The dark side of leadership

14,490 views ・ 2022-02-08

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:02
This man promised his followers the world...
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이 λ‚¨μžλŠ” μΆ”μ’…μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 세상을 μ•½μ†ν•˜κ³ ...
00:05
then led them to their deaths.
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그듀을 죽음으둜 μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:08
This man was once part of a cult's inner circle
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이 λ‚¨μžλŠ” ν•œλ•Œ 컬트 λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ 일뢀
00:11
and now works to prevent others from doing the same.
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μ˜€μœΌλ©° μ§€κΈˆμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 같은 일을 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ„둝 λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
I went from Stephen Hassan, who was a college student writing poetry,
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ‹œλ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” λŒ€ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ Stephen Hassanμ—μ„œ
00:20
and I became a right-wing fascist.
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우읡 νŒŒμ‹œμŠ€νŠΈκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
We look at what happens when leadership turns bad
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 리더십이 λ‚˜λΉ μ§€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”μ§€
00:26
and how to avoid becoming caught up in a cult.
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, 그리고 μ»¬νŠΈμ— νœ˜λ§λ¦¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Port Kaituma, Guyana:
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포트 카이투마, κ°€μ΄μ•„λ‚˜
00:36
in 1978, 918 people died here
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: 1978λ…„ 이곳
00:40
and in the country's capital.
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κ³Ό 이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μˆ˜λ„μ—μ„œ 918λͺ…이 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
This is Jim Jones, an American religious leader.
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미ꡭ의 쒅ꡐ μ§€λ„μž 짐 μ‘΄μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
He founded an organisation called the People's Temple in the US.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ People's Templeμ΄λΌλŠ” 쑰직을 μ„€λ¦½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
He took many of his followers to Guyana,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μΆ”μ’…μžλ“€μ„ κ°€μ΄μ•„λ‚˜λ‘œ
00:55
building a settlement called Jonestown, near Port Kaituma.
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데렀가 포트 카이투마 κ·Όμ²˜μ— μ‘΄μŠ€νƒ€μš΄μ΄λΌλŠ” 정착지λ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
Soon there were reports of beatings, disease and other abuse.
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곧 ꡬ타, μ§ˆλ³‘ 및 기타 ν•™λŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 보고가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Jim Jones' mental and physical health became worse.
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Jim Jones의 μ •μ‹  및 신체 건강이 μ•…ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
November 18th, 1978:
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1978λ…„ 11μ›” 18일:
01:13
temple members attacked a plane on this airstrip.
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μ„±μ „ νšŒμ›λ“€μ΄ 이 ν™œμ£Όλ‘œμ—μ„œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
It was carrying a team investigating Jonestown.
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Jonestown을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” νŒ€μ„ νƒœμš°κ³ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:20
Five people died. Eleven were injured.
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5λͺ…이 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 11λͺ…이 λ‹€μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
In Jonestown, the remaining cult members
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Jonestownμ—μ„œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 컬트 ꡬ성원은
01:27
drank or were forced to take poison.
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μˆ μ„ λ§ˆμ‹œκ±°λ‚˜ 독을 먹도둝 κ°•μš”λ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
Men, women, children and babies died.
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남성, μ—¬μ„±, 어린이 및 μ•„κΈ°κ°€ μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
This pattern has been repeated.
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이 νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
Political leaders, like Kim Il-sung and Stalin,
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κΉ€μΌμ„±μ΄λ‚˜ μŠ€νƒˆλ¦°
01:41
had cult-like followings and were responsible for many, many deaths.
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κ³Ό 같은 μ •μΉ˜ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ 컬트 μΆ”μ’…μžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³  μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ£½μŒμ— μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
What gives a leader like this such control over their followers?
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이와 같은 리더 μ—κ²Œ μΆ”μ’…μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:54
A cult-type leader is typically someone
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컬트 μœ ν˜•μ˜ λ¦¬λ”λŠ” 일반적으둜
01:56
who claims to have all the answers needed
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01:58
to solve the world's problems and that includes
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  닡을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ©°, μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ”
02:01
whatever problems the individual they're attempting to recruit faces as well.
