BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Dating and Relationships' English mega-class!

318,369 views ใƒป 2023-02-12

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:05
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:08
And I'm Dan.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื“ืŸ.
00:09
Now then, Dan, what do you think of dating apps - you know, apps on your
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื“ืŸ, ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช - ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš
00:13
phone that help you find a romantic partner?
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™?
00:16
I can't say I've ever used them myself. How about you?
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™. ืžื” ืื™ืชืš? ื’ื
00:20
Neither have I, but I've got friends who have, very successfully.
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ืื ื™ ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื”.
00:24
Lots of weddings.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
00:25
Oh great!
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ื”ื• ื ื”ื“ืจ!
00:27
Now, research shows that fewer
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ื›ืขืช, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืจืื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช
00:29
than 5% of people who have used
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ืž-5% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื•
00:31
dating apps, actually go out on
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ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื
00:33
a date with someone they met through them.
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ืœื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืคื’ืฉื• ื“ืจื›ื.
00:36
Weโ€™ll find out the reasons for this shortly, but first, a question.
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ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืฉืืœื”.
00:40
Even though dating apps are not used as much as we might
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื
00:43
think, they are still big business, but do you know how big?
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
00:47
Around the world last year how much was spent on them?
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืฆื ืขืœื™ื”ื? ื”ืื
00:51
Was it: a) less than half a billion dollars,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื) ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
00:54
b) between half a billion and a billion dollars, or
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ื‘) ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืื•
00:57
c) over a billion dollars? Any ideas, Dan?
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ื’) ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ? ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื“ืŸ?
01:01
Well, this is purely a guess, but letโ€™s say over a billion dollars.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืจืง ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื ื ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
01:07
Well, weโ€™ll have the answer at the end of the programme.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:10
Elizabeth Tinnemans is a researcher
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ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช ื˜ื™ื ืžื ืก ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช
01:12
who studied the use of a particular dating app.
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ืฉื—ืงืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
01:15
She spoke on the BBC's You and Yours radio programme on Radio 4. Her study confirmed that comparatively few
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื• You and Yours ืฉืœ ื”-BBC ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• 4. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื” ืื™ืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžืขื˜
01:22
people who used the app used it to arrange to meet up with someone.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
01:27
She talked about peopleโ€™s motives for using the app.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”.
01:30
Motives is a word which means โ€˜reasonsโ€™ - so what were those motives?
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ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” 'ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช' - ืื– ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื ืžื ื™ืขื™ื?
01:36
We found from all the people that we surveyed that only slightly
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกืงืจื ื• ืฉืจืง ืงืฆืช
01:40
more than half of them actually met up with someone.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
01:43
So it doesn't look like a lot of people
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
01:47
are using it to meet up but it
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”
01:49
makes sense because we also
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื’ื
01:50
looked at why they were using
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื•
01:52
a dating app and the most popular and most common motives were using it out of
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ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš
01:58
curiosity and using it to pass time or entertainment.
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ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ.
02:04
So they're not actively using these
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ
02:07
dating apps to meet people like
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•
02:10
swiping with friends is something
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
02:11
that happens fairly often, especially among millennials.
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ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื.
02:16
Tinnemans said that people use
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Tinnemans ืืžืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
02:18
the app to pass the time and simply for entertainment.
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ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ.
02:21
What other motives did she mention, Dan?
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ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื”, ื“ืŸ?
02:24
Well, she said that people used it out of curiosity.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
02:28
If you do something out of curiosity you're just interested
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ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ
02:32
in seeing what it is and what it does.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื–ื” ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
02:34
Maybe youโ€™ve heard about something
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
02:36
and although you donโ€™t want to
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
02:37
actually try it, you do want to see what itโ€™s all about.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืช, ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
02:42
For example, when I was travelling once, out of curiosity, I
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช,
02:46
went to see people bungee jumping,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื ื’'ื™,
02:48
but it was never something I was going to do myself.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
02:51
Was the lack of actual dating through the dating app a surprise?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืชื™ืข?
02:55
No, she said that because they
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ืœื, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื
02:57
looked at the motives, the result makes sense.
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ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
03:01
When something makes sense, itโ€™s understandable,
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ื›ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
03:04
itโ€™s not surprising.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข.
03:06
There is another view as to why
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžื“ื•ืข
03:08
people are not using dating apps for actual dating.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
03:12
This is Zoe Strimpel, who is a dating historian.
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ื–ื• ื–ื•ืื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืคืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:16
She argues that because there is so much choice
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ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื—ืจ
03:18
and so many opportunities to find a
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ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื
03:20
partner through an app, it can make
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ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื“ืจืš ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš
03:22
the dating process unpleasant and people get tired of it.
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ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื ืขื™ื ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืืก ืžื–ื”.
03:27
People are being horribly disillusioned. I think people have also started to feel jaded.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื.
03:32
People are feeling that they're
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื
03:33
aware that these relationships are
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ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:34
often very callous and that's to do
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ
03:36
with the sort of incredible sense of choice.
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ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
03:38
She says that people feel disillusioned and jaded.
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื.
03:43
What does she mean?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช?
03:44
When you are disillusioned, it means you are unhappy with and
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื”
03:48
disappointed by something because it isnโ€™t as good as it used to be or itโ€™s not
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ื•ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืคืขื ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื
03:52
as good as you thought it was going to be.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
03:54
If you have many experiences like
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
03:56
that you become jaded which means
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ืืชื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขื™ื™ืฃ ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ
03:59
you become bored and lose interest in something.
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ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชืขืžื ื•ืžืื‘ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
04:02
She also commented that the dating experience can be callous.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื”.
04:06
This means that emotionally it can be
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
04:08
very tough and you have to be ready
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ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ
04:10
to accept rejection or to reject people
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื
04:13
yourself and this is not always done in the kindest way.
