The Long 'e' in English Spelling and Pronunciation | A Quick Guide!

17,489 views ใƒป 2021-10-04

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
Think you know English?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:09
Well, here's a challenge for you, have a look at these words,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ชฒ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
00:14
what do they have in common and what don't they have in common?
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ใ€‚ๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
00:26
Have you got it? Here's a clue. Listen and watch again.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่žใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:44
What they have in common is that they all contain the same sound.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅ…ฑ้€šใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜้ŸณใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:47
A long ee. And what they don't have in common is the spelling,
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้•ทใ„ใˆใˆใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅ…ฑ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎ ใฏ
00:53
the same sound spelt in six different ways.
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็ถดใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใซ 6 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ถดใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Thank you, English!
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€่‹ฑ่ชž๏ผ
01:02
Now I've got that out of my system.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใ‚นใƒšใƒซใจ็™บ้ŸณใซๅŒๆ„ใงใใชใ„
01:04
Is there a way to make sense of the English language's inability to
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ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
01:08
agree on spelling and pronunciation? First, let's look at some numbers.
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ใพใ™ใ‹? ใพใšใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:17
English has twenty six letters, the alphabet, these are the symbols
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ 26 ๆ–‡ๅญ— ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ™ใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
01:21
we use to write English. However, English has more sounds than letters,
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็งใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่จ˜ๅทใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
01:27
so we use another set of symbols to represent the sounds.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅˆฅใฎ่จ˜ๅทใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
There are more than 40 of these.
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ใใฎๆ•ฐใฏ40ไปฅไธŠใ€‚
01:34
The long ee sound is represented by this symbol.
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้•ทใ„ ee ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
And when it comes to writing, in all there are over 70 combinations
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ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏๅ…จ้ƒจใง 70 ็จฎ้กžไปฅไธŠใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:44
of letters that reflect the sounds of English. For example,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‰
01:50
as we saw the sound ee can be written in six different ways. Why is this?
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ใซ่ฆ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้Ÿณ ee ใฏ 6 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใชใฎ๏ผŸ
01:59
English vocabulary has many origins from Latin and Greek,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใฏ ใ€ใƒฉใƒ†ใƒณ่ชžใ€ใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใ€
02:04
Norse, Norman, French, Anglo-Saxon and other world languages.
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ใƒŽใƒซใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผ่ชžใ€ใƒŽใƒซใƒžใƒณ่ชžใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ฐใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ฝใƒณ ่ชžใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎไธ–็•Œใฎ่จ€่ชžใซๅคšใใฎ่ตทๆบใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Often the original spellings were kept or only slightly adjusted.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ƒใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒ ็ถญๆŒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ่ชฟๆ•ดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:14
So we end up with a wide collection of vocabulary,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€
02:17
pronunciation and spelling.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅน…ๅบƒใ„ใ‚ณใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใงใใ‚ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
For hundreds of years, there have been different systems proposed to
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ไฝ•็™พๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ้–“ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใซๆ”น่‰ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใŒๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
02:24
reform English spelling so that it more closely matches pronunciation.
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ใ€‚
02:29
But so far none of these have been adopted. So for the foreseeable future,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆŽก็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€
02:34
we just have to accept it and look for what patterns we can.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
02:40
Despite what you may think, there are some patterns in English spelling.
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ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Let's go back to the spelling of the long ee sound.
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้•ทใ„ ee ้Ÿณใฎ็ถดใ‚Šใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:53
Whenever you see double e in the spelling within a word,
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ๅ˜่ชžๅ†…ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซ e ใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
02:56
that will always be [ee], for example: squeeze, between, thirteen.
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ๅธธใซ [ee] ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€squeezeใ€ betweenใ€thirteen ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:05
At the end of single syllable words ee is also pronounced [ee]:
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ๅ˜้Ÿณ็ฏ€่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใงใฏใ€ ee ใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ [ee]:
03:11
bee, free, three.
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beeใ€freeใ€threeใ€‚
03:16
When you have a word with more than one syllable which ends in ee
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ee ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใŒ
03:20
and that last syllable is stressed, ee is also pronounced [ee]:
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ee ใ‚‚ [ee] ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œ
03:26
agree, degree, settee.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
But if that last syllable is not stressed,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
03:30
then the pronunciation is a little different. It's a shorter e: coffee, committee.
