BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Business & Work' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

593,333 views

2022-06-26 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Business & Work' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

593,333 views ใƒป 2022-06-26

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:05
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:07
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:09
I'm Georgina.
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ืื ื™ ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”.
00:10
And I'm Neil.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:11
In this programme, we're going to be
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
00:13
talking about the world of work.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
00:15
Ah yes, travelling to an office
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“
00:17
five days a week, sitting at a desk
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
00:19
all day, and then going home.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื– ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:21
Neil, it's not always like that.
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ื ื™ืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื›ื”.
00:23
Office work doesn't have to be such a
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
00:25
routine - the usual, fixed
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ืฉื’ืจื” ื›ื–ื• - ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช
00:26
way of doing things -
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื -
00:28
it is much more
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:29
flexible these days.
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ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
00:31
That's true. During the pandemic,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”,
00:33
we've all had to have
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืืœืฆื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ
00:34
a more flexible approach to work.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
00:36
Yes, we have.
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ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
00:37
And it has, perhaps, changed our attitude
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ื•ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื™, ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•
00:39
to working flexibly.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”.
00:41
But even before coronavirus there was an
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
00:43
opportunity to work flexibly,
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ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”,
00:46
and we'll be discussing that soon.
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ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
00:48
But there's one thing that
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“
00:49
can't be changed and that's you
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ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืืชื”
00:51
setting a quiz question!
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ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืืœืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ!
00:53
Ah yes, I hadn't forgotten.
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™.
00:54
So, Neil, I know you work very hard.
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ืื–, ื ื™ืœ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“.
00:57
But according to data from
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™
00:59
the Organization for Economic
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
01:00
Cooperation and Development -
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ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ -
01:02
the OECD -
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ื”-OECD -
01:04
workers from which country work
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
01:06
the longest hours?
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ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช?
01:07
Is it... a) South Korea,
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ื”ืื ื–ื”... ื) ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
01:10
b) Germany, or
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ื‘) ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืื•
01:12
c) Mexico?
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ื’) ืžืงืกื™ืงื•?
01:14
Well, as I'm not on the list,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”,
01:17
let's go for c) Mexico.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืœืš ืขืœ ื’) ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
01:19
OK, Neil, we'll find out if that's right
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ื ื’ืœื” ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ
01:22
at the end of the programme.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:23
But let's talk more about
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
01:25
flexible working now.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
01:27
Different countries have different laws
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
01:29
about working flexibly...
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”...
01:30
but here in the UK, for last 14 years,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš 14 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:34
employees - workers -
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ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื - ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื -
01:36
have had the right to request
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ
01:37
flexible working.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”.
01:39
But what does it mean to work flexibly?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”?
01:42
Sarah Jackson is a workplace
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ืฉืจื” ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
01:44
consultant and visiting professor at
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ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืื•ืจื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
01:46
Cranfield University School of Management.
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืจื ืคื™ืœื“.
01:49
She spoke to BBC Radio 4's
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื
01:51
Woman's Hour programme
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช Woman's Hour ืฉืœ BBC Radio 4
01:52
about what it means exactly...
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ืขืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง...
01:55
Because of the pandemic, now
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
01:57
everybody thinks flexible working
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ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”
01:59
means working from home -
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช -
02:01
it doesn't, it's about common sense,
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ื–ื” ืœื, ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ,
02:03
what does the jobย need in terms of
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ืžื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ
02:04
when where, how long,
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ืžืชื™ ืื™ืคื”, ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ,
02:05
and what do you need and
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ื•ืžื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืžื”
02:06
what does your family - need ย 
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื”
02:07
and how doย the two match?
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ื•ืื™ืšย ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื?
02:09
So, flexibility really means
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ืื–, ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช
02:11
having some choice and control
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
02:13
over when, where and how
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ืขืœ ืžืชื™, ืื™ืคื” ื•ื›ืžื”
02:14
long you work, and agreeing
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ื–ืžืŸ ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื•ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ
02:16
that with your manager.
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ื›ืš ืขื ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœืš.
02:19
So, flexible working is not just
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง
02:21
working from homeย -
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช -
02:22
something we've got used toย 
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืืœื™ื•
02:24
during the pandemic.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”.
02:25
It is about common sense - using our
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ - ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
02:28
judgment to makeย sensible decisions.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
02:30
So, requesting to work for twoย ย 
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
02:32
hours a day is not sensible -
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ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ -
02:34
but being able to work
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
02:35
from 12 until 8 instead of 9 to 5ย ย 
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ืž-12 ืขื“ 8 ื‘ืžืงื•ื 9 ืขื“ 5
02:38
might be.ย 
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
02:39
Of course, this depends on the needs of
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ
02:40
the business.ย 
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ื”ืขืกืง.
02:41
And as Sarah said, you need to match
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื” ืืžืจื”, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช
02:43
your needs with that of the business.
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ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืง.
02:45
Match hereย means to work
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ื”ืชืืžื” ื›ืืŸย ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
02:46
equally on both sides.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
02:48
Getting theย working conditions
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ื”ืฉื’ืชย ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
02:50
that suit you does requireย ย 
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ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืš ื“ื•ืจืฉืช
02:51
someย negotiation with your manager.
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ืงืฆืชย ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœืš.
02:54
You need agreement from him or her -
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืžื ื• ืื• ืžืžื ื” -
02:56
and that can be difficult if
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืื
02:57
yourย manager is inflexible -
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ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœืš ืœื ื’ืžื™ืฉ -
02:59
not willing to change.ย ย 
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ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
03:01
But of course, in the UK at least,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
03:03
an employee has a
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ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ
03:04
right to request flexible working,
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”,
03:06
and this mustย ย 
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืœืงื—
03:07
be considered by the employer.