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ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:18
Hereโ€™s Zoe Strimpel again.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื•ืื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืคืœ.
04:20
People are being horribly disillusioned.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช.
04:22
I think people have also started to feel jaded.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื.
04:25
People are feeling that they're
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื
04:26
aware that these relationships are
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ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:28
often very callous and that's to do with
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ
04:30
the sort of incredible sense of choice.
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ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
04:32
โ€จ OK. Time to review todayโ€™s vocabulary,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
04:35
but first, letโ€™s have the answer to the quiz question.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
04:38
I asked how much was spent on dating apps last year.
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืฆื ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”. ื”ืื
04:41
Was it: a) less than half a billion dollars,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื) ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
04:44
b) between half a billion and a
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ื‘) ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
04:46
billion dollars, or c) over a billion dollars?
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ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืื• ื’) ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ?
04:49
Dan, you said?
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ื“ืŸ, ืืžืจืช?
04:50
I said c) over a billion dollars.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ื’) ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
04:53
Well, the total was just under
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืž
04:55
600 million dollars, so the correct answer
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-600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืื– ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
04:58
was b) between half a billion and a billion dollars.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘) ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
05:01
Good guess if you got that one right!
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ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื”ื‘ื ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ!
05:03
Right, now it's time to recap todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:07
Our first word was motives.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื ื™ืขื™ื.
05:09
A motive is your reason for doing something.
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ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:12
If something makes sense, it's
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื–ื•
05:13
not a surprise and you can understand it.
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ืœื ื”ืคืชืขื” ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
05:16
The next phrase was out of curiosity.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
05:19
This is when you do something for
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ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•
05:20
no particular reason other than you
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ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืืชื”
05:22
are interested in seeing it or trying it.
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ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
05:24
Then had disillusioned.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื”.
05:26
This is a feeling you get when something
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ื–ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:29
isnโ€™t as good as it used to be or as
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ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืคืขื ืื•
05:31
good as you expected it to be and
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ืืชื”
05:33
you become disappointed by it.
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ืžืชืื›ื–ื‘ ืžื–ื”.
05:35
And that can lead to your being
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
05:36
jaded, which is a feeling of
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ืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืฉื–ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ
05:38
dissatisfaction and boredom with
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืขืžื•ื
05:40
something that has been going on for a while.
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ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
05:42
And finally there was callous - an
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ื— - ืฉื
05:45
adjective which means uncaring and cold-hearted.
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ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื—ืกืจ ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืจ ืœื‘.
05:48
Well, I hope you arenโ€™t disillusioned
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘
05:50
with 6 Minute English and will join
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ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจืฃ
05:52
us again next time. In the meantime,
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ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื,
05:54
find bbclearningenglish online
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ืžืฆื ืืช bbclearningenglish ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
05:56
and on social media and on our
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ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:58
own app โ€“ and before you ask, itโ€™s not a dating app!
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ื•ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• - ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ, ื–ื• ืœื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช!
06:02
Bye for now.
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
06:03
Bye bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
06:09
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
06:12
And I'm Rob.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
06:13
Now Rob, Can you complete this
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจื•ื‘, ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช
06:15
saying: โ€œLove and marriage go together like โ€ฆ.โ€
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ื”ืืžืจื” ื”ื–ื•: "ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืžื•...."
06:19
Love and marriage go together like ...
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ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืžื•...
06:22
like a horse and carriage!
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ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืก ื•ืขื’ืœื”!
06:24
Thatโ€™s right, and when was the
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืชื™ ื‘ืคืขื
06:26
last time you saw a horse and carriage?
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ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืจืื™ืช ืกื•ืก ื•ืขื’ืœื”?
06:28
Well, that would have been quite a
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”
06:30
while ago โ€“ they are quite rare these days.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ - ื”ื ื“ื™ ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
06:33
Not an everyday sight.
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ืœื ืžืจืื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
06:34
Indeed. And according to recent statistics, marriage in the UK is
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ืื›ืŸ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื’ื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
06:38
getting rarer too.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:40
Not as rare as seeing a horse and carriage, but
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ืœื ื ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืกื•ืก ื•ืขื’ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ
06:42
the numbers are falling.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื.
06:44
Before we look at this topic in a bit more detail,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜,
06:46
a little quiz for our listeners.
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ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:49
Yes, according to UKโ€™s Office for National Statistics, how many
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ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื›ืžื”
06:53
opposite-sex marriages were there in 2015?
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ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘-2015?
06:57
Was it: a) 239,000, b) 309,000, or c) 339,000?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื) 239,000, ื‘) 309,000, ืื• ื’) 339,000?
07:04
Any idea, Neil?
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืœ?
07:05
I have no idea but I'm going to have a guess and I'm going to say a) 239,000.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื) 239,000.
07:14
OK. Well, weโ€™ll reveal the answer a little later in this programme.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•.
07:17
And whatever the correct number, the trend is downwards.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”.
07:20
Year on year there are fewer opposite-sex couples getting married in the UK.
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ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
07:25
So, why might this be?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
07:26
Are we falling out of love with marriage?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื?
07:29
Letโ€™s hear from a couple of people with different views.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ืžื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:32
First, hereโ€™s Tom from BBC Learning English - what
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ื” ื˜ื•ื ืž-BBC ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช - ืžื”
07:35
doesnโ€™t he like about the idea or concept of getting married?
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ?
07:39
I'm not that enthusiastic about the idea of marriage, to tell you the truth.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชืœื”ื‘ ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
07:45
I think it's a bit of an archaic concept these days and
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืืจื›ืื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
07:49
I'm a bit of a commitment phobe โ€“ I don't like the idea of
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ื•ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช - ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
07:53
signing a piece of paper that says I have to be with someone
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ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
07:56
for the rest of my life and can never escape from that person
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”
08:00
I suppose โ€“ although I am in a
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- ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช
08:02
very happy relationship at the moment.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืจื’ืข.
