Climate crisis: Last warning for humanity? BBC News Review

178,747 views ใƒป 2021-08-10

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Climate change is 'code red for humanity', says the United Nations.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื 'ืงื•ื“ ืื“ื•ื ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืื•"ื.
00:05
Hi, I'm Tom. Joining me this morning is Catherine. Hi Catherine.
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ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ื. ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ.
00:09
Hello Tom. Hello everybody. And if you'd like to do a quiz on
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ืฉืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื•ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ
00:12
today's vocabulary, just go to our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• bbclearningenglish.com.
00:17
Now, let's hear more on this story from this BBC News report:
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-BBC:
00:44
So, the UN is set to release a new report on the effects of climate change.
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ืื– ื”ืื•"ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืคืจืกื ื“ื•"ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
00:50
It's going to contain details about the impact of climate change
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
00:55
on the natural world. It's expected to be the strongest warning yet.
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ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื–ื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ื›ื”.
01:00
And it warns about what might happen if global temperature rises
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืื ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช
01:05
are not kept to 1.5ยฐ Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
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ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ 1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ืžืขืœ ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื”-ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
01:11
So, serious news there from the UN.
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ืื–, ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืื•"ื.
01:14
Serious indeed. Thank you, Catherine.
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ืื›ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ.
01:16
Now, you have three words and expressions picked out from the media
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
01:20
to describe today's story, right?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:22
Yes, we are looking at: 'stark', 'a wake-up call' and 'dire'.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ: 'ื ื•ืฆืจ', 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ื•'ืื™ื•ืžื”'.
01:31
'Stark', 'a wake-up call' and 'dire'.
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'ืกื˜ืืจืง', 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ื•'ืื™ื•ืžื”'.
01:35
Catherine, let's have a look at your first headline please.
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
01:38
Sure. We are starting today in Scotland with The National โ€“ the headline:
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ืขื The National โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
01:52
'Stark' โ€“ clear and unpleasant.
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'Stark' โ€“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื”.
01:55
Catherine, what can you tell us about 'stark'?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ 'ืกื˜ืจืง'?
01:57
Well, 'stark', Tom, is an adjective. The spelling is: S-T-A-R-K.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, 'ืกื˜ืจืง', ื˜ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ. ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื: ืก-ืช-ื-ืจ-ืง.
02:03
And as you said it means clear and unpleasant.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืช ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ื.
02:07
So, the warning that the UN has given
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ืื–, ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉื”ืื•"ื ื ืชืŸ
02:11
about climate change is a clear warning.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
02:14
It's an unpleasant warning. It's really, kind of...
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ื–ื• ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื”. ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ...
02:17
the idea is shocking and something that's very difficult to ignore.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืขื–ืข ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื•.
02:22
So, we're talking about 'stark' in the context of climate change,
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื—ื–ืง' ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
02:25
which is obviously a hugely important global issue.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:28
When could we use this word in more everyday speech,
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ืžืชื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:32
or an everyday context?
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ืื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™?
02:34
Yeah, we get 'stark' warnings all the time and in our personal life
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช 'ื‘ื•ื”ืงื•ืช' ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:38
โ€“ you imagine a child at school and this child is misbehaving,
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- ืืชื” ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื
02:42
and the first couple of times the teacher, kind of...
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื”, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ...
02:45
you know, just checks them quite gently,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื•ืชื ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
02:47
ย  but maybe the third or fourth time of bad behaviour,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืขื”,
02:49
they're going to get a 'stark' warning from the teacher.
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ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืื–ื”ืจืช 'ื‘ื•ื”ืงืช' ืžื”ืžื•ืจื”.
02:53
Maybe a kind of... you know, a threat of punishment
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ืื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ... ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ
02:56
or they might raise their voice a little bit.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ.
02:59
And then the child will be really, really clear
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ื•ืื– ืœื™ืœื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจ
03:02
about the possible consequences if they don't change their behaviour.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื•.
03:05
Yeah, they could get a letter home or something like that.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
03:07
... Yeah. Yeah.
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... ื›ืŸ. ื›ึผึตืŸ.
03:09
So, we could have a 'stark warning'.
