The dark side of leadership

14,696 views ใƒป 2022-02-08

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:02
This man promised his followers the world...
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื...
00:05
then led them to their deaths.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ืžื•ืชื.
00:08
This man was once part of a cult's inner circle
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืช
00:11
and now works to prevent others from doing the same.
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
00:15
I went from Stephen Hassan, who was a college student writing poetry,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืžืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจื”,
00:20
and I became a right-wing fascist.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืคืฉื™ืกื˜ ื™ืžื ื™.
00:23
We look at what happens when leadership turns bad
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ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืจืขื”
00:26
and how to avoid becoming caught up in a cult.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœื›ืช.
00:33
Port Kaituma, Guyana:
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ืคื•ืจื˜ ืงืื™ื˜ื•ืžื”, ื’ื™ืื ื”:
00:36
in 1978, 918 people died here
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1978 ืžืชื• ื›ืืŸ
00:40
and in the country's capital.
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” 918 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
00:43
This is Jim Jones, an American religious leader.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื•ื ืก, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื“ืชื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
00:47
He founded an organisation called the People's Temple in the US.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื " ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืขื" ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
00:52
He took many of his followers to Guyana,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื’ื™ืื ื”,
00:55
building a settlement called Jonestown, near Port Kaituma.
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ื‘ื ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื’'ื•ื ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ, ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืจื˜ ืงืื™ื˜ื•ืžื”.
01:00
Soon there were reports of beatings, disease and other abuse.
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ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•
01:05
Jim Jones' mental and physical health became worse.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื•ื ืก ื”ืคื›ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:10
November 18th, 1978:
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18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ, 1978:
01:13
temple members attacked a plane on this airstrip.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืชืงืคื• ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”.
01:17
It was carrying a team investigating Jonestown.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื—ืงืจ ืืช ื’'ื•ื ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ.
01:20
Five people died. Eleven were injured.
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•. 11 ื ืคืฆืขื•.
01:24
In Jonestown, the remaining cult members
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ื‘ื’'ื•ื ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื
01:27
drank or were forced to take poison.
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ืฉืชื• ืื• ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืงื—ืช ืจืขืœ.
01:30
Men, women, children and babies died.
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชื•.
01:35
This pattern has been repeated.
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ื“ืคื•ืก ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
01:37
Political leaders, like Kim Il-sung and Stalin,
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ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื ืื™ืœ-ืกื•ื ื’ ื•ืกื˜ืœื™ืŸ,
01:41
had cult-like followings and were responsible for many, many deaths.
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ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ื›ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช.
01:46
What gives a leader like this such control over their followers?
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ืžื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•?
01:54
A cult-type leader is typically someone
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
01:56
who claims to have all the answers needed
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ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช
01:58
to solve the world's problems and that includes
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ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช
02:01
whatever problems the individual they're attempting to recruit faces as well.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื’ื.
02:06
As a result of this, they demand absolute commitment from their followers
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
02:11
and encourage them to escalate their commitment to the group
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ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื”ืกืœื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
02:14
until a point is reached, where absolutely every waking moment,
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ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืขืจื•ืช,
02:17
and all the emotional, and intellectual,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื
02:19
and financial resources of the person concerned,
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ื•ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ,
02:22
are committed to and involved in the group.
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ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
02:25
Cult leaders like to claim to be able to solve the world's and your problems
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืชื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืœืš
02:30
and they want your complete devotion.
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ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœืš.
02:33
Cult leaders are not necessarily easy to spot.
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืชื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช.
02:36
At the beginning, they are approaching you in a friendly spirit:
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ื— ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช:
02:40
they claim to be offering just some interesting ideas about politics,
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ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
02:45
life, religion or whatever,
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ื—ื™ื™ื, ื“ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ,
02:48
and they will only become clearly cult leaders for most people
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืชื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืง
02:52
after a period of time, when the person concerned
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ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ
02:54
has already escalated their commitment to the group
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
02:57
beyond any point of reason.
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื”.
02:59
Cult leaders are not always easy to spot.
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ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืชื•ืช.
03:02
They can appear very friendly at first.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
03:06
Well, if we take Jim Jones as an example,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื•ื ืก ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
03:09
he staged miraculous faith healings,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ื ืจื™ืคื•ื™ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื,
03:11
in which he claimed people were being cured... cured of cancer,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ืจืคืื™ื... ื ืจืคืื™ื ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ,
03:15
that the blind could see and the crippled could walk,
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ืฉืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื›ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช,
03:18
but he didn't necessarily begin
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
03:21
to influence people by showing them these things.