08:04
So that was Tom there.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื ืฉื.
08:06
Not a fan of marriage.
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ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.
08:08
But what were his objections, Neil?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื ื™ืœ?
08:10
Well, he described marriage as an archaic concept.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื•ืฉื’ ืืจื›ืื™.
08:13
When someone describes something as archaic they
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชืืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืืจื›ืื™ ื”ื•ื
08:16
think it is very old fashioned, out of date โ€“ belonging to a different time.
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ, ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ - ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช.
08:21
So that was one of his problems
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
08:23
with marriage, but he also said
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ืขื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืืžืจ
08:25
that he was a commitment phobe.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:27
The suffix phobe means someone who is afraid of something.
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ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืคื•ื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืคื—ื“ ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
08:31
In some cases it can also be used as a
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื
08:33
standalone word, but it means the same.
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ื›ืžื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
08:36
So a commitment phobe is
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ืื– ืคื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื
08:37
someone who is afraid of, or doesnโ€™t like the idea of commitment.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืคื—ื“ ืื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:41
And when talking about relationships, commitment
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช
08:44
means being with one person and giving up the idea of
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
08:47
being free to do whatever you want and see whoever
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื™
08:50
you want romantically.
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ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™.
08:52
So for commitment phobes, commitment means losing something.
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ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืื‘ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•.
08:56
But thatโ€™s not true for everyone.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
08:57
Hereโ€™s Dan, also from BBC Learning English.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ืŸ, ื’ื ืž-BBC ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
09:00
Whatโ€™s his view of marriage?
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื?
09:01
In general, I think it's quite good.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:03
It has a very stabilising effect on society and it
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื
09:07
declares publicly to the world that you have found
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ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืฆืืช ืืช
09:12
the right person for you and that you're in a committed relationship.
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื•ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช.
09:15
So Dan is a fan.
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ืื– ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื™ืฅ.
09:17
He thinks marriage has a stabilising effect on society.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
09:21
He sees marriage as being good for society as a whole - it
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” - ื”ื
09:24
makes society stronger, more stable.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:27
And he also sees it as a way to say to everyone that
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ
09:30
you have a strong relationship, you
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ืœืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื–ืงื”,
09:32
are with the one person you love.
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ืืชื” ืขื ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘.
09:34
So for Dan, commitment and
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ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืŸ, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช
09:36
being in a committed relationship is a good thing.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:39
Now, back to our question at the top of the programme.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉืืœืชื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
09:42
I asked: how many opposite-sex couples got married in the UK in 2015?
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ืฉืืœืชื™: ื›ืžื” ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื‘-2015?
09:47
And I took a guess, didn't I, and I said a) 239,000.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ื) 239,000.
09:53
Am I right?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง?
09:54
You are definitely right.
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ืืชื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฆื•ื“ืง.
09:55
The answer is 239,000 or 239,020 to be precise.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื 239,000 ืื• 239,020 ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง.
10:02
That figure was 3.4% lower than 2014.
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ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื‘-3.4% ืžืฉื ืช 2014.
10:05
So what do relationship experts think
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ืื– ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
10:07
is the reason fewer people are getting married?
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื?
10:10
Well there could be lots of reasons. In some countries
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
10:13
the way society is changing means that there is less pressure
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ
10:16
to get married or stay married.
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ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื ืฉื•ื™.
10:18
As a result, there are more divorces.
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ.
10:20
So perhaps children of
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
10:21
divorced parents are less likely to get married themselves.
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ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
10:25
Right, well before we go, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary we highlighted today.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืœืš, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื’ืฉื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:30
The first word was trend.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื’ืžื”.
10:32
A trend is the direction that something is changing over time.
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ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:36
When it comes to marriage, the trend is for fewer marriages.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.
10:39
And the trend for 6 Minute
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ื•ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช
10:40
listeners is the opposite, going up,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”, ืขื•ืœื”,
10:42
particularly when you are presenting, Neil
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื’, ื ื™ืœ
10:45
Ah, thatโ€™s very nice of you, youโ€™re very kind.
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ืื”, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืฆื™ื“ืš, ืืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื“ื™ื‘.
10:47
The next two words were an archaic concept.
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืืจื›ืื™.
10:50
Archaic is an adjective for something dated or old-fashioned.
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ืืจื›ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ.
10:54
A bit like your fashion sense!
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœืš!
10:56
Ah Rob, just when I was beginning to like you!
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ืื” ืจื•ื‘, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชืš!
10:59
Sorry about that, you know I donโ€™t mean it.
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ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื”.
11:01
In the interview, archaic was used to describe
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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืจื›ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ
11:04
the concept of marriage, not your fashion sense.
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ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืฉืœืš.
11:07
Concept is another word for an idea or belief.
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ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืืžื•ื ื”.
11:10
So an archaic concept is an old-fashioned idea.
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ืื– ืžื•ืฉื’ ืืจื›ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ.
11:13
Our next expression was commitment phobe.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
11:16
We use this phrase to talk about
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
11:18
someone who is scared of the idea of a long-term relationship
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—
11:22
because they see it as giving up some freedoms.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.
11:24
You're obviously a compliment phobe!
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ืืชื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืคื•ื‘ ืžื—ืžืื”!
11:27
Youโ€™re afraid of saying nice things about someone so you
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ืืชื” ืžืคื—ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื– ืืชื”
11:29
always say something nasty as well!
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื’ืขื™ืœ!
11:32
I said I was sorry.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ.
11:34
And finally we had the adjective stabilising.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘.
11:37
Something that is stable is strong and
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืฉื”ื•
11:39
something that makes something
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•
11:41
strong can be described as stabilising.
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ื—ื–ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืืจ ื›ื™ื™ืฆื‘.
11:43
Dan expressed his belief that marriage had a stabilising effect on society.
