Climate change: Are there too many people? - 6 Minute English

582,206 views ใƒป 2023-01-19

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:06
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:08
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:10
I'm Neil.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:11
And I'm Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:12
We're talking about the environment
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
00:13
in this programme, specifically climate change.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
00:16
Now, Sam, what do you think is
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืกืื, ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชืš
00:19
the biggest cause of climate change?
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื?
00:21
An obvious answer would be that
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื”
00:22
climate change is the result of
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ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ
00:24
carbon emissions caused by humans.
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ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
00:27
It's about people's carbon footprint โ€“
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื -
00:29
the measurement of how much carbon
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•
00:31
dioxide is produced by someone's
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ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžื•ืคืง
00:33
everyday activities.
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ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
00:34
That makes sense.
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
00:36
But recently some
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืžื”
00:37
scientists, especially in the west,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘,
00:39
have been focusing on another issue:
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ืจ:
00:41
the increasing number of people
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
00:43
in the world, something known as
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื”
00:45
overpopulation.
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ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
00:46
In this programme,
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
00:47
we'll be discussing the controversial
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ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
00:49
link between overpopulation and
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื™ืชืจ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™
00:51
climate change.
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ืืงืœื™ื.
00:53
And as usual
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ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ
00:54
we'll be learning some new
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ื ืœืžื“
00:55
vocabulary, as well.
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ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ.
00:56
Sounds good, Neil, but first I
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ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื
00:58
have a question for you.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš.
01:00
Over the last 100 years,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 100 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:02
within one lifetime, the world's
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ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืช,
01:04
population has soared.
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื–ื™ื ืงื”.
01:06
At the
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช
01:07
start of the 20th century,
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ื”ืžืื” ื”-20
01:08
it was around one-and-a-half billion,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™,
01:10
but how many people are there
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ
01:12
in the world today?
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื?
01:14
Is it:
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ื”ืื ื–ื”:
01:15
a) seven billion?
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ื) ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“?
01:16
b) eight billion?
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ื‘) ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“?
01:18
or c) nine billion?
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ืื• ื’) ืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“?
01:20
I'll say around eight
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“
01:22
billion people live on the planet today.
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ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:24
OK, Neil, I'll reveal the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ืื ื™ ืื’ืœื” ืืช
01:26
answer later in the programme.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:28
Since climate change is caused
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื ื’ืจืžื™ื
01:30
by human activities, it seems
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื ืจืื”
01:31
common sense that fewer people
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ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื
01:34
would mean lower carbon emissions.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:36
But in fact the connection isn't
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื
01:38
so simple.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜.
01:39
Not everyone emits
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ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื
01:40
carbon equally, and people in
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื
01:42
the western world produce far
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”
01:44
more than people in sub-Saharan
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”
01:46
Africa or Asia.
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ืื• ื‘ืืกื™ื”.
01:48
Arvind Ravikumar is professor of
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ืืจื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ืžืืจ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ
01:50
climate policy at the University
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช
01:52
of Texas.
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ื˜ืงืกืก.
01:53
He's made the
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช
01:54
surprising calculation that
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ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืฉื ื™
01:55
an extra two billion people born
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื•
01:58
in low-consuming countries,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
02:00
would actually add very little
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“
02:01
to global carbon emissions.
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ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
02:03
Here, Kate Lamble and Neal Razzell,
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ื›ืืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœืžื‘ืœ ื•ื ื™ืœ ืจื–ืืœ,
02:05
presenters of BBC World Service programme,
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ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ BBC World Service,
02:08
The Climate Question, discuss
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ืฉืืœืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื“ื ื™ื
02:09
Professor Ravikumar's findings.
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ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ืžืืจ.
02:12
What he's saying is kind of
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื™
02:13
astonishing, right?
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:14
Two billion
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ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
02:15
people is, to say the least,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ื”, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื”,
02:17
a lot.
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ื”ืจื‘ื”.
02:18
It's the combined population
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ื–ื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช
02:19
of Europe and Africa.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
02:21
He's crunched the numbers and
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืœื”
02:22
found that an extra two billion
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ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
02:24
low-income people as defined by
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
02:26
the World Bank, these are people
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ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื
02:27
without cars, without electricity
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ืœืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืœื ื—ืฉืžืœ
02:28
often, would see global emissions
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืจืื• ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
02:30
rise by just 1.5%.
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ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 1.5% ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:32
Add two billion high-income earners
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ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
02:35
- that's people with cars and
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- ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
02:37
power and all the mod cons,
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ื•ื›ื•ื— ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:39
and Arvind reckons emissions
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ื•ืืจื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช
02:40
would rise by more than 60%.
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ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-60%.
02:42
So when it comes to climate change
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ืื– ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
02:44
and population, where you were
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ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืคื”
02:45
born matters.
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ื ื•ืœื“ืช.
02:47
Professor Ravikumar made his discovery
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ืžืืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•
02:49
after crunching the numbers,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื,
02:50
an idiom meaning performing many
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ื ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข
02:53
mathematical calculations involving
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ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื
02:55
large amounts of data.
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
02:57
He concluded that whereas two billion
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
02:59
low-income people would increase carbon
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช
03:01
levels very little, two billion
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ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
03:04
high-income people would increase
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœื•
03:05
it a lot.
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ืื•ืชื” ืžืื•ื“.