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ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• 'ืื–ื”ืจื” ื ื•ืงื‘ืช'.
03:11
Are there any other collocations that go with this adjective 'stark'?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื–ื” 'ืžื—ื–ืง'?
03:14
Yes, we can talk... it means, in the sense of clarity โ€“
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ... ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช -
03:17
things being very clear โ€“ you can talk about a 'stark contrast':
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ - ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ 'ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง':
03:22
two things are very, very different โ€“ there's a 'stark contrast'.
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ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื™ืฉ 'ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง'.
03:26
So, we could say that black is a 'stark contrast' to white, right?
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื 'ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื–' ืœืœื‘ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:29
As a basic example. Now, I know that there's one other collocation,
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ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื—ื“,
03:33
which is quite common in British English,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช,
03:36
which is 'stark naked', right?
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ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืขื™ืจื•ื ื‘ื•ืขืจ', ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:39
'Stark naked', yes. You...
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'ืกื˜ืจืง ืขื™ืจื•ื', ื›ืŸ. ืืชื”...
03:42
you use that especially if somebody sort of....
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ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืจืš...
03:43
if you surprise somebody when they're getting changed, for example.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ืœืฃ, ืœืžืฉืœ.
03:47
You might say, 'Ooh, they were stark naked!'
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ืื•ื™, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™!'
03:49
They were clearly and unpleasantly naked, you could almost say! OK.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” , ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ! ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
03:55
Thank you for that Catherine. Thanks for the examples.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
03:57
Let's take a look at our summary slide please:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
04:09
OK. Today we're talking about a 'stark' warning from the UN on
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื–ื”ืจื” 'ื—ืจื™ืคื”' ืžื”ืื•"ื ืขืœ
04:12
climate change. The UN, in 2019, also delivered a 'stark' warning
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื. ื”ืื•"ื, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019, ื’ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื–ื”ืจื” 'ื ื•ืฆืจืช'
04:17
from a report on nature loss and we did a News Review about this.
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ืžื“ื•"ื— ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”.
04:21
Catherine, how can the audience find this?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:23
You just have to click the link.
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ืืชื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
04:26
Just click the link in the description.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ.
04:28
Great! Catherine, let's have a look at your second headline please.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ! ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
04:32
Yes, we're here with the BBC News and the headline:
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”-BBC ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
04:41
'A wake-up call' โ€“ a shocking event,
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'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' โ€“ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื–ืขื–ืข,
04:44
which can cause changes in behaviour or attitude.
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ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื”.
04:47
Catherine, over to you.
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืืœื™ืš.
04:50
Yes. Now, we start with 'a'. Then the second word: 'wake' โ€“ W-A-K-E.
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ื›ืŸ. ื›ืขืช, ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘-'a'. ื•ืื– ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: 'ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ' โ€“ W-A-K-E.
04:56
Third word is 'up' โ€“ U-P. But โ€“ those two words,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื 'ืžืขืœื”' - U-P. ืื‘ืœ - ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:59
'wake' and 'up', are joined with a hyphen when you write them.
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"ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ" ื•"ืœืงื•ื", ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืขื ืžืงืฃ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ.
05:03
And the final word is 'call' โ€“ C-A-L-L.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืงืจื™ืื”' โ€“ ื’-ื-ืœ-ืœ.
05:07
So, you have 'a wake-up call'. Now, Tom,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืš 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”'. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื˜ื•ื,
05:10
I'm sure you've had 'a wake-up call' in a hotel,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืš 'ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ,
05:12
haven't you, at some point in your life?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš?
05:14
I have, yeah. 'A wake-up call' in a hotel is when someone gives
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™, ื›ืŸ. 'ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืงื•ืจื
05:18
you a phone call to wake you up, or stop you from sleeping.
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ืœืš ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš, ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
05:22
Yes, and it's a bit of a shock, isn't it? When you're lying...
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื”ืœื, ืœื? ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืงืจ...
05:25
you wake up in a strange bed with the phone ringing
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ืืชื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆืœืฆืœ
05:27
and you're, like, 'Where am I? What's happening?'
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ื•ืืชื”, ื›ืžื•, 'ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™? ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?'