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ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง.
03:09
This law initiallyย was just for parents
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืจืง ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื
03:11
with a child younger thanย ย 
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ืขื ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ
03:12
6 years old -ย 
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6 -
03:13
or a disabled child less than 18.
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ืื• ื™ืœื“ ื ื›ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18.
03:16
But since 2014,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื– 2014,
03:18
everyone has the right to requestย 
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ
03:20
flexible working.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”.
03:21
And that includes men.ย 
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:23
Whichย is an important point, as
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ื•ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืคื™
03:25
Sarah Jackson explains.ย 
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ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืจื” ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ.
03:27
Fewer men seem to have their requests
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
03:29
forย flexible working accepted -
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” -
03:31
let's find out why.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข.
03:34
Men, when they do ask,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื,
03:35
are more likely to be turnedย down,
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช,
03:37
so there's a real bias there in the systemย ย 
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช
03:40
and the most important thing
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:42
that needsย to happen here, I think,
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
03:43
is for employers to
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื
03:45
really actively start saying to their men,
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:47
'we knowย you want to be active fathers' -
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'ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื' -
03:49
because there's aย whole generation of young men
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
03:51
who do want to beย active fathers -
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ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื -
03:52
'please use the right to requestย ย 
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'ืื ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ
03:55
flexible working', work flexibly if you canย -
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”', ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื -
03:57
because until men are
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ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื
03:59
enabled to be active fathers,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
04:01
we won't get equality at home and we
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ืœื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™
04:03
certainlyย won't get equality in the workplace either.ย ย 
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ื’ื ืœื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:07
OK, so men are more likely to
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื
04:09
have their requestย turned down - or rejected.
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ื™ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื - ืื• ื™ื“ื—ื•.
04:11
And Sarah says there is a
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ื•ืฉืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ
04:13
bias in the system - unfairness,
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ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช,
04:16
treating one groupย of people more
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ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”
04:18
favorably than another.
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ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจืช.
04:20
And thisย is unfair because it can
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ื•ื–ื”ย ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ
04:22
prevent some men beingย active fathers -
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ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื -
04:24
actually being involved with childcare.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
04:26
But having more active fathers can
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ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
04:28
lead toย equality - or fairness - at
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ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ - ืื• ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช -
04:30
home and in the workplace.ย 
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:32
It sounds like something that
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš
04:33
needs to be lookedย at.
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ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•.
04:35
But now, Neil,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื™ืœ,
04:36
let's get the answer to my question.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
04:38
According to official data,
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ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื,
04:40
in which country doย workers work
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
04:42
the longest hours?
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ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช?
04:43
And I said Mexico.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
04:45
Which is correct, well done!
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ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“!
04:47
According to the OECD,
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ืœืคื™ ื”-OECD,
04:50
the average Mexican spends
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ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžื‘ืœื”
04:51
2,255 hours at work per year -
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2,255 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” -
04:55
the equivalent of around 43 hours per week.ย ย 
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ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœื›-43 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช.
04:59
Germans, on the other hand,
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ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
05:00
clock up the fewest hours.
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ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช.
05:02
Well, my working day is nearly over,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื’ืžืจ,
05:04
so let'sย just recap some of the vocabulary
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื•ย ืจืง ื ืกื›ื ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
05:07
we've discussed.
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื•.
05:08
Starting with routine -
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื” -
05:09
the usual, fixed way ofย doing things.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:12
Common sense is our judgment to
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ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:14
make sensible decisions.
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:16
When you need somethingย to match it
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืชืื™ื, ื”ื•ื
05:18
has to work equally on both sides.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
05:21
And when someone is inflexible,
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ื’ืžื™ืฉ,
05:22
they are unwillingย to change -
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช -
05:24
sometimes we say they won't budge!
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื–ื•ื–!
05:27
Bias is unfairness, treating one
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ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก
05:30
group of peopleย more favorably than another.
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจืช.
05:32
And being active with something
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื•
05:34
means being involved with it.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื•.
05:36
Well, there's no flexibility in our 6 minutesย ย 
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘-6 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:38
so we're out of time.
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ืื– ื ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
05:40
We have plenty more 6ย Minute English
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช
05:42
programmes to enjoy on our website
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ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
05:44
at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
05:46
And check us out onย Facebook,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
05:48
Twitter and Instagram.
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ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื•ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื.
05:49
Don't forget that
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•
05:50
we have an app too,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”,
05:52
which you can download for free
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ืื•ืชื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
05:53
from the app stores.
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ืžื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
05:55
We help you learn English on the move!
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”!
05:57
Grammar, vocabulary and interestingย topics -
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ื“ืงื“ื•ืง, ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื -
05:59
we have them all!
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื!
06:01
Bye for now.
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06:01
Goodbye.
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.
06:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
06:10
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
06:12
I'm Rob.
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06:12
And I'mย Sam.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
ื•ืื ื™ย ืกื.
06:13
Have you got a 'business brain', Sam?
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš 'ืžื•ื— ืขืกืงื™', ืกื? ื”ืื
06:16
Would you like to start your own business?
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ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœืš?
06:18
It soundsย good, Rob.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจื•ื‘.
06:19
I like the idea of being my own boss.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™.
06:22
Well, that's the dream for many
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™
06:23
millennialsย - the name given to the
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ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ืย - ื”ืฉื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ
06:25
current generation of young people
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ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
06:27
aged between 24 and 38.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 24 ืขื“ 38.
06:30
Some of theย millennial generation are
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ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื
06:32
dissatisfied with the old ways of doing things,
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ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
06:35
for example how bigย business uses
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
06:38
data from social media and the negative
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ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช
06:41
impact of companies on society
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
06:43
and theย environment.