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ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
11:48
Well, that's it for this programme.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
11:50
For more, find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
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ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ, ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื
11:53
and our YouTube pages, and of course our website at
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ื•ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช
11:56
bbclearningenglish.com where
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bbclearningenglish.com ืฉื‘ื•
11:58
you can find all kinds of other activities, videos and quizzes
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื
12:02
and things to help you improve your English.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
12:05
Thanks for joining us and goodbye!
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช!
12:06
Bye bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
12:13
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช.
12:15
I'm Dan and joining me today is Neil.
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ืื ื™ ื“ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืœ.
12:17
Hi Neil.
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ื”ื™ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
12:18
Hi there, Dan.
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ืฉืœื•ื ืœืš, ื“ืŸ.
12:19
You're a married man, Neil.
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ืืชื” ื’ื‘ืจ ื ืฉื•ื™, ื ื™ืœ.
12:20
When you were wed, did your wife change her family name?
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ืช, ืืฉืชืš ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”?
12:23
Yes she did.
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ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ.
12:24
Was that her choice?
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”?
12:25
Oh yes, yes.
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ.
12:26
She didn't like her old name, so for her it was a win-win.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” win-win.
12:30
How about you?
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ืžื” ืื™ืชืš?
12:31
Well, my wife wanted to keep
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืฉืชื™ ืจืฆืชื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ
12:33
her surname, but was forced to adopt mine because that
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ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ื™ ื–ื”
12:36
was the law where we got married.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืชื ื•.
12:38
Would you have thought about taking her name?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืฉืžื”? ืขืœ
12:41
That's what we're talking about in this 6 Minute English.
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ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช.
12:44
A husband taking a wife's name after marriage.
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ื‘ืขืœ ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื ืื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
12:48
All that, six related words and our quiz question.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืฉืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
12:51
OK. Let's have the question.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”.
12:53
In which country has it been forbidden since 1789 for a
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืื– 1789 ืขืœ
12:57
citizen to change their name legally, even after marriage?
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ืื–ืจื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ?
13:02
Is it: a) Japan, b) France, or c) Turkey?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) ื™ืคืŸ, ื‘) ืฆืจืคืช, ืื• ื’) ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”?
13:06
I'm going to go for b) France.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื‘) ืฆืจืคืช.
13:09
And we'll see if you're right later.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืื โ€‹โ€‹ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:11
Now, traditionally in the UK, when a man and a woman get
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ืฉื”
13:15
married, the woman takes the man's family name.
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ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ.
13:18
And this replaces her maiden name.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”.
13:21
A maiden name is the surname
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ืฉื ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
13:23
a woman had before she was married.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืฉืื”.
13:25
Now, this all dates back to the Norman invasion of
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ื›ืขืช, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืืจืš ืœืคืœื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื•ืจืžื ื™ืช
13:27
England, back in 1066.
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ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1066.
13:30
They introduced the idea that when
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ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ
13:32
a woman married a man, she became his property.
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ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉื•.
13:35
Now, as a result of this, she took his name.
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ื›ืขืช, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ืฉืžื•.
13:39
These days, many women elect to keep their maiden name
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ
13:42
upon marriage or combine it with their new
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ืขื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื–ื” ืฉืœ
13:45
husband's in some way, sometimes by making
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ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช
13:48
the name double-barrelled.
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ื”ืฉื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืงื ื”.
13:50
A double-barrelled name is two names that are
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ืฉื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช
13:53
connected by a hyphen, such as Jones-Smith.
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ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฃ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืก-ืกืžื™ืช'.
13:55
However, a growing number of couples in western culture
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช
13:59
are doing it differently.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืื—ืจืช.
14:01
When they get married, the husband
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืขืœ
14:03
elects to take the wife's surname.
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ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”.
14:05
In a BBC article about surnames and marriage, Rory Dearlove,
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ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”-BBC ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ืจื•ืจื™ ื“ื™ืจืœื™ื‘,
14:10
formerly Rory Cook, talks about
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ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื•ืจื™ ืงื•ืง, ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
14:12
why he decided to take his wife's surname.
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•.
14:15
He said that he wasn't really attached to his name anyway.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•.
14:18
To him it didn't make any difference.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื• ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื” ื›ืœื•ื.
14:20
Well, he's not alone.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
14:21
A recent study of 2000 UK adults by
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ 2000 ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
14:25
Opinium, a strategic insight agency, suggested that one
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Opinium, ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช, ื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉืื—ื“
14:29
in ten millennial men, currently
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ืžื›ืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ื
14:32
between 18 and 34 years old, fall into this category.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 18 ืœ-34, ื ื›ื ืก ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื•.
14:36
Charlie Shaw, a Tibetan Buddhist
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ืฆ'ืจืœื™ ืฉื•,
14:38
meditation instructor, who took his wife's name when they
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ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ืช, ืฉืœืงื— ืืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื• ื›ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”
14:41
married last year, said that it was an opportunity to
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
14:44
acknowledge the unseen patriarchal bias and sexism in our society.
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื•ื‘ืกืงืกื™ื–ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
14:49
Patriarchal means 'controlled by men' and a bias
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ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• 'ื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื' ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื”
14:52
is the unfair support or opposition to a person, thing or idea.
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ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ืœืื“ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
14:59
Many traditional societies were patriarchal.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
15:01
But modern UK society is less like that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•.
15:04
Everyone is meant to be equal.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
15:07
Ah yes, but that's the unseen part.
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”.
15:10
And there's the social view of things too.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
15:13
Rachel Robnett, a researcher at the University of
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ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื ื˜, ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช
15:16
Nevada surveyed a number of people in the US and UK, and
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ื ื‘ืื“ื” ืกืงืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
15:21
found that the husbands of women who keep their maiden
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ื•ืžืฆืื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ
15:24
names are viewed as 'feminine',
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ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืขื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื›"ื ืฉื™ื™ื",
15:27
while the women are believed to 'wear the trousers'.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื "ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื". '.