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그듀이 μ§λ©΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” 개인의 λ¬Έμ œλ„ 포함 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
As a result of this, they demand absolute commitment from their followers
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, 그듀은 μΆ”μ’…μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ ν—Œμ‹ μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
02:11
and encourage them to escalate their commitment to the group
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02:14
until a point is reached, where absolutely every waking moment,
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μ ˆλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨λ“  κΉ¨μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μˆœκ°„
02:17
and all the emotional, and intellectual,
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κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ •μ„œμ  , 지적
02:19
and financial resources of the person concerned,
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, μž¬μ •μ  μžμ› 이 μžˆλŠ” 지점에 도달할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 그룹에 λŒ€ν•œ ν—Œμ‹ μ„ ν™•λŒ€ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ²©λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ,
02:22
are committed to and involved in the group.
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그룹에 ν—Œμ‹ ν•˜κ³  μ°Έμ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Cult leaders like to claim to be able to solve the world's and your problems
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컬트 μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ 세상과 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 문제
02:30
and they want your complete devotion.
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λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ³  λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ™„μ „ν•œ ν—Œμ‹ μ„ μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
Cult leaders are not necessarily easy to spot.
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컬트 μ§€λ„μž λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ‰¬μš΄ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
At the beginning, they are approaching you in a friendly spirit:
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μ²˜μŒμ— 그듀은 μΉœκ·Όν•œ μ •μ‹ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
they claim to be offering just some interesting ideas about politics,
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그듀은 μ •μΉ˜, μ‚Ά, 쒅ꡐ 등에 λŒ€ν•œ ν₯미둜운 아이디어λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λ©° 일정 기간이 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄
02:45
life, religion or whatever,
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02:48
and they will only become clearly cult leaders for most people
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 컬트 μ§€λ„μžκ°€ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:52
after a period of time, when the person concerned
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. κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ‚¬λžŒ
02:54
has already escalated their commitment to the group
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은 이미 이유λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄ 그룹에 λŒ€ν•œ ν—Œμ‹ μ„ λ†’μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:57
beyond any point of reason.
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.
02:59
Cult leaders are not always easy to spot.
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컬트 μ§€λ„μž λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 항상 μ‰¬μš΄ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
They can appear very friendly at first.
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” 맀우 μΉœκ·Όν•˜κ²Œ 보일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:06
Well, if we take Jim Jones as an example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 짐 쑴슀 λ₯Ό 예둜 λ“€λ©΄
03:09
he staged miraculous faith healings,
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κ·ΈλŠ”
03:11
in which he claimed people were being cured... cured of cancer,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 치료되고 암이 치료되고
03:15
that the blind could see and the crippled could walk,
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μ†Œκ²½μ΄ λ³Ό 수 있고 μ ˆλ¦„λ°œμ΄κ°€ 걸을 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 기적적인 μ‹ μ•™ 치유λ₯Ό ν–‰
03:18
but he didn't necessarily begin
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ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
to influence people by showing them these things.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ—κ²Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€ŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ 영ν–₯을 미치기 μœ„ν•΄.
03:23
At the beginning, most people wandered into
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μ²˜μŒμ— λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€
03:25
what seemed to be very warm and inviting church services,
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은 맀우 λ”°λœ»ν•˜κ³  μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•˜λŠ” ꡐ회 예배둜 λ°©ν™©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
where they felt welcomed in a way
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ 그듀은
03:31
that many of them hadn't been welcomed before,
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κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이전에 ν™˜μ˜λ°›μ§€
03:33
and it was only after some period of time that they...
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λͺ»ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν™˜μ˜λ°›λŠ”λ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
they then were exposed to these deceptive techniques to convince them
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 그듀은
03:40
that Jones was a man with amazing powers beyond the norm.
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Jonesκ°€ ν‘œμ€€μ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ νž˜μ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌκ³  ν™•μ‹ μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기만적인 κΈ°μˆ μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Leaders like Jim Jones go to great lengths to welcome in new people.
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Jim Jones와 같은 리더 λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ ν™˜μ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ ₯을 κΈ°μšΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
We can call this being 'love bombed'.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 'μ‚¬λž‘ 폭격'이라고 λΆ€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Most of us are vulnerable to the lure of cult leaders
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우리 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
03:55
at various points in our lives,
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μ‚Άμ˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ,
03:57
particularly after we have had some kind of stressful experience,
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특히
04:01
such as maybe going through a divorce or losing our jobs.