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
06:45
In today's programme, we'll look
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
06:46
at why millennials are so attracted
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ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
06:48
to starting their ownย businesses
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื”ื
06:50
and asking whether this really is
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ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช
06:52
the way to make the world a better place.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:55
And of course,ย we'll be learning some new
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,ย ื ืœืžื“ ืื•ืฆืจ
06:57
vocabulary on the way.
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš.
06:59
But first, it's time for today's quiz question.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:02
Atย 79 years old, Muhammad Yunus
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 79, ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืก
07:05
is hardly a millennial but he's a hero
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ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
07:08
to many young business people.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
07:10
Inย 2006 he won the Nobel Peace Prize,
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ื‘-2006 ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื,
07:14
but what for?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื”?
07:15
Was it for: a) offering microfinance
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ: ื) ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ
07:18
to low-incomeย businesses,
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ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
07:20
b) starting the first business
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ื‘) ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
07:22
to earn ยฃ1m in under a week,
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ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜ ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข,
07:25
or c)ย developing a progressive
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ืื• ื’) ืœืคืชื—
07:28
model of taxation.
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™.
07:29
Hmmm, I know millennials
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ื”ืžืž, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื
07:32
like starting businesses
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ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื
07:33
soย I'll say,
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ืื–ย ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“,
07:34
b) earning ยฃ1m in under a week.
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ื‘) ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข.
07:38
OK. We'll find out later if you were right.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื ื’ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฆื“ืงืช.
07:41
Now, whether it's TV shows like
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื›ืžื•
07:43
'The Apprentice' or the big success of
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'ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื”' ืื• ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ
07:46
companies in California'sย Silicon Valley,
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
07:48
the last decade saw a huge growth
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื ืจืฉืžื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”
07:51
in 20 and 30-year-olds starting their
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ 20 ื•-30 ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื•
07:53
own businesses.
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ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื.
07:55
BBC World Service programme
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service
07:57
The Why Factor asked business professor,
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The Why Factor ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืขืกืงื™ื,
07:59
Ethanย Mollick to explain how
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ืื™ืชืŸย ืžื•ืœืœื™ืง, ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš
08:01
this situation came about...
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ...
08:04
There's all these platforms that let you
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช
08:06
buildย entrepreneurial ventures
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืชย ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื•ืช
08:08
much more easily.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
08:09
The growth of things like crowdfunding
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ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื
08:12
have helpedย make entrepreneurship
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ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื™ื–ืžื•ืช
08:13
more accessible and led to tons of
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ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืžื•ืŸ
08:15
new start-ups.
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ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
08:16
So there's a lot ofย new methods
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”ย ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
08:18
for launching businesses and the cost of
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ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ
08:20
launching new businesses dropped at
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ื”ืฉืงืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื“ื”
08:21
the same time.
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ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
08:22
Ethan lists some of the reasons why it's
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ืื™ืชืŸ ืžืคืจื˜ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื•
08:25
now easier to become an entrepreneurย -
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ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ื–ืย -
08:27
someone who starts their own business,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืงื™ื ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื•,
08:29
often after seeing a new opportunity.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
08:31
Entrepreneursย see opportunities for
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ื™ื–ืžื™ืย ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
08:33
products and services not being supplied by
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ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
08:37
existing companies, soย they create
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸย ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
08:40
start-ups newly formed businesses
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ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ืขืกืงื™ื
08:43
intended to grow rapidly by
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
08:45
providing forย a particular market gap.
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ืžืชืŸย ืคืขืจ ืฉื•ืง ืžืกื•ื™ื.
08:48
One of the main problems to starting
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ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช
08:50
up your own business
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ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœืš
08:51
usedย to be getting the large
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืขื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช
08:53
amounts of money needed,
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ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื,
08:54
but nowadays this can be solved
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช
08:57
with crowdfundingย -
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืย -
08:58
getting the funding for a new business
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ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืง ื—ื“ืฉ
09:00
by asking a large number of people to
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
09:03
give small amounts ofย money,
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ืœืชืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ,
09:04
usually via the internet.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
09:06
But while start-up success stories
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืคื™ื
09:09
have made going into business
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืขืกืงื™ื
09:10
aย good option, for many millennials
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ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
09:13
it's not just about making money but also about
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืืœื ื’ื
09:16
being sociallyย responsible and doing good.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:20
However, others argue that most big changes
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื—ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
09:23
for the better have comeย from governments
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื•ย ืžืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
09:26
not millennial businesses.
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ื•ืœื ืžืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื.
09:28
Here, former World Bank economist, Charles Kenny,
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ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืฆ'ืจืœืก ืงื ื™,
09:31
cautionsย against over-emphasizing
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ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ
09:34
individual business over governments...
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ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช...
09:37
If you are working in a placeย with a corrupt and
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ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื•ืฉื—ืชืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™
09:40
inefficient government, one of the best ways you
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ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:43
can push development inย your country is to
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื
09:45
try and make that problem a little bit better.
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ื ืกื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:48
It's not something that any oneย individual
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื
09:49
can do, it has to be a collective effort,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
09:52
but the more we have young,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
09:54
committed, smart people who want to make
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ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš
09:56
the world a better place working in government,
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”,
09:59
the more likely government is
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ื›ืš ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ
10:00
to start delivering the kind of services
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ืœืกืคืง ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืื ื•
10:02
we need in order to ensure a high quality of life
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
10:05
inย that country.
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10:05
So, Charles mentions the problem
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื•.
ืœื›ืŸ, ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
10:08
that governments can be corrupt -
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ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื•ืช -
10:10
act in morally wrongย or illegal ways,
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ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช,
10:13
often in return for money or power.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื›ื•ื—.