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ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:23
At the beginning, most people wandered into
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื“ื• ืืœ
03:25
what seemed to be very warm and inviting church services,
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ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
03:29
where they felt welcomed in a way
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ืฉื ื”ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ
03:31
that many of them hadn't been welcomed before,
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื•ืจืง
03:33
and it was only after some period of time that they...
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ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื...
03:36
they then were exposed to these deceptive techniques to convince them
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ืื– ื”ื ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื
03:40
that Jones was a man with amazing powers beyond the norm.
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ืฉื’'ื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื•ืจืžื”.
03:44
Leaders like Jim Jones go to great lengths to welcome in new people.
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื•ื ืก ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:49
We can call this being 'love bombed'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืžื•ืคืฆืฆืช ืื”ื‘ื”'.
03:52
Most of us are vulnerable to the lure of cult leaders
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืชื•ืช
03:55
at various points in our lives,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
03:57
particularly after we have had some kind of stressful experience,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื”,
04:01
such as maybe going through a divorce or losing our jobs.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื• ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•.
04:04
For example, if you look at the Jonestown group,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’'ื•ื ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ,
04:07
many of the people who joined it had suffered from racist abuse
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื” ืกื‘ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช
04:11
in the past, which traumatised them.
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, ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื”ื ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”.
04:13
Many others were returning veterans of the Vietnam War,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื•ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื,
04:16
who were suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder
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ืฉืกื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืคืจืขืช ื“ื—ืง ืคื•ืกื˜-ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ืช
04:20
and were looking for some kind of idealistic community or group,
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ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
04:23
to which they could join and which would make them feel welcome.
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ืฉืืœื™ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื•ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื.
04:27
Leaders promising all the answers
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
04:29
can seem attractive when we are vulnerable.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
04:32
So, how can we recognise these leaders?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื”? ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
04:35
The first thing I think we need to do
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
04:37
is to require people making extraordinary claims
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ื”ื•ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ
04:41
to offer a great deal of evidence in support of them.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ.
04:44
Beyond that, if we think we are in an environment
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
04:46
where we're being subjected to pressures that we don't like,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื—ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
04:50
that are asking us to constantly escalate our commitment to those groups
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ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืกืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช
04:54
and where criticism of the leader is forbidden
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ื•ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืกื•ืจื”
04:57
or discouraged in various ways,
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ืื• ื ืจืชืขืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš,
04:59
it is best to try and get out of that environment as quickly as is possible.
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
05:03
If you are feeling controlled by someone else, it is best to leave.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘.
05:08
This isn't always easy to do,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
05:10
so try to get support from others if you can.
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ืื– ื ืกื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ.
05:16
Dr Stephen Hassan knows all about cults.
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ื“"ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืชื•ืช.
05:20
In the 1970s, he became a senior figure in the Unification Church โ€“
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ -
05:25
more commonly known as the Moonies.
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ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืก.
05:28
The Church was set up by a Korean called Sun Myung Moon.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื Sun Myung Moon.
05:32
He claimed to be God's messiah,
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
05:34
ย  but members were often cut off from their previous life,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืชืงื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
05:38
prevented from seeing family and friends.
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ื•ืžื ืขื• ืžื”ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:41
Steven now works to stop others from becoming a victim of cult leaders.
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืขืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื›ืชื•ืช.
05:47
My personality changed dramatically.
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ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
05:50
That's one of the tell-tale signs actually โ€“
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื -
05:53
of being in an authoritarian cult โ€“
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ืช -
05:56
is what we refer to as a radical personality change.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™.
06:00
So, I went from Steven Hassan, who was a college student writing poetry,
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ืื– ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืžืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจื”,
06:05
who had a ponytail and wore dungarees,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื•ืงื• ื•ืœื‘ืฉ ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช,
06:08
to a man with a short haircut, a three-piece suit
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ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืขื ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ืงืฆืจื”, ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื
06:14
and I became a right-wing fascist,
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ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืคืฉื™ืกื˜ ื™ืžื ื™,
06:17
essentially throwing out my poetry,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืืช ืฉืœื™. ืฉื™ืจื”,
06:20
cutting off from my family and friends
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ื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
06:22
because they raised concerns about my membership.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
06:25
So, Steven Hassan's personality
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ืื–, ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ
06:27
changed dramatically when he became a Moonie.