03:07
That's because high-income
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
03:08
populations have mod cons, which is short
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ื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ
03:11
for 'modern conveniences': technology
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ืฉืœ 'ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช': ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
03:14
and machines like cars, fridges
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ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืงืจืจื™ื
03:17
and air-conditioning that make life
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ื•ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
03:19
easier and more pleasant.
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ืงืœื™ื ื•ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:21
According to this view, the
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื•,
03:22
real problem is not overpopulation
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื™ืชืจื”
03:24
but overconsumption.
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ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืชืจ.
03:27
Affluence โ€“ that's having
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ืฉืคืข - ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ
03:28
lots of money and owning many things,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
03:30
has become a big factor in climate change,
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ื”ืคืš ืœื’ื•ืจื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
03:33
and that's true in poorer countries
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:35
as well as richer ones.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:37
Listen to Rajesh Joshi, reporter
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ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืœืจืื’'ืฉ ื’'ื•ืฉื™, ื›ืชื‘
03:39
for BBC World Service's, The Climate
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ืฉืœ BBC World Service's, The Climate
03:41
Question, interviewing a rich
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Question, ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ
03:43
Indian housewife, Priti Dhagan,
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ืขืงืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ,
03:45
in her luxurious home in New Delhi.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื“ืœื”ื™.
03:47
I need everything that I buy.
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื”.
03:50
You cannot be judgmental about
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ื™
03:52
anybody's needs, and I derive a
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ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืื‘
03:55
lot of happiness out of being very,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ืžื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“
03:58
very drawn towards consumer things,
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ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžืฉืš ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื™ื,
04:01
and I love it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:02
And I'm not
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื
04:03
apologetic about it.
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ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:04
So if I tell you that poor
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ืื– ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš
04:06
people have a smaller carbon
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ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:09
footprint as compared to their
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”
04:10
richer counterparts, do you feel
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ืœืขืžื™ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ
04:12
apologetic about it?
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ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš?
04:14
So the brain says yes, we should
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ืื– ื”ืžื•ื— ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
04:15
be apologetic about it, but the heart
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ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื‘
04:17
does not agree.
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ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื.
04:18
Yes, poor can't
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ื›ืŸ, ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
04:20
afford lots of stuff so their
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ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื–
04:22
carbon imprint is small, but here
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ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืงื˜ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ
04:24
my heart wins over my brain
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ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ ืžื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™
04:27
because it gives me happiness.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืื•ืฉืจ.
04:29
Priti does not feel apologetic
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ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืชื ืฆืœืช
04:30
about her shopping โ€“ she doesn't
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” - ื”ื™ื ืœื
04:32
think that she should feel sorry.
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ.
04:35
Shopping makes her happy and she
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ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื™ื
04:36
lets her heart rule her head โ€“
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ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืืฉื” -
04:39
an idiom meaning that you do
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ื ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”
04:40
something based on emotions
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
04:42
rather than reason.
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ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
04:43
Priti is being very honest.
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ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื›ื ื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:45
She is consuming and looking for
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ืช ื•ืžื—ืคืฉืช
04:47
happiness in a way that people
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ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
04:49
in the west have been doing for decades.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
04:51
It seems overconsumption is
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ื
04:53
a bigger cause of climate change
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ื’ื•ืจื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
04:55
than raw population numbers.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื™ื. ืื ื›ื‘ืจ
04:57
Speaking of which...
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”...
04:59
what was
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
05:00
the answer to your question, Sam?
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชืš, ืกืื?
05:01
Ah yes, I asked about the
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืขืœ
05:03
current global population.
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช.
05:05
You guessed it was around eight billion
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ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
05:07
people which was... the correct answer!
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”... ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”!
05:10
According to the United Nations,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช,
05:12
the world's population reached eight
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืžื•ื ื”
05:14
billion on November 15, 2022.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘-15 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2022.
05:17
Right, let's recap the
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ
05:19
vocabulary we've learned,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•,
05:20
staring with carbon footprint โ€“
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ื‘ื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช โ€“
05:22
a measurement of how much carbon
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ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืคื—ืžืŸ
05:24
dioxide someone's activities produce.
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ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
05:26
If you crunch numbers, you perform
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืฅ ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืืชื” ืžื‘ืฆืข
05:28
many mathematical calculations involving
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ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื
05:31
large amounts of data.
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
05:32
Mod cons is short for 'modern conveniences'
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Mod cons ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ 'ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช'
05:35
- machines like cars, washing-machines,
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- ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”
05:38
and fridges which make life easier
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ื•ืžืงืจืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงืœื™ื ื•ื ืขื™ืžื™ื
05:40
and more pleasant.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:41
Affluence means having lots
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ืฉืคืข ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง
05:43
of money or material possessions.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื™.
05:45
If you are apologetic, you show
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื ืฆืœ, ืืชื” ืžืจืื”
05:47
that you feel sorry for something
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ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื—ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:49
harmful you have said or done.
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ืžื–ื™ืง ืฉืืžืจืช ืื• ืขืฉื™ืช.
05:51
And finally, the idiom let your
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืชืช
05:53
heart rule your head means to do
186
353319
2171
ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืืฉืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
05:55
something based on emotion and personal
187
355490
2660
ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
05:58
desires rather than for logical or
188
358150
2510
ื•ืœื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื•
06:00
practical reasons.
189
360660
1990
ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช.
06:02
For now it's goodbye!
190
362650
1949
ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช!
06:04
Bye bye!
191
364599
2811
ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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