10:16
The talent and passion that millennials
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ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื
10:18
put intoย starting their own business
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ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื”ื
10:20
could instead be used to improve governments
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
10:23
through collective effortย -
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ -
10:25
a group of people acting together
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“
10:28
to achieve a common goal.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
10:29
It's this working together thatย can raise
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช
10:32
people's quality of life -
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื -
10:34
level of personal satisfaction and comfort.
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ืจืžืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
10:37
Something thatย Muhammad Yunus was doing.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืก ืขืฉื”.
10:39
Ah yes, that's today's quiz question.
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:41
I asked you why Muhammad Yunus
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ืœืžื” ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืก
10:43
wonย the Nobel Prize in 2006.
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ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘-2006.
10:46
I said that, b) he started
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘) ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
10:49
the first business to earn ยฃ1m
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ืืช ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ"ื˜
10:51
in under aย week.
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ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข.
10:52
But in fact it was a) offering
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื) ื”ืฆืขืช
10:56
microfinance to low-income businesses -
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ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” -
10:59
a way for anyone, rich orย poor,
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ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืขืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขื ื™,
11:01
to run a business in a positive way.
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ืœื ื”ืœ ืขืกืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
11:03
Today, we've been talking about
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ
11:06
why young people inย the millennial generation
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ืœืžื” ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื
11:08
want to be entrepreneursย -
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ื -
11:11
people who start their own business.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื ื™
11:13
Manyย millennials create start-ups -
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ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื˜ืืจื˜-ืืคื™ื -
11:15
newly formed businesses intended to grow
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ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฆืžื•ื—
11:18
rapidly using a methodย called crowdfunding -
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื -
11:22
getting the funding for their new business
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ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื
11:24
by asking large numbers of people
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
11:26
onย the internet to each
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“
11:27
give a little bit of money.
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ืœืชืช ืžืขื˜ ื›ืกืฃ.
11:29
But it's not only about making profits.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื. ืกื˜ืืจื˜
11:31
Millennialย start-ups can help solve
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-ืืคื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืชื•ืจ
11:34
many of the developing world's problems,
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ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
11:36
instead of governments which mayย be corrupt -
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื•ืช -
11:39
acting immorally or illegally
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ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
11:42
for money or power.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื›ื•ื—.
11:43
What's needed more than individual
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ืžื” ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื ืฉื™
11:45
businessmen and women is collective effortย -
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ื•ื ืฉื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ย -
11:48
a group of people acting together
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“
11:50
to achieve aย common goal.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
11:52
And one important goal is
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ื•ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื
11:54
to improve the quality of life -
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ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“
11:56
the level of satisfaction
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ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืง
11:58
and comfort that a person or group enjoys.
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ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืื“ื ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
12:01
That's all from us today.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžืืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
12:03
But remember toย join us again soon
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื›ืจื•ย ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘
12:05
for more topical discussion
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ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ
12:06
and vocabulary.
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ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:07
Bye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
12:08
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
12:14
Hello and welcome to
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
12:16
6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
12:17
And I'm Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
12:18
Now Sam, how would you define eSports?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ eSports?
12:22
eSports? Well this is essentially
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ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื
12:25
competitiveย video gaming.
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ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื.
12:27
Individuals and teams take part in competitions
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช
12:31
where they play video games.
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
12:32
So just like me and my kids
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ืื– ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
12:34
at the weekend?
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข?
12:36
Well, no! eSports is enormous
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœื! eSports ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื
12:40
tens of thousandsย of people turn up to
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ืฉืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื
12:42
watch these events.
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
12:44
The players are professional and get paid
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ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœืžื™ื
12:46
hugeย salaries - the best ones are millionaires.
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ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืชืง - ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจื™ื.
12:50
Well, maybe i'm not quite in that league yet!
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ื–ื•!
12:52
But theย business of eSports is our
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ืื‘ืœย ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœ eSports ื”ื•ื
12:54
topic for this programme.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•.
12:56
Before we press 'play' on the subject
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ 'ื”ืคืขืœ' ื‘ื ื•ืฉื
12:58
though, a question.
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, ืฉืืœื”.
12:59
Approximately how much was generated
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ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื ื•ืฆืจ
13:01
by eSports and video gamesย in the last year?
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ eSports ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”? ื”ืื
13:04
Was it... a) $130 million?
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”... ื) 130 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ?
13:07
b) $13 billion?
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ื‘) 13 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ?
13:10
or, c) $130 billion?
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ืื•, ื’) 130 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ?
13:13
Whatย do you think then Sam?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืื– ืกื?
13:14
I'm going to say $130 billion.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื•ืžืจ 130 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
13:18
It's a huge amount, but I think it's that
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ื–ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš
13:21
successful at the moment.
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ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื›ืจื’ืข.
13:23
OK, we'll find out if you're right
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ืœื” ืื ืืชื” ืžืžืฉ
13:24
at the end of the programme.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
13:26
Not so longย ago the idea of
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจื‘ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
13:28
making a living playing computer games
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ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืžืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘
13:30
would have seemed impossible.
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ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
13:32
However,ย times have changed as technology
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
13:35
has improved.
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ื”ืฉืชืคืจื”.
13:36
eSports are even going to be included in
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eSports ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื™ื›ืœืœ
13:38
the 2022ย Asian Games.
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ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืืกื™ื” 2022.
13:41
So it might not be long before they
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื
13:42
make an appearance at the Olympics.
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ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”.
13:44
Gabriรซl Rau isย a pro-eSportsman.
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืจืื• ื”ื•ืย ืื™ืฉ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
13:47
He was interviewed for the BBC
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”-BBC
13:49
programme In Business.
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In Business.
13:51
He thinks eSports are going toย grow
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆืžื•ื—
13:53
and grow, but does he think that's
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ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”
13:55
a bad thing?
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข?