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μ΄ν˜Όμ„ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 직μž₯을 μžƒλŠ” 것과 같은 μΌμ’…μ˜ μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€κ°€ λ§Žμ€ κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•œ 후에 컬트 μ§€λ„μžμ˜ μœ ν˜Ήμ— μ·¨μ•½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
For example, if you look at the Jonestown group,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ Jonestown 그룹에
04:07
many of the people who joined it had suffered from racist abuse
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κ°€μž…ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 과거에 인쒅 차별적 ν•™λŒ€λ₯Ό κ²ͺμ—ˆκ³  이둜 인해 좩격을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:11
in the past, which traumatised them.
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.
04:13
Many others were returning veterans of the Vietnam War,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:16
who were suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder
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외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ• λ₯Ό μ•“κ³ 
04:20
and were looking for some kind of idealistic community or group,
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있고 그듀이 κ°€μž…ν•  수 있고 ν™˜μ˜λ°›μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ μ΄μƒμ£Όμ˜μ  κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‚˜ κ·Έλ£Ή
04:23
to which they could join and which would make them feel welcome.
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을 μ°Ύκ³  있던 λ² νŠΈλ‚¨ μ „μŸ μ°Έμ „ μš©μ‚¬λ‘œ λŒμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:27
Leaders promising all the answers
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λͺ¨λ“  λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ μ•½μ†ν•˜λŠ” 리더
04:29
can seem attractive when we are vulnerable.
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λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ·¨μ•½ν•  λ•Œ 맀λ ₯적으둜 보일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
So, how can we recognise these leaders?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 리더λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:35
The first thing I think we need to do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  첫 번째 일은
04:37
is to require people making extraordinary claims
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ£Όμž₯
04:41
to offer a great deal of evidence in support of them.
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을 ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ—κ²Œ 그것을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 증거λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜λ„λ‘ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Beyond that, if we think we are in an environment
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κ·Έ 외에도
04:46
where we're being subjected to pressures that we don't like,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ••λ ₯을 λ°›κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각
04:50
that are asking us to constantly escalate our commitment to those groups
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되면 ν•΄λ‹Ή 그룹에 λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 ν—Œμ‹ μ„ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•λŒ€ν•˜λ„λ‘ μš”κ΅¬
04:54
and where criticism of the leader is forbidden
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ν•˜κ³  리더에 λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ΄
04:57
or discouraged in various ways,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ§€λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ–΅μ œλ˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ— μ²˜ν•΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 빨리
04:59
it is best to try and get out of that environment as quickly as is possible.
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ν•΄λ‹Ή ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이 κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:03
If you are feeling controlled by someone else, it is best to leave.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ ν†΅μ œλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  느끼면 λ– λ‚˜λŠ” 것이 κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
This isn't always easy to do,
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이것은 항상 μ‰¬μš΄ 일이
05:10
so try to get support from others if you can.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ―€λ‘œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 지원을 λ°›μœΌμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:16
Dr Stephen Hassan knows all about cults.
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Stephen Hassan 박사 λŠ” μ»¬νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
In the 1970s, he became a senior figure in the Unification Church –
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1970λ…„λŒ€μ— κ·ΈλŠ”
05:25
more commonly known as the Moonies.
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톡일ꡐ(Monies둜 더 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„)의 κ³ μœ„ 인사가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
The Church was set up by a Korean called Sun Myung Moon.
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κ΅νšŒλŠ” Sun Myung Moonμ΄λΌλŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ„€λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
He claimed to be God's messiah,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ μ‹ μ˜ λ©”μ‹œμ•„λΌκ³  μ£Όμž₯
05:34
Β  but members were often cut off from their previous life,
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ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ νšŒμ›λ“€μ€ μ’…μ’… 전생과 λ‹¨μ ˆλ˜μ–΄
05:38
prevented from seeing family and friends.
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κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό 친ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
Steven now works to stop others from becoming a victim of cult leaders.
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Steven은 이제 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 이 컬트 μ§€λ„μžμ˜ ν¬μƒμžκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것을 막기 μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
My personality changed dramatically.
