The Long 'e' in English Spelling and Pronunciation | A Quick Guide!

17,520 views ใƒป 2021-10-04

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
Think you know English?
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช?
00:09
Well, here's a challenge for you, have a look at these words,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
00:14
what do they have in common and what don't they have in common?
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ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ?
00:26
Have you got it? Here's a clue. Listen and watch again.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื–ื”? ื”ื ื” ืจืžื–. ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืฆืคื” ืฉื•ื‘.
00:44
What they have in common is that they all contain the same sound.
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ.
00:47
A long ee. And what they don't have in common is the spelling,
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ืื™ ืืจื•ืš. ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื–ื” ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘,
00:53
the same sound spelt in six different ways.
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ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
00:59
Thank you, English!
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืื ื’ืœื™ืช!
01:02
Now I've got that out of my system.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื™.
01:04
Is there a way to make sense of the English language's inability to
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
01:08
agree on spelling and pronunciation? First, let's look at some numbers.
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ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”? ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
01:17
English has twenty six letters, the alphabet, these are the symbols
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช, ืืœื• ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ืฉืื ื•
01:21
we use to write English. However, English has more sounds than letters,
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
01:27
so we use another set of symbols to represent the sounds.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืžืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื.
01:31
There are more than 40 of these.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ื›ืืœื”.
01:34
The long ee sound is represented by this symbol.
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ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”-EE ื”ืืจื•ืš ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืžืœ ื–ื”.
01:40
And when it comes to writing, in all there are over 70 combinations
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-70 ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™
01:44
of letters that reflect the sounds of English. For example,
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ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
01:50
as we saw the sound ee can be written in six different ways. Why is this?
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ee ื‘ืฉืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืœืžื” ื–ื”? ืœืื•ืฆืจ
01:59
English vocabulary has many origins from Latin and Greek,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช,
02:04
Norse, Norman, French, Anglo-Saxon and other world languages.
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ื ื•ืจื“ื™ืช, ื ื•ืจืžื ื™ืช, ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืื ื’ืœื•-ืกื›ืกื™ืช ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:10
Often the original spellings were kept or only slightly adjusted.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื ืฉืžืจ ืื• ืจืง ื”ื•ืชืืžื• ืžืขื˜.
02:14
So we end up with a wide collection of vocabulary,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื,
02:17
pronunciation and spelling.
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ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื•ืช.
02:19
For hundreds of years, there have been different systems proposed to
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
02:24
reform English spelling so that it more closely matches pronunciation.
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ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื™ื”.
02:29
But so far none of these have been adopted. So for the foreseeable future,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื” ืœื ืื•ืžืฅ. ืื– ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืŸ,
02:34
we just have to accept it and look for what patterns we can.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื™ืœื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
02:40
Despite what you may think, there are some patterns in English spelling.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
02:48
Let's go back to the spelling of the long ee sound.
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ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”-ee ื”ืืจื•ืš.
02:53
Whenever you see double e in the spelling within a word,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื›ืคื•ืœ e ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ืœื”,
02:56
that will always be [ee], for example: squeeze, between, thirteen.
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” [ee], ืœืžืฉืœ: squeeze, between, three-teen.
03:05
At the end of single syllable words ee is also pronounced [ee]:
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ee ื’ื [ee]:
03:11
bee, free, three.
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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืฉืœื•ืฉ.
03:16
When you have a word with more than one syllable which ends in ee
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื™ืœื” ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘-ee
03:20
and that last syllable is stressed, ee is also pronounced [ee]:
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ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช, ee ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื ื’ื [ee]:
03:26
agree, degree, settee.
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ืžืกื›ื™ื, ืชื•ืืจ, ืงืคื”.
03:27
But if that last syllable is not stressed,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื”ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช,
03:30
then the pronunciation is a little different. It's a shorter e: coffee, committee.
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ืื– ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”. ื–ื” e ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืงืคื”, ื•ืขื“ื”.
03:38
So there is a fairly regular pronunciation of the letters e e.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช e e.
03:43
And one other useful way to predict an [ee] sound is what's known as
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืฆืœื™ืœ [e] ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื”
03:47
'the magic e'.
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'ื”ืงืกื e'.
03:49
If the word ends in this pattern:- e consonant e:
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ืื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื–ื•:- e consonant e:
03:55
concede, delete, these,
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concede, ืžื—ืง, ืืœื”,
03:57
the e at the end of the word is silent, but like magic,
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ื”-e ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื•ืชืงืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืงืกื,
04:03
it makes the vowel sound before the consonant long.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš.
04:06
Compare pet and Pete.
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื˜.
04:10
But this doesn't work if the consonant is r,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื r,
04:13
then the pronunciation is [air]: there, where,
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ืื– ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื [ืื•ื•ื™ืจ]: ืฉื, ืื™ืคื”,
04:18
or [ear]: here, austere.
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ืื• [ืื•ื–ืŸ]: ื›ืืŸ, ืžื—ืžื™ืจ.
04:23
The long ee sound is also commonly pronounced when the spelling has
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ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”-ee ื”ืืจื•ืš ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื”ื’ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช
04:27
the letters e a, like in the words: beach, cream, feast.
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ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช e a, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื: ื—ื•ืฃ, ืฉืžื ืช, ืกืขื•ื“ื”.
04:35
But I'm afraid there are a few exceptions here as well,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
04:39
like: head, health, swear.
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ื›ืžื•: ืจืืฉ, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืงืœืœื•ืช.
04:44
ย  You may be familiar with the guide to spelling that goes:
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจ:
04:47
'I before E except after C'
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'ืื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ E ืžืœื‘ื“ ืื—ืจื™ C'
04:51
Well there are a lot of exceptions to that rule,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”,
04:54
but the one thing we do know is that when you do have e i after c,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืš e i ืื—ืจื™ c,
04:58
that is also pronounced with the long ee sound: receipt, deceive, ceiling.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”- ee ื”ืืจื•ืš: ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ืื”, ืชืงืจื”.
05:06
And some common words, spelt with i e are also pronounced as
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘-i e ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืื•ืช ื’ื ื›
05:10
[ee]: believe, field, piece. But many aren't: pie, friend, quiet.
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[ee]: ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื“ื”, ื—ืชื™ื›ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื: ืคืื™, ื—ื‘ืจ, ืฉืงื˜.
05:20
So where does all this leave us?
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ืื– ืื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•?
05:22
Well, yes, English spelling is confusing and complicated,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ืš,
05:26
but it does have some consistent patterns as we've seen with the [ee]sound.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ [e].
05:30
But all of those patterns do have some exceptions.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
05:34
Unfortunately, there are no rules that cover everything.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ื”ื›ืœ.
05:38
There is no simple key to unlock English spelling.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืชื— ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
05:43
And what about the word key? It has the [ee] sound at the end.
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืคืชื—? ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ [e] ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
05:47
Are there any rules or guidelines we can learn from that?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื”?
05:51
Well, yes, and this one is one hundred percent certain.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื–.
05:54
If a word is spelled k e y, it's pronounced key.
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ืื ืžื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื™ืชืช k e y, ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื ืžืคืชื—.
06:00
OK, I know that's not very helpful, but although there are a lot of
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”
06:05
words that end in e y, very few are pronounced with the long ee.
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘-e, ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ืš.
06:09
In fact, key may be one of the only ones.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืคืชื— ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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