13:56
It's becoming more of a normal
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:58
sports thingย with this generation
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ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ย ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
14:00
about to have children and moving forward
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ื
14:05
I feel like it might evenย become a staple.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™.
14:08
Might become as normal as sports
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜
14:10
are right now.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
14:11
I don't think it
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”
14:12
necessarily has to be a bad thing.
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ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข.
14:14
it is time-consuming though,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื–ืžืŸ,
14:15
so I feel like, if you do want to
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”
14:18
introduce anybody, especially children,
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ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
14:21
in the video games, discipline
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ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืžืฉืžืขืช
14:22
is the wayย to go.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš.
14:23
So is the growth of eSports a bad thing?
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ืื– ื”ืื ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ eSports ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข?
14:26
Not, according to Gabriรซl.
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ืœื, ืœืคื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ.
14:28
He thinks that people havingย children
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื
14:30
now have grown up with computer games
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื“ืœื• ืขื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘
14:33
and these are beginning to be seen
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ื•ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช
14:35
in the same way as traditional sports.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.
14:38
In fact, he thinks they will become a staple.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™.
14:41
Andย what does he mean by that?
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”?
14:43
Something that is a staple is a
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื•ื
14:46
basic element, something we expect.
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ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื•.
14:50
For example, in the UK
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
14:52
we talk about potatoes
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”
14:53
being a staple food
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ื”ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™
14:55
and football being a stapleย of the
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ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
14:57
school curriculum.
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ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
14:58
But he does mention a disadvantage,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ,
15:01
doesn't he?
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ืœื?
15:02
Yes. He speaks quiteย quickly
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ
15:04
but he says that it is time-consuming.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื–ืžืŸ.
15:07
It eats up a lot of time!
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ!
15:09
Oh yes, I know that fromย my
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”
15:11
own experience.
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ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
15:12
I can start playing a game and then
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ืื–
15:13
find that many hours have passed
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
15:15
and it'sย the middle of the night.
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ื•ื–ื”ย ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
15:16
And that's why Gabriรซl goes on to
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš
15:20
talk about the need for discipline.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืžืขืช.
15:22
Thisย is having strict controls
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ื–ื”ย ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ืช
15:24
and restrictions and importantly
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘
15:26
sticking to them.
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ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
15:28
So, for example ifย you say
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ
15:30
you're only going to play for an hour
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ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื—ืง ืจืง ืฉืขื”
15:32
every day, you have to stop playing
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉื—ืง
15:34
after an hour,ย even if you want to carry on.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื”, ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš.
15:37
That's discipline.
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ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขืช.
15:38
And he makes the point that
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ
15:39
this is importantย if you're introducing
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ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ย ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื’
15:42
children to video games.
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
15:43
Not everyone involved in eSports
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ืœื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘-eSports
15:45
wants to be aย player.
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ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืชย ืฉื—ืงืŸ.
15:47
It's now possible to study the
449
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ื›ืขืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช
15:48
business of eSports university
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ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช eSports,
15:50
where you can learn how to
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ืฉื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“
15:52
manage eSports events.
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ืœื ื”ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ eSports.
15:54
These are the thoughts of a student
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ืืœื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช
15:56
on one of those courses talking about
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ
15:58
her response to seeing a big eSports event.
455
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืข eSports ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
16:01
When you look at the background of
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœ
16:03
how it all comesย together
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ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœย ืžืกืชื“ืจ
16:04
and the the people that spend
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื ืืช
16:08
all that time getting into it,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”,
16:10
for me I would love to putย something
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืืฉืžื— ืœื—ื‘ืจย ืžืฉื”ื•
16:11
like that together, not so much
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ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
16:12
play it but to put that together
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ืœืฉื—ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืืœื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื”
16:14
and createย that
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจย ืืช ื–ื”
16:15
experience for other people
464
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ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
16:17
and that was just my main
465
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื™
16:18
aspiration really.
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ื‘ืืžืช.
16:20
Soย she doesn't want to play does she?
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื—ืง ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
16:22
No she doesn't.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœื.
16:23
She seems more interested in
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:25
putting togetherย an event,
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ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืข,
16:27
which means setting up
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ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ืงื™ื
16:29
and managing an event for others
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2502
ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืื—ืจื™ื
16:31
to take part in.
473
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง.
16:32
That she said, wasย her aspiration,
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ื–ืืช, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”,
16:35
her ambition.
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ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”.
16:37
Right, before we review the vocabulary,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
16:39
let's have the answer to our quizย question.
477
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
16:42
Approximately how much was generated
478
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2004
ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื ื•ืฆืจ
16:44
by eSports and video games in the last year?
479
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2748
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ eSports ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”?
16:47
a) $130ย million?
480
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ื) 130 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ?
16:49
b) $13 billion? or c) $130 billion?
481
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5239
ื‘) 13 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ? ืื• ื’) 130 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ?
16:55
What did youย say, Sam?
482
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1280
ืžื” ืืžืจืช, ืกืื?
16:56
I thought $130 billion.
483
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2608
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ 130 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื•ืคืขื
16:58
And, for once, you're right so
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2234
ืื—ืช ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš
17:01
well done.
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902
ื˜ื•ื‘.
17:02
Theย actual figure was approximately
486
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2070
ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›
17:04
$137 billion, which is more than the
487
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4142
-137 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:08
music industry whenย you include music
488
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ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื™ื
17:10
sales and concerts.
489
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ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื.
17:11
Right on now to remind ourselves of
490
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ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
17:14
some words and phrases
491
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ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื
17:15
fromย today's programme.
492
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ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:17
Yes, we've been looking at eSports,
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช eSports,
17:20
the world of competitive video gaming.
494
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2490
ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื.