05:29
It sort of makes you jump a bit, doesn't it?
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืงืฆืช, ืœื?
05:31
It's... it's alarming, yeah. And you could say it causes alarm, yeah.
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ื–ื”... ื–ื” ืžื“ืื™ื’, ื›ืŸ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื”ืœื”, ื›ืŸ.
05:36
Yes. Which is why we call it an 'alarm call' sometimes.
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ื›ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื 'ืงืจื™ืืช ืื–ืขืงื”'.
05:39
So, that's the kind of idea of 'a wake-up call' originally.
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ.
05:43
Now, in this context,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”,
05:44
we're not talking about hotels and making you wake up in the morning,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
05:48
but we are talking about a shock: something that, kind of,
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ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื: ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื
05:52
jolts you into reality and makes you pay attention and take action.
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ืžื–ืขื–ืข ืื•ืชืš ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
05:58
OK. So, we're talking about 'wake-up call',
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”',
06:00
again in this serious context of climate change.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื. ื”ืื
06:03
Could you give us an example of when we can use 'wake-up call'
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืชื™ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”'
06:06
in a more everyday context?
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™?
06:08
Yes. Well, if you think about those lazy students, Tom.
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืขืฆืœื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื˜ื•ื.
06:11
I'm sure you weren't one but, you know, there's always that time
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
06:14
at university when you get fed up of working really hard
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉื ืžืืก ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”
06:17
and the grades slip a bit and it's a bit...
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืงืฆืช...
06:20
Yeah, I heard... I heard about that time โ€“ never happened to me, obviously.
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ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžืขืชื™... ืื ื™ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื - ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจื” ืœื™, ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
06:23
Yes... I'm sure, I'm sure. And then one day you get a grade,
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ื›ืŸ... ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ื•ืื– ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ,
06:28
which is really quite low: it's a D, maybe an E even, and you go,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ ื ืžื•ืš: ื–ื” D, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• E, ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ,
06:32
'Ugh... oh, no! Right, party time's over.
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'ืื•ืฃ... ื”ื•, ืœื! ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื’ืžืจ.
06:36
I'm going to have to start working,
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ืื ื™ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
06:38
because if I don't I'm going to fail this course.'
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ืื ื™ ืื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื”ื–ื”'.
06:41
So, that bad grade โ€“ that D or that E โ€“ was a 'wake-up call'
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ืื– ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื” - ื”-D ืื• ื”-E ื”ื–ื” - ื”ื™ื” 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”'
06:45
because it makes you get back to reality, work harder.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:50
So, a serious warning that makes you change your behaviour
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ืื–, ืื–ื”ืจื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœืš
06:53
is 'a wake-up call'.
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ื”ื™ื 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”'.
06:55
So, low grades are 'a wake-up call' to lazy students
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ืื–, ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืœื ื™ื
06:59
and of course... Should be.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ... ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
07:00
...and of course, anyone watching this
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...ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื–ื”
07:02
is taking ownership of their education
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ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื•
07:04
and will not need that 'wake-up call'. Great!
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ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื“ืงืง ืœ'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' ื”ื–ื•. ื’ื“ื•ืœ!
07:07
Let's have our summary slide please:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
07:18
OK. Talking about waking up, we have another News Review
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช
07:22
on people who can't sleep during lockdown.
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ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื”.
07:24
Catherine, where can they find this?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื”?
07:26
Just click that link.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
07:28
Click that link in the description. Great!
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ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ. ื’ื“ื•ืœ!
07:31
Catherine, let's have a look at our next headline for today please.
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
07:35
And we're in Ireland now: RTE โ€“ the headline:
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: RTE โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
07:45
'Dire' โ€“ very serious; bad.
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'ื ื•ืจื' โ€“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืžืื•ื“; ืจึทืข.
07:48
Catherine, what can you tell us about this word?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•?
07:50
It has four letters, Tom: D-I-R-E. It's pronounced 'dire' and yes,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ื: ื“-ื™-ืจ-ื”. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื 'ื’ืจื•ืข' ื•ื›ืŸ,
07:56
it means very, very serious or very, very bad.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืจืข.