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λ‚΄ 성격이 극적으둜 λ³€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κΆŒμœ„
05:50
That's one of the tell-tale signs actually –
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주의적 μ»¬νŠΈμ— 속해 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 징후 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
05:53
of being in an authoritarian cult –
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05:56
is what we refer to as a radical personality change.
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우리 κ°€ 급진적인 성격 변화라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
So, I went from Steven Hassan, who was a college student writing poetry,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ”
06:05
who had a ponytail and wore dungarees,
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ν¬λ‹ˆν…ŒμΌμ— 바지λ₯Ό μž…κ³  μ‹œλ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” λŒ€ν•™μƒ μŠ€ν‹°λΈ ν•˜μ‚°μ—μ„œ
06:08
to a man with a short haircut, a three-piece suit
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짧은 머리 에 μ“°λ¦¬ν”ΌμŠ€ 양볡을 μž…μ€ λ‚¨μžλ‘œ κ°”κ³ 
06:14
and I became a right-wing fascist,
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우읡 νŒŒμ‹œμŠ€νŠΈκ°€
06:17
essentially throwing out my poetry,
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λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
cutting off from my family and friends
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κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ λ‚΄ νšŒμ› μžκ²©μ— λŒ€ν•΄
06:22
because they raised concerns about my membership.
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우렀λ₯Ό μ œκΈ°ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:25
So, Steven Hassan's personality
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ Steven Hassan의 성격
06:27
changed dramatically when he became a Moonie.
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은 κ·Έκ°€ Moonieκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 극적으둜 λ³€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
How did he view the leader, Sun Myung Moon?
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§€λ„μž 인 Sun Myung Moon을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:34
So, it's very important to understand that
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
06:37
I was already programmed to look at him
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μ €λŠ” 이미
06:39
as the greatest man in human history,
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κ·Έλ₯Ό 인λ₯˜ 역사상 κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 인물 둜 보도둝 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
so naturally I had my... my blinders on already,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜κ³  κ·Έλ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ €λŠ” 이미 λˆˆκ°€λ¦¬κ°œλ₯Ό
06:47
when I actually met with him and experienced him.
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ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
I've heard many people see him speak and they'd say:
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 이 κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 보고
06:56
'He has no charisma. Like, how could you see anything in him?'
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'κ·ΈλŠ” μΉ΄λ¦¬μŠ€λ§ˆκ°€ μ—†λ‹€'κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έμ—κ²Œμ„œ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹ˆ?'
07:00
So, that's an interesting phenomenon that...
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07:03
that somebody who feels that
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07:05
the person's emanating great charisma and power,
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μΉ΄λ¦¬μŠ€λ§ˆμ™€ 힘
07:09
could leave somebody else completely dry.
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을 λ°œμ‚°ν•œλ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ κ±΄μ‘°ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은 ν₯미둜운 ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
Steven admired Sun Myung Moon, but he had been programmed –
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μŠ€ν‹°λΈμ€ 썬 미닝 문에 감탄 ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·ΈλŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨
07:16
or brainwashed – to be. Others saw him differently.
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λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ„Έλ‡Œ λ‹Ήν–ˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.
07:20
How did this inform Steven's view of leadership?
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이것은 지도λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ μŠ€ν‹°λΈμ˜ 견해에 μ–΄λ–€ β€‹β€‹μ˜ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:24
First of all, I consider myself, before the Moonies, a...
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μš°μ„ , λ‚˜λŠ” Moonies μ΄μ „μ˜ λ‚˜ μžμ‹ μ„
07:29
a bookworm introvert!
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... μ±…λ²Œλ ˆ 내성적이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
07:32
When I got into the cult and I was pushed into leadership positions
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λ‚΄κ°€ 사이비 ꡐ단에 듀어갔을 λ•Œ 리더십 μœ„μΉ˜λ‘œ λ°€λ €λ‚˜
07:37
and recruiting strangers on street corners,
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κΈΈλͺ¨ν‰μ΄μ—μ„œ λ‚―μ„  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
07:40
I became very extroverted in my cult identity.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ 컬트 정체성이 맀우 μ™Έν–₯적이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:44
In fact, I was told to become a small Sun Myung Moon,
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사싀, λ‚˜λŠ” μž‘μ€ νƒœμ–‘μ˜ 달이
07:47
and think like him, and walk like him, and talk like him.