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ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืžื•ื ื™.
06:30
How did he view the leader, Sun Myung Moon?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ืกื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื•ืŸ?
06:34
So, it's very important to understand that
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ
06:37
I was already programmed to look at him
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ืชื•ื›ื ื ืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•
06:39
as the greatest man in human history,
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ื›ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
06:42
so naturally I had my... my blinders on already,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืืช... ื”ืกื ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ,
06:47
when I actually met with him and experienced him.
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ื›ืฉืžืžืฉ ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
06:52
I've heard many people see him speak and they'd say:
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•:
06:56
'He has no charisma. Like, how could you see anything in him?'
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'ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื”. ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืฉื”ื•?'
07:00
So, that's an interesting phenomenon that...
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ืื–, ื–ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉ...
07:03
that somebody who feels that
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืื“ื
07:05
the person's emanating great charisma and power,
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ืžืฉื“ืจ ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื”,
07:09
could leave somebody else completely dry.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
07:12
Steven admired Sun Myung Moon, but he had been programmed โ€“
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืืช ืกืืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืช -
07:16
or brainwashed โ€“ to be. Others saw him differently.
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ืื• ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืžื•ื— - ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื”. ืื—ืจื™ื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจืช.
07:20
How did this inform Steven's view of leadership?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข โ€‹โ€‹ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช?
07:24
First of all, I consider myself, before the Moonies, a...
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืก, ื›... ืชื•ืœืขืช
07:29
a bookworm introvert!
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ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื ืžืช!
07:32
When I got into the cult and I was pushed into leadership positions
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ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื›ืช ื•ื ื“ื—ืคืชื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
07:37
and recruiting strangers on street corners,
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ื•ื’ื™ื•ืก ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘,
07:40
I became very extroverted in my cult identity.
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
07:44
In fact, I was told to become a small Sun Myung Moon,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืกืืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ,
07:47
and think like him, and walk like him, and talk like him.
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ืœืœื›ืช ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•.
07:51
And when I got out of the cult, I didn't want any leadership;
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ื›ืช, ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช;
07:55
I didn't want to influence anybody and...
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ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื•...
08:00
and yet, I knew what I knew,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข,
08:03
and I knew that I had a contribution to help others.
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื.
08:07
Steven realised he had a leadership role to play
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื™
08:10
in preventing others from joining cults.
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ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ืช.
08:13
So, how does his leadership differ now?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
08:16
I want people to ask me questions
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช
08:19
and I answer honestly and responsibly,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
08:22
and often people will challenge me and say:
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืืชื’ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•:
08:25
'We don't agree with this point or that.'
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'ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื• ื”ื–ื•'.
08:28
And I think about it and if I realise they're right,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื,
08:31
I apologise and I change my point of view.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื™.
08:35
So, the key... the key is humility, I think.
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ืื–, ื”ืžืคืชื—... ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
08:40
Steven encourages people to challenge his views
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื•
08:43
and he is willing to change his mind.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื•.
08:46
So, how easy is it to fall for a cult these days?
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ืื–, ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?
08:50
Social media is intentionally
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
08:54
going to use information that's gathered about you,
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืืกืฃ ืขืœื™ืš,
08:58
from all of your activities, all...
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ื”ื›ืœ...
09:00
there are some 5,000 data points
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ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” 5,000 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
09:03
on every human being, I'm told โ€“
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื, ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ -
09:06
and these are going to be oriented in algorithms towards you.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ืš .
09:11
So, what I say is: you need to be really sceptical
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”: ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืกืงืคื˜ื™
09:16
and if you're curious about something,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืกืงืจืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”ื•,
09:19
really do a consumer-awareness approach โ€“
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ื‘ืืžืช ืชืขืฉื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ -
09:24
it's saying they're making this claim โ€“
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื–ืืช -
09:27
it sounds outrageous; I need outrageous level of proof.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™; ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืžื” ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”.
09:34
Be sceptical, or wary, of claims being made online
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ื”ื™ื• ืกืงืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจื•, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
09:38
and check them out thoroughly.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
09:44
So, people who make grand promises
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
09:47
and demand complete loyalty from you
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ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืžืš ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืœืื”,
09:49
are likely to be cult-like leaders.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ื›ืช.
09:52
Even online, question their claims, check their facts.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
09:56
If they are authentic, they won't mind.
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ืื ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ื.

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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