The Long 'e' in English Spelling and Pronunciation | A Quick Guide!

17,489 views ・ 2021-10-04

BBC Learning English


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Think you know English?
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Well, here's a challenge for you, have a look at these words,
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what do they have in common and what don't they have in common?
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Have you got it? Here's a clue. Listen and watch again.
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What they have in common is that they all contain the same sound.
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A long ee. And what they don't have in common is the spelling,
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the same sound spelt in six different ways.
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Thank you, English!
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Now I've got that out of my system.
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Is there a way to make sense of the English language's inability to
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agree on spelling and pronunciation? First, let's look at some numbers.
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English has twenty six letters, the alphabet, these are the symbols
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we use to write English. However, English has more sounds than letters,
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so we use another set of symbols to represent the sounds.
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There are more than 40 of these.
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The long ee sound is represented by this symbol.
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And when it comes to writing, in all there are over 70 combinations
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of letters that reflect the sounds of English. For example,
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as we saw the sound ee can be written in six different ways. Why is this?
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English vocabulary has many origins from Latin and Greek,
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Norse, Norman, French, Anglo-Saxon and other world languages.
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Often the original spellings were kept or only slightly adjusted.
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So we end up with a wide collection of vocabulary,
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pronunciation and spelling.
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For hundreds of years, there have been different systems proposed to
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reform English spelling so that it more closely matches pronunciation.
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But so far none of these have been adopted. So for the foreseeable future,
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we just have to accept it and look for what patterns we can.
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Despite what you may think, there are some patterns in English spelling.
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Let's go back to the spelling of the long ee sound.
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Whenever you see double e in the spelling within a word,
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that will always be [ee], for example: squeeze, between, thirteen.
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At the end of single syllable words ee is also pronounced [ee]:
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bee, free, three.
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When you have a word with more than one syllable which ends in ee
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and that last syllable is stressed, ee is also pronounced [ee]:
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agree, degree, settee.
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But if that last syllable is not stressed,
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then the pronunciation is a little different. It's a shorter e: coffee, committee.
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So there is a fairly regular pronunciation of the letters e e.
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And one other useful way to predict an [ee] sound is what's known as
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'the magic e'.
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If the word ends in this pattern:- e consonant e:
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concede, delete, these,
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the e at the end of the word is silent, but like magic,
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it makes the vowel sound before the consonant long.
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Compare pet and Pete.
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But this doesn't work if the consonant is r,
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then the pronunciation is [air]: there, where,
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or [ear]: here, austere.
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The long ee sound is also commonly pronounced when the spelling has
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the letters e a, like in the words: beach, cream, feast.
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But I'm afraid there are a few exceptions here as well,
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like: head, health, swear.
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  You may be familiar with the guide to spelling that goes:
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'I before E except after C'
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Well there are a lot of exceptions to that rule,
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but the one thing we do know is that when you do have e i after c,
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that is also pronounced with the long ee sound: receipt, deceive, ceiling.
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And some common words, spelt with i e are also pronounced as
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[ee]: believe, field, piece. But many aren't: pie, friend, quiet.
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So where does all this leave us?
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Well, yes, English spelling is confusing and complicated,
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but it does have some consistent patterns as we've seen with the [ee]sound.
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But all of those patterns do have some exceptions.
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Unfortunately, there are no rules that cover everything.
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There is no simple key to unlock English spelling.
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And what about the word key? It has the [ee] sound at the end.
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Are there any rules or guidelines we can learn from that?
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Well, yes, and this one is one hundred percent certain.
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If a word is spelled k e y, it's pronounced key.
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OK, I know that's not very helpful, but although there are a lot of
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words that end in e y, very few are pronounced with the long ee.
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In fact, key may be one of the only ones.
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