17:22
We heardย that it was becoming so normal
495
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2075
ืฉืžืขื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ืจืžืœื™
17:24
that it might become a staple,
496
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ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™,
17:26
an expected basic activity in the
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ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื•
17:29
same way sports like football are.
498
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2024
ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ.
17:31
But be warned,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘,
17:32
playing video games is very
500
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1892
ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•
17:34
time-consuming.
501
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ืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
17:35
It eats up a lot of time.
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ื–ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
17:37
So you need to have discipline.
503
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ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžืฉืžืขืช.
17:39
That means you need to have
504
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ
17:41
and keep toย restrictions such as the
505
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1985
ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœย ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•
17:43
length of time you play or the
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ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืื•
17:45
time of day you play.
507
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ื”ืฉืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง.
17:46
That is particularlyย important for children.
508
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
17:48
If you organize an event,
509
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ืื ืืชื ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข,
17:51
you can say that you put it together.
510
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืชื ืื•ืชื•.
17:53
And yourย ambition, your hope for the future
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ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœืš, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœืš ืœืขืชื™ื“
17:55
is an aspiration.
512
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1809
ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืคื”.
17:57
And my aspiration is to beat my
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2255
ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฆื— ืืช
17:59
high score on myย favourite game,
514
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ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื™,
18:02
so are we done now, Neil?
515
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ืื– ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื™ืœ?
18:03
Yes, it's game over for today.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื ื’ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ื.
18:05
We'll see you again soon andย don't
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ื ืชืจืื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ืืœ
18:06
forget to look out for more from the BBC
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ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื•ื“
18:08
Learning English team online,
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ืžืฆื•ื•ืช BBC Learning English ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
18:10
on social media andย on our app.
520
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
18:12
Bye for now.
521
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655
ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
18:13
Bye everyone!
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1012
ื‘ื™ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื!
18:18
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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2256
ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
18:21
from BBC Learning English.
524
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1537
ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
18:22
I'm Neil.
525
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
18:23
And I'm Georgina.
526
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”.
18:24
If you've ever done shopping
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1737
ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ืฆืขืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช
18:26
online, then you may well have
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉืช
18:28
used the internet giant, Amazon.
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ื‘ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืืžื–ื•ืŸ.
18:30
From its origins as an onlineย bookstore,
530
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2778
ืžืžืงื•ืจื” ื›ื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช,
18:33
Amazon has grown into grocery deliveries,
531
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2635
ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฆืžื—ื” ืœืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืžื›ื•ืœืช,
18:35
TV and music streaming and
532
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2063
ื”ื–ืจืžืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
18:37
even space exploration,ย making its founder,
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3109
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœืœ, ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื”,
18:41
Jeff Bezos, the richest person on earth.
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ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก, ืœืื“ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช.
18:43
Amazon is so successful it affects
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ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ
18:46
howย many of us live our lives,
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ื›ืžื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
18:48
so in this program we'll be taking a look
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ืื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ
18:50
inside the brain of Jeffย Bezos
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก
18:52
to find out how he thinks.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
18:54
When Jeff Bezos's friends talk about him,
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ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
18:57
three words they often useย are:
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ:
18:59
invention, risk-taking
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ื”ืžืฆืื”, ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื
19:02
and long-term vision.
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ื•ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
19:04
These are qualities which Bezos
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ืืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–ื•ืก
19:06
admired in hisย grandfather, Lawrence,
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ื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืืฆืœ ืกื‘ื•, ืœื•ืจื ืก, ืฉืžื’ื™ืœ
19:08
who from an early age taught
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ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช
19:10
Jeff that by careful thinking,
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ื’'ืฃ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื”
19:12
any problem can beย solved.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
19:14
As a boy, Jeff and his grandfather
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ื›ื™ืœื“, ื’'ืฃ ื•ืกื‘ื• ืชื™ืงื ื•
19:16
repaired an old broken down truck.
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ืžืฉืื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืœืงืœื”.
19:19
When interviewed today,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
19:20
Bezos sometimes compares Amazon
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ื‘ื–ื•ืก ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืืžื–ื•ืŸ
19:23
to that truck:
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ืœืžืฉืื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื:
19:24
very heavy, but impossible to
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ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
19:26
stop whenย it rolls downhill -
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ -
19:27
which is exactly what accidentally
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”
19:30
happened one day!
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ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“!
19:31
But do you know howย the story ends, Georgina?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”?
19:34
That's my quiz question.
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
19:35
What happened when the young
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ืžื” ืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
19:37
Jeff Bezos's carย accidentally rolled downhill?
561
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ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“?
19:40
Was it: a) Jeff jumped in and
562
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื) ื’'ืฃ ืงืคืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืžืฉืš
19:42
pulled the handbrake?
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ืืช ื‘ืœื ื”ื™ื“?
19:43
b) Jeff's grandadย lost a thumb?
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ื‘) ืกื‘ื ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ืื™ื‘ื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ?
19:46
or, c) Jeff's hair fell out?
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ืื•, ื’) ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืฉืœ ื’'ืฃ ื ืฉืจ?
19:49
Well, Jeff Bezos is bald so maybe
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ืงื™ืจื— ืื– ืื•ืœื™
19:51
it's c) his hairย fell out.
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ื–ื” ื’) ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื• ื ืฉืจ.
19:54
OK, Georgina.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”.
19:55
We'll find out later.