15:30
If you 'wear the trousers' in a relationship, it means you 'have the control and make
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ืื ืืชื” 'ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื' ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืงื‘ืœืช
15:35
the decisions for both people'.
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื'.
15:37
I wondered about that, so I went out into London and
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ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื– ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืืœืชื™
15:40
asked people what they thought about a man who took his
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉืœืงื— ืืช
15:44
wife's name when they got married.
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ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื• ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื•.
15:46
Here's what they said.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืืžืจื•.
15:48
I don't think it's a bad idea at all.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
15:50
My dad's 55 and he took my mother's surname.
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืŸ 55 ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื™.
15:52
If people want to do it, then all the power to them.
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ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ื.
15:55
It's each to their own really.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•.
15:58
It doesn't hurt anybody.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
15:59
And it's no different from a
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื ื”
16:00
woman taking a man's name.
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ืžืื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฉื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ.
16:01
The only reason I think that anybody should take someone
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช
16:05
else's surname if just for the creation of a family unit.
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ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.
16:08
But if it's just out of principle, I don't agree.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื.
16:12
It seems that the people I talked
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™
16:14
to are comfortable with the idea.
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ืื™ืชื ื ื•ื— ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
16:15
Yes. Most said that people are free to do what they want.
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ื›ืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
16:19
One woman even mentioned the creation of a family unit.
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ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.
16:22
A unit is a group of people living or working together.
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
16:26
A typical family unit would be two parents and some children.
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ืชื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
16:30
Well, that answers that question.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
16:32
People don't seem to mind who takes who's name.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืžื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžื™. ืื
16:34
Speaking of questions.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช.
16:36
How about our quiz question?
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ืžื” ื“ืขืชืš ืขืœ ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•?
16:37
I asked you in which country it's been forbidden
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืกื•ืจ
16:40
since 1789 for a citizen to
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ืžืื– 1789 ืœืื–ืจื—
16:43
change their name legally, even after marriage.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
16:47
A) Japan, b) France, or c) Turkey?
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ื) ื™ืคืŸ, ื‘) ืฆืจืคืช, ืื• ื’) ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”?
16:50
And I said b) France.
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘) ืฆืจืคืช.
16:52
And you were spot on as usual, Neil.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื ื™ืœ.
16:55
Let's take a look at the vocabulary, shall we?
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
16:57
First we had maiden name.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืฉื ื ืขื•ืจื™ื.
16:59
This is a woman's family name before she is married.
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ื–ื” ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื”.
17:03
My mother refused to give up her maiden name to my
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ืืžื™ ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื ืขื•ืจื™ื” ืœืื‘ื™
17:05
father when she got married.
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื”.
17:07
Then we had double-barrelled.
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงื ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ.
17:08
A double-barrelled name is two names that are joined by a hyphen.
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ืฉื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืงืฃ.
17:12
Can you think of any famous examples?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช?
17:14
Well, there's the Duchess of
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช
17:15
Cornwall Camilla Parker-Bowles for one.
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ืžืงื•ืจื ื•ื•ืœ ืงืžื™ืœื” ืคืจืงืจ-ื‘ื•ืœืก ืื—ืช.
17:18
She's married to Prince Charles โ€“ next in line to the English throne.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื ืกื™ืš ืฆ'ืืจืœืก - ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืœื›ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™.
17:22
Then we had patriarchal.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœ.
17:24
If something is patriarchal, it is controlled by men.
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™, ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
17:27
The feminine equivalent is matriarchal, controlled by women.
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ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ืช, ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื.
17:31
Then we had bias.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ื˜ื™ื”.
17:33
A bias is unfair support or opposition to a person, thing or idea.
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ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ืœืื“ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
17:38
Many fans are biased in favour of their football team.
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ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
17:41
Then we had wear the trousers.
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ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื.
17:44
If you wear the trousers, you have the control and make the
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืงื‘ืœืช
17:47
decisions for both people.
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
17:49
Do you wear the trousers in your marriage, Neil?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืš, ื ื™ืœ?
17:52
Oh, we both wear the trousers in my marriage, thank you Dan.
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ืื”, ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื“ืŸ.
17:55
Then we had unit.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
17:57
A unit is a group of people living or working together.
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
18:00
Like the BBC Learning English teamโ€ฆ or unit!
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English... ืื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”!
18:04
And that's the end of this 6 Minute English.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
18:06
Don't forget to checkout our Facebook, Twitter,
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื“ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
18:08
Instagram and YouTube pages.
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ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื ื•ื”-YouTube ืฉืœื ื•.
18:10
And we'll see you next time.
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ื•ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
18:11
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
18:12
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
18:18
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Catherine.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœ-6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ.
18:21
And I'm Neil.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
18:22
Now, Neil, you're a dad, aren't you?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื™ืœ, ืืชื” ืื‘ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
18:24
I am a dad.
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ืื ื™ ืื‘ื.
18:25
How did you know?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื“ืขืช?
18:26
Is it the grey hair in my beard?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืืคื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืœื™?
18:28
Is it the wrinkles around the eyes?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ืงืžื˜ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื?
18:30
I thought that was just your age.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœืš.
18:31
Well, yes, maybe.In today's programme, we're going to
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
18:34
be talking about fathers and how being a father has changed over the years.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
18:39
But before we hear more about this topic, our question for the day.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื.
18:43
According to recent research in the UK, what
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ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื™ื–ื”
18:45
percentage of men are present when their children are born?
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ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื?
18:49
Is itโ€ฆ a) 55%, b) 75%, or, c) 95%?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”... ื) 55%, ื‘) 75%, ืื•, ื’) 95%?
18:55
What do you think?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘?
18:56
I think a lot of men these days like to see their children born.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื.