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λ˜μ–΄ 그와 같이 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 와 같이 κ±·κ³  그와 같이 λ§ν•˜λΌλŠ” μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
And when I got out of the cult, I didn't want any leadership;
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그리고 μ»¬νŠΈμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ™”μ„ λ•Œ, λ‚˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 지도λ ₯도 μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
I didn't want to influence anybody and...
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λ‚˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œλ„ 영ν–₯을 미치고 싢지
08:00
and yet, I knew what I knew,
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μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ... ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‚΄κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
08:03
and I knew that I had a contribution to help others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
Steven realised he had a leadership role to play
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Steven은
08:10
in preventing others from joining cults.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 이 μ»¬νŠΈμ— κ°€μž…ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰λŠ” 데 리더십 역할을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
So, how does his leadership differ now?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ§€κΈˆ 그의 리더십은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯ΌκΉŒμš”?
08:16
I want people to ask me questions
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„
08:19
and I answer honestly and responsibly,
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ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜λŠ” 정직 ν•˜κ³  μ±…μž„κ° 있게 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
and often people will challenge me and say:
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그리고 μ’…μ’… μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 도전을 ν•˜κ³  μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
'We don't agree with this point or that.'
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것저것에 λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
08:28
And I think about it and if I realise they're right,
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그리고 λ‚˜λŠ” 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각 ν•˜κ³  그듀이 μ˜³λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
08:31
I apologise and I change my point of view.
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μ‚¬κ³Όν•˜κ³  λ‚΄ 관점을 λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
So, the key... the key is humility, I think.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 핡심은... 핡심은 겸손이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
Steven encourages people to challenge his views
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Steven은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 이 μžμ‹ μ˜ 견해에 λ„μ „ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ²©λ €ν•˜κ³ 
08:43
and he is willing to change his mind.
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기꺼이 λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ°”κΏ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
So, how easy is it to fall for a cult these days?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš”μ¦˜ μ»¬νŠΈμ— 빠지기가 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ‰¬μš΄κ°€μš”?
08:50
Social media is intentionally
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” μ˜λ„μ 
08:54
going to use information that's gathered about you,
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으둜 당신에 λŒ€ν•΄, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν™œλ™μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ§‘λœ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:58
from all of your activities, all...
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09:00
there are some 5,000 data points
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... λͺ¨λ“  인간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•½ 5,000개의 데이터 포인트
09:03
on every human being, I'm told –
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κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
09:06
and these are going to be oriented in algorithms towards you.
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, 이것듀 은 μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ—μ„œ 당신을 ν–₯ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. .
09:11
So, what I say is: you need to be really sceptical
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 것은 정말 회의적일 ν•„μš”κ°€ 있고
09:16
and if you're curious about something,
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무언가에 λŒ€ν•΄ κΆκΈˆν•œ 점이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:19
really do a consumer-awareness approach –
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ†ŒλΉ„μž 인식 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을
09:24
it's saying they're making this claim –
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09:27
it sounds outrageous; I need outrageous level of proof.
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μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λŠ” μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 증거가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
Be sceptical, or wary, of claims being made online
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μ˜¨λΌμΈμ—μ„œ μ œκΈ°λ˜λŠ” μ£Όμž₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ νšŒμ˜μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
09:38
and check them out thoroughly.
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μ‘°μ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μ² μ €ν•˜κ²Œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:44
So, people who make grand promises
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 원
09:47
and demand complete loyalty from you
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λŒ€ν•œ 약속을 ν•˜κ³  λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ™„μ „ν•œ 좩성을 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
09:49
are likely to be cult-like leaders.
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컬트적인 μ§€λ„μžμΌ κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
Even online, question their claims, check their facts.
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μ˜¨λΌμΈμ—μ„œλ„ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ£Όμž₯에 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ 제기 ν•˜κ³  사싀을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:56
If they are authentic, they won't mind.
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그듀이 μ§„μ§œ 라면 μƒκ΄€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Original video on YouTube.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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