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ื ื’ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
19:57
As a company, Amazon has been
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ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
19:59
remarkably strong:ย it survived the
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ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื: ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื“ื” ืืช
20:01
dot com crash of 2000
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ืงืจื™ืกืช ื”-dot com ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2000
20:03
and saw profits jump during the Covid
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ื•ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš
20:05
pandemic asย more and more people
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ืžื’ื™ืคืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
20:07
started shopping online.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
20:09
Retail analyst, Natalie Berg,
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ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช, ื ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืจื’,
20:11
thinks Amazon'sย success is due
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช
20:13
to its customer strategy
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ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
20:15
as she explains to BBC
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”
20:17
Radio 4 programme, 'Seriously':
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC Radio 4, 'ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช':
20:20
Jeff Bezos applied this concept
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ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
20:22
to Amazon by relentlessly focusing on
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ืขืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช
20:25
customers, by puttingย them at the
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ื‘ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืชื
20:27
heart of the business - that that
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ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขืกืง - ืฉื–ื”
20:30
would attract more customers,
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ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช,
20:32
more traffic to itsย site
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื•,
20:33
which would in turn attract more sellers,
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื,
20:36
which would mean a greater selection
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
20:38
for customers, which again
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ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ื‘
20:40
would enhance the customer experience.
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ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
20:43
Natalie thinks that Amazon put
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ื ื˜ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืืช
20:44
customers atย the heart of their business -
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ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœื”ื -
20:47
in other words, they make customers
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
20:49
the most important part.
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ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
20:51
This improves Amazon's customer
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ
20:53
experienceย - a customer's total perception
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- ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—
20:56
ofย their experience with a business,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ย ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขืกืง,
20:58
including such things as the quality of
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช
21:00
serviceย and support if something goes wrong.
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ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชย ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉ.
21:03
Customers can write reviews on
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ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช
21:05
Amazon's website and happyย customers
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื
21:07
means more web traffic -
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ -
21:09
the number of people visiting
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื
21:10
a particular website.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
21:12
In theย difficult years following the
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ
21:13
dot com crash, Jeff Bezos started
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ืงืจื™ืกืช ื”-dot com, ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื”ืงื™ื ืืช
21:16
Market Place where otherย sellers compete
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Market Place ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื
21:19
with Amazon's own products.
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ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”.
21:21
More sellers brought more customers
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช,
21:23
which in turnย brought down prices.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.
21:25
Then in 2013, Bezos bought The
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ื•ืื– ื‘-2013, ื‘ื–ื•ืก ืงื ื” ืืช
21:27
Washington Post.
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ื”ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜.
21:29
And in 2019 he launched his
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช
21:31
spaceย exploration company, Blue Origin,
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื•, Blue Origin,
21:33
to explore mineral resources on Mars.
615
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื“ื™ื.
21:36
Most recently, Jeff Bezos
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก
21:38
has setย his sights on even bigger
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ืฉื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ
21:40
things - saving the future of the planet!
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- ื”ืฆืœืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ!
21:43
Bezos chose Tom Rivet-Carnac
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ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘-Tom Rivet-Carnac
21:46
of theย environmental group, Global Optimism,
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ืžื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช, Global Optimism,
21:48
to help Amazon meet climate initiative
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื
21:50
goals aimed at slowingย climate change.
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ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
21:53
Here is Tom Rivet-Carnac
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ื”ื ื” ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ื•ื•ื˜-ืงืจื ืง
21:55
telling David Baker, presenter of BBC
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ืžืกืคืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจ, ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”-BBC
21:58
Radio 4's Seriously,ย about
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Radio 4 ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช, ืขืœ
22:00
his conversation with Jeff Bezos:
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื• ืขื ื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก:
22:03
It did seem to me that it was a
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1323353
1987
ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื”
22:05
legacy issue for him, that
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1158
ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•,
22:06
he wanted to be on the right side of history.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
22:08
And you don't think it's just
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง
22:09
greenwashing in theย end?
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ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ?
22:11
How do you define that?
632
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ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”?
22:12
I mean, would you define greenwashing
633
1332887
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื greenwashing
22:14
if you said somebody got into thisย issue
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”
22:15
because they wanted to improve
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช
22:17
a reputation of a company or an individual?
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ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™?
22:20
Actually, that's fine. Right?
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื™ืžื™ืŸ?
22:21
As long as they do something
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•
22:22
meaningful and deliver a major outcome.
639
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
22:26
Protecting the planet isย what
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืย ืžื”
22:27
Jeff Bezos wants to be part
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ืฉื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง
22:29
of his legacyย - the achievements of his
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ืžื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื•ย - ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™
22:31
life that will continueย after he dies.
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ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ย ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื•.
22:34
In other words, Bezos wants to be
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื–ื•ืก ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
22:36
on the right side of history -
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” - ืœืคื™
22:37
judged to haveย acted correctly
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1979
22:39
or morally by future generations.
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ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืคืขืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช. ืขื
22:42
Ultimately though, it's real
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ื–ืืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
22:44
action on climateย change
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ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื™ื
22:45
that counts, not just greenwashing.
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
22:48
Do you know this new expression, Georgina?
651
1368145
1941
ื”ืื ืืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”?
22:50
Well, I knowย that whitewashing
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืกื™ื•ื“
22:52
means trying to hide the truth
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช
22:54
about something.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”ื•.
22:55
Right - so greenwashing means
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1899
ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ืื– ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”
22:57
tryingย to make people believe that
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ืœื ืกื•ืชย ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
22:58
your company is doing more to protect
657
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ืฉืœืš ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ
23:00
the environment than it reallyย is.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.
23:03
Well, with so many achievements
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื
23:04
already behind him, I'm sure
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
23:06
Jeff has made his grandparents
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ืฉื’'ืฃ ื’ืจื ืœืกื‘ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
23:08
veryย proud - which reminds me of
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2064
ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืื” - ืžื” ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช
23:10
your quiz question, Neil.
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ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื ื™ืœ.
23:11
Ah yes, I asked Georgina
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ืื”, ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”
23:13
what happened when the car
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ืžื” ืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
23:15
Jeff Bezos and his grandad, Lawrence were
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2145
ืฉื’'ืฃ ื‘ื–ื•ืก ื•ืกื‘ื•, ืœื•ืจื ืก ืชื™ืงื ื•,
23:17
fixing accidentally rolled downhill.