19:00
It's not culturally inappropriate so, I'm going to go for 95%.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ 95%.
19:05
Well, we'll find out if you're right at the end of the programme.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื’ืœื” ืื ืืชื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
19:08
Now, Dr Anna Machin is an evolutionary anthropologist.
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ื›ืขืช, ื“"ืจ ืื ื” ืžืฆ'ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
19:12
She studies, among other things,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ,
19:14
how human behaviour has changed and is changing.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื•ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
19:18
She's written a book called The Life of Dad.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื™ื™ ืื‘ื".
19:21
She's been studying new fathers and
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžื“ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื”
19:22
spoke about her research on the
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื”
19:24
BBC's Woman's Hour programme.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช 'ืฉืขืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”' ืฉืœ ื”-BBC.
19:26
She asked why men want to become fathers.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืœืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช.
19:29
She starts by saying that there are lots of
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ
19:31
reasons but how many does she mention in her answer?
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ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื”?
19:35
There's lots of different reasons why men want to be fathers...
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช...
19:38
for some of them it's just a stage in life they've reached.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื•. ื™ืฉ
19:41
They've got the house, they've got the
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ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช
19:42
job, now it's time to have a family.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
19:43
Sometimes they admit that actually they're not that keen, but
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ
19:47
their partner wants a baby, so they're kinda going along with it.
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ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืื– ื”ื ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
19:49
And a reasonable number actually
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฆื
19:52
say they do it because they want to undo what their father did to
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฉื”
19:55
them, so rewrite history in relation
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ืœื”ื, ืื– ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก
19:57
to fathers and the experience of fathering, to be a better father than their father was.
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ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื”ื.
20:03
How many reasons does she mention?
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ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื”?
20:05
She mentioned three reasons.
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
20:07
The first was that it was that time in life โ€“ the guys had a
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื - ืœื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ื™ื”
20:11
home and a job and having children was the thing to do next.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
20:15
Another reason was that it was what their partners wanted, even
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ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืจืฆื•, ื’ื
20:18
if they weren't that keen themselves.
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
20:21
If you're not keen on something it means you are 'not enthusiastic
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืชืœื”ื‘ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” 'ืœื ืžืชืœื”ื‘
20:24
about it', it's not really something
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ืžื–ื”', ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื”ื•
20:26
you want to do, but because it's what their partner wants they
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ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื
20:30
agree to it, or as Dr Machin said, they're going along with it.
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ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื–ื”, ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื“"ืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืืžืจ, ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”.
20:34
Yes, going along with something,
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ื›ืŸ, ืœืœื›ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื•,
20:36
is a phrase that means 'agreeing
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• 'ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื
20:38
to do' something even though you don't really want to do it.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช' ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
20:42
It's interesting that Dr Machin said that some men admit to this.
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื“"ืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
20:46
To admit to something is to 'say or agree that
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ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื–ื” "ืœื•ืžืจ ืื• ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื
20:49
something is true even if you're perhaps ashamed of it or you
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื• ืฉืืชื”
20:53
don't want it to be true'.
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ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ".
20:55
There was one more reason she mentioned and that was that
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืง
20:57
some men become parents because they want to be a better
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ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
21:00
father than their own father had been.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื”ื.
21:03
Letโ€™s listen again.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘.
21:05
There's lots of different reasons why men want to be fathers ...
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช...
21:08
for some of them it's just a stage in life they've reached.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื•. ื™ืฉ
21:11
They've got the house, they've
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ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
21:12
got the job, now it's time to have a family.
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ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
21:14
Sometimes they admit that actually they're not that keen, but their partner
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื
21:17
wants a baby, so they're kinda going along with it.
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ืจื•ืฆื” ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืื– ื”ื ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
21:20
And a reasonable number actually say they do it because they
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื
21:23
want to undo what their father
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื”ื
21:25
did to them, so rewrite history in relation to fathers and the
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ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื, ืื– ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ืช
21:28
experience of fathering, to be a better father than their father was.
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื”ื.
21:32
So what is it about some father's own dads that they didn't like?
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืื‘ื ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืื”ื‘ื•?
21:36
Here's Dr Machin again.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื“"ืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ.
21:38
Well, in some cases, you know, the
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
21:41
father would be neglectful, some
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ื”ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื ื™ื—, ื—ืœืง
21:43
fathers were absent and others
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ืžื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื
21:45
they just felt they were a very, I suppose, we'd say a 1950s
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ื ืื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื
21:48
father so distant, disciplinarian not actually involved in their
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ืื‘ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘
21:52
child's daily life and certainly not involved in their care.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื. ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
21:55
So today's generation fathers, even in the 10 years that I've been
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ืื– ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื™
21:58
studying dads we've seen a massive evolution in how hands-on fathers are.
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ืœื•ืžื“ ืื‘ื•ืช ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืช.
22:03
She talks there about some negative characteristics associated with dads in the past.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
22:08
She suggests that some fathers didn't have a very close relationship with their
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืขื
22:12
sons, they were absent which means they weren't at home a
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ื‘ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื ื ืขื“ืจื• ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
22:15
lot and 'didn't spend time' with their children.
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ื•'ืœื ื‘ื™ืœื•' ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
22:17
Yes, and some fathers were seen as a disciplinarian.
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื ืชืคืกื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ื.
22:21
That describes someone whose main communication
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ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื•
22:24
with their children was to give them strict rules and tell them
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ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื
22:28
off or punish them if they did something wrong.
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ืื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ืื ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
22:31
These days, according to Dr Machin, fathers are much more hands-on.
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“"ืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื.
22:34
This phrase means they are 'much more involved' with their
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื 'ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื' ืขื
22:37
children and share bringing up their children with their partners.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื.
