
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืขืฉืจ
02:04
by listening. And this was of course, pre-social
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ึทืงืฉืึธื‘ึธื”. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื“ื™ื” ืคืจื”-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
02:07
media which has of course encouraged us to
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ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื“ื“ื” ืื•ืชื ื•
02:10
project - to transmit - more than receive.
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ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ - ืœืฉื“ืจ - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ.
02:13
So it meant that I guess I was conscious of
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืข
02:16
experiences of others, and wanted to try and
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ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช
02:20
understand them. Also, partially, Michael,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ืžื™ื™ืงืœ,
02:23
it was a survival instinct because I was a little
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™
02:26
brown boy in a predominantly white school,
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ื™ืœื“ ื—ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ,
02:29
a state school in the 1980s.
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ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80.
02:31
For Nihal, good conversation involves listening
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ื”ืืœ, ืฉื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”
02:34
as much as speaking. By listening we find out
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื
02:37
things about the person we are talking to which,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ืชื• ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ
02:40
in turn, help us understand ourselves.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
02:43
This is why Nihal says weย  are enriched by listening โ€“
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉ-Nihal ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” -
02:47
we are improved by having something else added.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
02:50
As a British Asian boy growingย  up in a white community,
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ื›ื™ืœื“ ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื”,
02:54
Nihal also thinks conversation was a way for him
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ื ื™ื”ืืœ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื•
02:57
to make friends and find protection. He says
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ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื“ื“ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•,
03:00
having conversations was a survival instinct -
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ืงื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™ -
03:04
the human instinct to do something in a dangerous
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ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
03:07
situation that will keep them safe from harm.
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื’ื™ืขื”.
03:10
Nihal sees an important difference between
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ื ื™ื”ืืœ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:12
โ€˜listening simply to replyโ€™,ย  and โ€˜listening to understandโ€™.
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'ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘' ืœื‘ื™ืŸ 'ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ'.
03:16
When we โ€˜listen to replyโ€™, we are thinking about
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• 'ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”', ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ
03:19
the next thing we want to say more than trying
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช
03:22
to understand the other personโ€™s point of view.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื—ืจ.
03:24
โ€˜Listening to understandโ€™, on the other hand,
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'ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ', ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
03:27
helps build bridges - improve relationships
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ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื - ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
03:30
between people who are very different
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
03:32
or do not like each other.
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ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:34
Hereโ€™s Nihal again in conversation
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ื”ื ื” ื ื™ื”ืืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”
03:36
with BBC Radio 4โ€™s, Word of Mouth:
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ืขื ืจื“ื™ื• 4 ืฉืœ ื”-BBC, ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ:
03:39
So conversation can build bridges,
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ืื– ืฉื™ื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื,
03:42
and it is proven through history that
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื— ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ
03:45
conversation has, and that conversation
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ืœืฉื™ื—ื”, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ
03:47
can be seen as an art form, and that's one
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื›ืฆื•ืจืช ืืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื”
03:49
of the things that I want us to understand โ€“
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -
03:51
it's not just tittle tattle,ย  it's not just shouting
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืฆืขื•ืง
03:56
at each other on social media, it's not two
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ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื ื™
03:58
politicians talking over each other.
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:00
Good conversation brings people together,
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:03
unlike tittle-tattle - talkย  about other people's lives
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ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืงืฉืงื•ืฉ - ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
04:07
that is usually unkind, disapproving, or untrue.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื, ืœื ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
04:11
And good conversation involves taking turns,
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ื•ืฉื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืคื•ืช,
04:14
not talking over someoneย  โ€“ trying to silence people
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ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• - ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื
04:17
by talking more loudly, forcefully,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื›ื•ื—
04:20
and persistently than them.
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ื•ื‘ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ืžื”ื.
04:22
Hopefully, Nihalโ€™s tips can help us all have
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื ื”ืœ
04:25
better conversations, encounter new ideas and
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ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ
04:28
make friends. So, Sam, didย  you do any of these things
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื–, ืกื, ื”ืื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:31
when you met up with your old school friend?
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ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืš ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ?
04:33
I think so. We both listened to each other,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš. ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื”ืงืฉื‘ื ื• ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
04:36
there was no tittle-tattleย  but a little bit of gossip.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืงื•ืฉ ืืœื ืงืฆืช ืจื›ื™ืœื•ืช.
04:39
Before we knew it a couple of hours had passed -
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ื–ืืช ื—ืœืคื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช -
04:42
but not as much time as those record-breaking
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืžื•
04:45
telephone conservations I mentioned earlier.
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื.
04:48
Ah yes, in your question you asked how long
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืืœืชืš ืฉืืœืช ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ
04:51
the worldโ€™s longest telephone conversation lasted.
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ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:54
It guessed it was an incredible
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ื–ื” ื ื™ื—ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”
04:56
24 hours and 4 minutesโ€ฆ was I right?
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24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•-4 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช... ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
04:58
Well, Neil, Iโ€™m afraid that wasโ€ฆ the wrong answer.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”... ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื”.
05:02
In fact, the record-breaking conversation lasted
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื”
05:06
54 hours and 4 minutes - about the same as
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54 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•-4 ื“ืงื•ืช - ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืžื•
05:10
540 programmes of 6 Minute English!
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540 ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช!
05:13
Wow! OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary weโ€™ve
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ื•ื•ืื•! ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
05:17
learned from this programme on the art of
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ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช
05:19
good conversations, starting with chinwag โ€“
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฆ'ื™ื ื•ื•ืื’ -
05:22
a long and pleasant conversation between friends.
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:25
When something is enriched, itโ€™s improved
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ื›ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืขืฉืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืคืจ
05:28
by having something else added to it.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
05:30
The survival instinct is the basic instinct in
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ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืืฆืœ
05:33
humans and animals to do something in a
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
05:36
dangerous situation that will keep them alive.
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:38
If you build bridges, you improve relationships
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ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื’ืฉืจื™ื, ืืชื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
05:41
between people who are very
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“
05:43
different or do not like each other.
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:44
Tittle-tattle is talk about other people's lives
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ืงืฉืงื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
05:48
that is usually unkind, disapproving, or untrue.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื, ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
05:50
And finally, if you talk over someone, you silence
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืืชื” ืžืฉืชื™ืง
05:54
or drown them out by talkingย  more loudly than them.
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ืื• ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื•.
05:57
Thatโ€™s the end of our conversation, but remember
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ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืจ
06:00
to join us soon for more trending topics
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ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื’ืžืชื™ื™ื
06:03
and useful vocabulary. Bye for now!
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ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:05
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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