08:00
So, in the headline 'dire climate change warnings' โ€“ we've also
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ืื–, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ' ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื' - ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื’ื
08:05
spoken about 'stark warnings' today.
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ืขืœ 'ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช' ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:08
What's the difference between these two adjectives 'dire' and 'stark'?
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ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืืœื” "ืžื–ืœ" ื•"ืžืฆืžืจืจ"?
08:11
Yes, they're very closely related.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
08:13
They talked about 'dire warnings' and 'stark warnings'.
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ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ' ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช' ื•ืขืœ 'ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืช'.
08:16
'Stark' means it's really, really clear: if something's 'stark',
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'ืกื˜ืืจืง' ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจ: ืื ืžืฉื”ื• 'ืงืฉื”',
08:20
it's obvious, it's very difficult to ignore.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื•.
08:23
If something's bad... sorry! If something's 'dire',
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข... ืกืœื™ื—ื”! ืื ืžืฉื”ื• 'ืงืฉื”',
08:25
it's really, really bad.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืข.
08:28
So, both of those words, 'stark' and 'dire',
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ืื–, ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”, 'ืžื—ืžืจืจ' ื•'ืžื–ื“ืžืŸ',
08:30
relate to something being serious, but 'stark' is clear โ€“ 'dire' is bad.
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ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ 'ืžืฆืžืจืจ' ื‘ืจื•ืจ - 'ืงืฉื”' ื–ื” ืจืข.
08:37
And this word 'dire', when we talk about 'dire climate change warnings'
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ื ื•ืจื', ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื'
08:41
โ€“ obviously warnings about climate change โ€“ things could get very bad:
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- ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื - ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืื•ื“:
08:45
big, serious context. Again, can we use it in more everyday speech?
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ื”ืงืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
08:49
Absolutely. Anything that is really, really bad โ€“ like, really,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืจืข - ื›ืžื•, ืžืžืฉ
08:53
really bad can be 'dire'. Anything from a film, to a song, to a party,
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ืžืžืฉ ืจืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ื’ืจื•ืข'. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืกืจื˜ , ืœืฉื™ืจ, ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื”,
09:01
to a pizza โ€“ you can get a terrible, really, really bad teacher... pizza!
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ืœืคื™ืฆื” - ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ื ื•ืจื, ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืข... ืคื™ืฆื”!
09:05
You can say, 'That pizza was absolutely dire!'
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ื”ืคื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช!'
09:09
It means the worst pizza you've ever eaten.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื™ืฆื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืฉืื›ืœืช ืื™ ืคืขื.
09:12
Yeah. It's, kind of, very disappointing, isn't it?
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื–ื”, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื›ื–ื‘, ืœื?
09:15
Terrible... just terrible ...if something's 'dire'.
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ื ื•ืจื... ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืจื ...ืื ืžืฉื”ื• 'ื ื•ืจื'.
09:17
Anyway, hopefully no one's going to be thinking that our News Review is
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื
09:20
'dire' today, so on... on that funny joke, let's cut to the slide please.
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'ืงืฉื”' ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”... ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื” ื”ื”ื™ื , ื‘ื•ื ื ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
09:35
OK. Catherine, can you recap today's vocabulary for the audience please?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืงื”ืœ?
09:41
Yes. We had 'stark' โ€“ clear and unpleasant.
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ื‘ื•ื”ืง' - ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ื.
09:45
We had 'a wake-up call' โ€“ a shocking event
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• 'ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื”' - ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื–ืขื–ืข
09:48
which can cause changes to attitude or behaviour.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช.
09:51
And 'dire', which means very serious and bad.
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ื•'ืžื—ืžื™ืจ', ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืจืข.
09:57
Thank you, Catherine. Don't forget โ€“ we have a quiz on today's vocabulary:
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื:
10:02
bbclearningenglish.com is the website.
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bbclearningenglish.com ื”ื•ื ื”ืืชืจ.
10:04
And of course we're all over social media as well.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:08
That's it from us today. Thank you for being here and goodbye.
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ื–ื” ื–ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช.
10:11
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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