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ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็•ฅใ—ใฆe:coffeeใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:38
So there is a fairly regular pronunciation of the letters e e.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€e e ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใช็™บ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
And one other useful way to predict an [ee] sound is what's known as
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[ee] ้Ÿณใ‚’ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพฟๅˆฉใชๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎ eใ€ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
03:47
'the magic e'.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:49
If the word ends in this pattern:- e consonant e:
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ“ใฎ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ:- e ๅญ้Ÿณ e:
03:55
concede, delete, these,
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่ญฒๆญฉใ€ๅ‰Š้™คใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜่ชž
03:57
the e at the end of the word is silent, but like magic,
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ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ e ใฏ็„ก้Ÿณใงใ™ใŒใ€้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎ
04:03
it makes the vowel sound before the consonant long.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅญ้Ÿณใฎๅ‰ใซๆฏ้ŸณใŒ้•ทใ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Compare pet and Pete.
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ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใจใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:10
But this doesn't work if the consonant is r,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅญ้ŸณใŒ r ใฎ
04:13
then the pronunciation is [air]: there, where,
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฏ [air]: there, where
04:18
or [ear]: here, austere.
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ใพใŸใฏ [ear]: here, austere ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:23
The long ee sound is also commonly pronounced when the spelling has
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้•ทใ„ ee ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ
04:27
the letters e a, like in the words: beach, cream, feast.
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ใ€beachใ€creamใ€feast ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ถดใ‚Šใซ e a ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:35
But I'm afraid there are a few exceptions here as well,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€้ ญใ€ๅฅๅบทใ€่ช“ใ„ใชใฉใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:39
like: head, health, swear.
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ใ€‚
04:44
ย  You may be familiar with the guide to spelling that goes:
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04:47
'I before E except after C'
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ใ€ŒI ใฏ E ใฎๅ‰ใซ C ใฎๅพŒใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
04:51
Well there are a lot of exceptions to that rule,
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใฏๅคšใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™
04:54
but the one thing we do know is that when you do have e i after c,
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ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏ ใ€c ใฎๅพŒใซ e i ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:58
that is also pronounced with the long ee sound: receipt, deceive, ceiling.
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใพใŸใ€้•ทใ„ ee ้Ÿณใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™: ใƒฌใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ€ๆฌบใใ€ๅคฉไบ•ใ€‚
05:06
And some common words, spelt with i e are also pronounced as
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ie ใงใคใฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใฏ ใ€[ee] ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œ
05:10
[ee]: believe, field, piece. But many aren't: pie, friend, quiet.
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ใพใ™: ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ€ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚นใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒ‘ใ‚คใ€ๅ‹้”ใ€้™ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:20
So where does all this leave us?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒ็งใŸใกใ‚’ใฉใ“ใซๆฎ‹ใ™ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:22
Well, yes, English spelling is confusing and complicated,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซ ใฏ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™
05:26
but it does have some consistent patterns as we've seen with the [ee]sound.
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ใŒใ€[ee] ใฎ้Ÿณใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ€่ฒซใ—ใŸใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
But all of those patterns do have some exceptions.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซ ใฏใ™ในใฆไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
Unfortunately, there are no rules that cover everything.
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏ
05:38
There is no simple key to unlock English spelling.
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ใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ™ใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ญใƒผใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:43
And what about the word key? It has the [ee] sound at the end.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ตใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ[ใˆใƒผ]ใฎ้ŸณใŒไป˜ใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
Are there any rules or guidelines we can learn from that?
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ใใ“ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆในใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚„ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
05:51
Well, yes, and this one is one hundred percent certain.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 100% ็ขบๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
05:54
If a word is spelled k e y, it's pronounced key.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎใคใฅใ‚ŠใŒ k e y ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ key ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
OK, I know that's not very helpful, but although there are a lot of
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OKใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒ
06:05
words that end in e y, very few are pronounced with the long ee.
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ใ€e y ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€้•ทใ„ ee ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:09
In fact, key may be one of the only ones.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใฏ ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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