22:40
And talking of sharing, Neil, come on โ€“ it's time to tell me
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ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ื ื™ืœ, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš - ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™
22:43
the answer to today's question.
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ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
22:45
Yes, indeed. According to recent research in the UK, what
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ืื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืžื”
22:48
is the percentage of fathers who are there when their children are born?
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ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื? ื”ืื
22:52
Was it 55%, 75% or 95%?
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” 55%, 75% ืื• 95%?
22:56
And I said a very optimistic 95%.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ 95% ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
23:00
Being optimistic is good obviously because you are correct.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง.
23:03
That's fantastic!
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ื–ื” ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™!
23:05
And now, for something else fantastic, our review of today's vocabularyโ€ฆ
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ ืื—ืจ, ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื...
23:10
We started off with admit to for when you say something is true,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
23:14
even if it might make you look a little bit bad.
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ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืจืข.
23:18
And before we go on I have to admit, Neil, that it
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื ื™ืœ, ืฉื–ื”
23:20
was me who ate your biscuit.
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ืื ื™ ืฉืื›ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืฉืœืš.
23:22
Which one?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื?
23:23
The one that you left on the desk.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉืืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
23:24
That's all right.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
23:26
I wasn't really keen on it anyway.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ืชื™ ืžื–ื”.
23:28
It had been on the floor.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”.
23:29
What? Yuck!
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ืžื”? ืื™ื›ืก!
23:30
Yeah, well, it serves you right!
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืฉืจืช ืื•ืชืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ!
23:32
And to be keen on something
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ื•ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘ ืžืžืฉื”ื•
23:33
is our next phrase, meaning 'being very interested in and
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘
23:37
enthusiastic about' something.
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ืžืžื ื•'.
23:39
Then we had to go along with something.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ืžืฉื”ื•.
23:41
This is when you agree to do something even if you are not keen on it.
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ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืชืœื”ื‘ ืžืžื ื•.
23:46
An absent father is one who is not at home to spend time with his children.
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ืื‘ ื ืขื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื•.
23:50
And some fathers are disciplinarians.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ื™ื. "
23:54
They 'have strict rules and they give out punishments' but these
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื", ืื‘ืœ
23:57
days more fathers are hands-on which means they are
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื
24:00
'very much involved' in looking after and bringing up their children.
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"ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื" ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
24:04
Well, that's all we have time for today.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
24:06
Join us again next time and
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ื•ื–ื›ืจื•
24:07
remember you can find us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
24:10
YouTube and of course our
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ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
24:12
website bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• bbclearningenglish.com.
24:14
See you soon. Goodbye!
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ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘. ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
24:15
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
24:22
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Dan.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื“ืŸ.
24:25
And hello, I'm Rob.
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ื•ื”ืœื•, ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
24:27
In today's programme, we're going to be looking at what our
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื”
24:29
brains are doing when we are using dating apps.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
24:33
Now, Rob, have you ever used a dating app?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจื•ื‘, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืช ืคืขื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช?
24:36
No way, I would never use one.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื—ื“.
24:38
Hmm, so Rob, can you explain, when talking about dating apps,
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ื”ืžืž, ืื– ืจื•ื‘, ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
24:42
what we mean by swipe left and swipe right?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืœื’ืœื™ืง ืฉืžืืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื™ืžื™ื ื”?
24:45
Ah, yes. These are not new words but technology has given them new meaning.
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ืื” ื›ืŸ. ืืœื• ืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
24:50
To swipe is the movement of your finger on a
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ื”ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื™ื ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœืš
24:53
smartphone to change the screen you're looking at.
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ื‘ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืš ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ.
24:56
So imagine turning the page in a book, well, on a phone, you swipe.
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ืื– ืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืฃ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ืง.
25:01
In some dating apps, they show you pictures of people you might find attractive.
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ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืš ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื.
25:05
If you do like them, you swipe right.
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ืื ืืชื” ื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ืง ื™ืžื™ื ื”.
25:07
If you don't like them, you swipe left.
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ืง ืฉืžืืœื”.
25:09
We will dig deeper into this topic shortly, but first, a question.
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ื ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืฉืืœื”.
25:13
In the UK, approximately how many marriages start with the couple meeting online?
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
25:19
Is it: a) One in three, b) One in four, or, c) One in five?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ื‘) ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข, ืื•, ื’) ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”?
25:25
What do you think?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘?
25:27
Well, all of those seem quite high to me, so I'm
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื ืจืื™ื ืœื™ ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืื– ืื ื™
25:30
going to guess in the middle, one in four.
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ื—ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข.
25:32
Well, we'll find out if you're right later in the programme.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื’ืœื” ืื ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
25:36
Now, Alice Gray is a science communicator and blogger.
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ื›ืขืช, ืืœื™ืก ื’ืจื™ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ืช.
25:40
Recently she was a guest on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืืจื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช Woman's Hour ืฉืœ BBC Radio 4
25:44
programme and she was asked about what goes on
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
25:47
in our brains when we use dating apps compared to
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ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช
25:51
when we meet people in real life.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
25:53
What difference does she say there is?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ?
25:55
It's very easy to think that just with these instantaneous
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ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืจืง ืขื
25:58
swipe left, swipe right, that the process in our brain of
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ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืžืืœื”, ื”ื—ืœืงื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ
26:02
how we pick out a suitable mate would be very different,
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“,
26:04
when actually it's really similar to how we do it in person.
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ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.
26:08
So she says that what goes on in our brains is actually very similar.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“.
26:13
Online we make decisions very quickly about who we like.
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.
26:17
These decisions are almost immediate - she used the adjective instantaneous for this.
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช - ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื›ืš.
26:22
So, we make these instantaneous decisions then
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ืื–
26:26
choose to swipe left or swipe right.
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ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืฉืžืืœื” ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื™ืžื™ื ื”.
26:29
In real life, we do the same thing.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
26:31
We know almost immediately when we see
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
26:33
someone if we find them attractive or not.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฉืš ืื• ืœื.
26:36
Although of course in digital dating, one you've
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช, ืื—ื“
26:38
swiped left you will never see that person again and you won't have the chance to meet.
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ืฉื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžืžื ื•, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ.
26:44
In the real world you could meet someone you don't find attractive
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืžื•ืฉืš
26:47
instantaneously and then get to
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื•ืื–
26:49
know them and find that you do quite like them.
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื•.
26:52
Yes, that is true, but then possibly they won't like you.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืœื ื™ืื”ื‘ื• ืื•ืชืš.
26:56
And then you have to deal with rejection.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”.
26:59
Rejection is when someone doesn't find you attractive
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ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืื•ืชืš ืžื•ืฉืš
27:02
and they don't want to spend time with you or get to know you.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืื™ืชืš ืื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš.
27:05
So what's the difference in our brains between online
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ
27:09
rejection and real life rejection?
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ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื?
27:12
Here's Alice Gray again.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืก ื’ืจื™ื™.
27:14
We see that a lot of the patterns associated with
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื
27:18
rejection in real life and rejection on dating apps
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ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช
27:22
are similar, just the exposure to the rate of the amount of
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ื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ืจืง ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ืช
27:26
rejection you get on dating apps is a lot higher than the ones in real life.
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ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
27:31
So in real life you'll have time to, sort of, compute
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ืื– ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืœื—ืฉื‘
27:33
the rejection, get over it a little bit,
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ืืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”, ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืงืฆืช,
27:35
and dust yourself off and get on with it.
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ืง ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื–ื”.
27:37
Whereas the rate of rejection
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”
27:39
on dating apps is so high it's often hard to cope with
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ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื
27:42
one coming in after another.
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ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
27:44
So, she says that our brain's response to real life and online
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ืื–, ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœื“ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
27:48
rejection is quite similar, but in the digital world you can be rejected many more times.
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ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื.
27:54
In real life you have a bit more time to recover from the
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”
27:57
rejection, to get over it, as she says.
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, ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช.
28:00
You can dust yourself off which is a way of saying
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžืš ืื‘ืง ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ
28:03
you think positively to make yourself feel better - imagine falling over on the ground,
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ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืฆืžืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
28:09
when you get up, you might be covered
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืงื, ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื”
28:11
in dust and dirt, you need to dust
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ื‘ืื‘ืง ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืงื•ืช
28:14
yourself off to make yourself ready again, before you carry on.
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ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืฆืžืš ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืžืฉื™ืš.
28:17
In the online world though, you don't have that time.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
28:21
Online dating apps can lead to many rejections
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ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
28:24
and psychologically that can be difficult to manage.
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ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ.
28:28
Another way of saying 'difficult to manage' is difficult to cope with.
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืงืฉื” ืœื ื”ืœ' ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื”.
28:32
Well, we don't want you to reject us, so time now to give you the
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื“ื—ื” ืื•ืชื ื•, ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืชืช ืœืš ืืช
28:36
answer to that quiz question before a recap of today's vocabulary.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
28:40
I asked: in the UK, approximately how many
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ืฉืืœืชื™: ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื›ืžื”
28:44
marriages start with the couple meeting online?
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ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
28:47
Is it: a) One in three, b) One in four, or c) One in five?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ื‘) ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข, ืื• ื’) ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”?
28:52
Hmmm, so I said b) one in four โ€“ 25%.
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ื”ืžืž, ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘) ืื—ื“ ืœืืจื‘ืข โ€“ 25%.
28:56
Was I right?
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ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
28:57
Sorry, Rob, the answer is a), one in three.
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืจื•ื‘, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื), ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
29:00
Does that surprise you?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชืš?
29:01
Yes, it does, I didn't think it would be that high.
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
29:04
It's the sign of the times, Rob.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืจื•ื‘.
29:06
Digital world โ€“ digital dating!
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ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ - ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช!
29:08
Let's have a look at that vocabulary.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื”.
29:09
OK, well, we started with the verb to swipe.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง.
29:13
The movement of our finger on smartphone or
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ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื”ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืื•
29:15
tablet screen to indicate whether we like someone or not.
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ื”ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื• ืœื.
29:19
Swipe right for like, swipe left if you don't like.
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื™ืžื™ื ื” ืœืื”ื‘ืชื™, ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืžืืœื” ืื ืœื ืื”ื‘ืช.
29:22
Our decisions on whether we find someone attractive or not are often instantaneous.
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฉืš ืื• ืœื ื”ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.
29:27
This adjective means immediate, at once.
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ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช.
29:31
Rejection is when you let someone know that you are
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ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื”
29:33
not interested in them, you don't want to be romantically involved with them.
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ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืื™ืชื•.
29:38
If you are rejected you might need some time to feel better,
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ืื ื ื“ื—ืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื–ื“ืงืง ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
29:41
and for this you can use the phrasal verb get over.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ.
29:44
It can take some time to get over a rejection.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”.
29:48
Yeah, I know!
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ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข!
29:49
Being positive and optimistic after a rejection can be described as dusting yourself off.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจ ื›ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืื‘ืง.
29:55
But, having many rejections can be difficult to cope with, which means it can be difficult to
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ืื‘ืœ, ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื”
30:00
manage, difficult to keep positive.
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ืœื ื”ืœ, ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
30:02
Well, we hope you don't swipe
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœื ืชื—ืœื™ืง
30:04
left on this programme and you will join us again next time.
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ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
30:06
Remember you can find us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,
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ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
30:09
YouTube and of course our
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ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
30:11
website bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• bbclearningenglish.com.
30:13
And don't forget our new BBC Learning English app.
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช BBC Learning English ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•.
30:17
Oh good idea. See you soon.
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ืื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
30:19
Bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™.
30:20
Bye bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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