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ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“.
23:20
I thought itย was c)
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2009
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™
23:22
that Jeff lost all his hair.
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ืฉื’'ืฃ ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขืจื•.
23:24
Was I right?
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ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
23:25
No, you were wrong, I'm
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ืœื, ื˜ืขื™ืช, ืื ื™
23:26
afraid Georgina.
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ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”.
23:27
The correctย answer was that b) -
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘) -
23:30
his grandfather lost his thumb.
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ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื• ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ.
23:32
Ok, Neil
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื ื™ืœ
23:33
let's recap the vocabulary,
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
23:35
starting with customer experienceย -
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืœืงื•ื—ย -
23:37
a customer's feelings about their
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ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™
23:39
experience withย a business.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืขืย ืขืกืง.
23:40
If you put something at the heart of
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ืื ืืชื” ืฉื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœื‘
23:42
things, you make it the most important part.
681
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
23:45
Webย traffic is the number of people
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ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
23:47
visiting a website.
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ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ.
23:49
Your legacy means all your life
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ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš
23:51
achievementsย that will continue after
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ืฉื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืœืื—ืจ
23:53
your death.
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ืžื•ืชืš.
23:54
Someone who is on the right side
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
23:56
of history willย be judged positively
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ
23:58
by future generations.
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ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
24:00
And finally, greenwashing is when you
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื”
24:02
pretend thatย your company
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ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš
24:04
is doing more to protect
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ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ
24:05
the environment than it really is.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.
24:07
That's all for ourย peek
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœย ื”ืฆืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•
24:08
inside the brain of the world's richest man.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
24:11
Join us again next time
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”
24:12
when we'll be discussingย another
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื•ืŸ
24:14
trending topic. Bye for now!
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื’ืžืชื™ ืื—ืจ. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
24:16
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
24:22
Hello and welcome to
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
24:23
6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
701
1463824
1978
ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
24:25
This is programme where in just
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืชื•ืš
24:27
six minutes we discuss anย interesting topic
703
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ืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
24:29
and teach some related English vocabulary.
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ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
24:32
Joining me to do this is Rob.
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืจื•ื‘.
24:33
Hello.
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ืฉืœื•ื.
24:34
Nowย Rob, we know your main job
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœืš
24:37
is to work here at BBC Learning English
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื‘-BBC Learning English
24:39
but do you have a second job?
709
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”?
24:41
There's no time for two jobs
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
24:43
Neil, but if there was, I think I'd
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ื ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™
24:45
take photographs and sell them.
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ืžืฆืœื ื•ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื•ืชื.
24:47
I doย love photography so i might as well make
713
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2093
ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืืจื•ื•ื™ื—
24:49
some money from it.
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ืžื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืกืฃ.
24:50
Good thinking, Rob!
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ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจื•ื‘!
24:51
And havingย a second job,
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
24:52
particularly one that involves using your
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื–ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
24:54
skills and allows you to follow
718
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ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ
24:56
yourย interests, is called a side hustle.
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื™ืœื•ืœืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช.
24:59
Yes, a side hustle.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ืฆื“ื“ื™.
25:00
It's something more and more of us are
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
25:02
involved with these days.
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ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”.
25:03
And that's what we'll be talking about
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ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ
25:05
shortly.
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ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
25:06
Well, my side hustleย should
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”
25:07
be quiz master,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืกื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื,
25:08
because i'm always asking questions
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช
25:10
and today is no exception.
728
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
25:12
According toย the employee ratings website
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ืœืคื™ย ืืชืจ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
25:15
Glassdoor, which job is thought to be the
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Glassdoor, ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช
25:17
best to have in the UK thisย year?
731
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ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื”?
25:20
Is it a) a software engineer,
732
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื) ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืชื•ื›ื ื”,
25:23
b) a teacher, or,
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ื‘) ืžื•ืจื”, ืื•,
25:24
c) an audit manager.
734
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ื’) ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
25:26
Hmm, well, I suspect b) a teacher.
735
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ื”ืžืž, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ ื‘) ื‘ืžื•ืจื”.
25:30
Well, you'll just have to wait until
736
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืขื“
25:31
the end of the programme to find out.
737
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ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
25:33
But let's talk more about side
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
25:35
hustles - or a second job.
739
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ื”ื”ืžื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ - ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
25:36
For some people having two
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™
25:38
jobs is a necessity - a
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื— -
25:40
way to make ends meet.
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ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ.
25:41
Thatย means 'having just enough
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ 'ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืกืคื™ืง
25:43
money to pay for the things you
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ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื”
25:44
need'.
745
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684
ืฆืจื™ืš'.
25:45
That's true but it now seems that
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ
25:47
more people want to put their skills and
747
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
25:50
passions into practice to make
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—
25:52
extra money.
749
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658
25:52
According toย research by Henley Business
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ื›ืกืฃ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
ืขืœ ืคื™ย ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ
25:55
School around one in four
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืœื™, ื‘ืขืจืš ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื”
25:56
workers run at least one side-hustle
752
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2348
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืกืง ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžืืžืฅ ืฆื“ื“ื™
25:59
business,ย half of which were started in
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1559213
2160
,ย ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•
26:01
the past two years.
754
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1276
ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
26:02
Those aged 25 to 34 are most likely
755
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื ื™ 25 ืขื“ 34
26:05
to be involvedย with 37%
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ืย ื›ืืฉืจ 37%
26:08
thought to run a sideline of some kind.
757
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืงื• ืฆื“ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
26:10
A sideline also describes an extra
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ืฉื•ืจืช ืฆื“ ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ื’ื
26:12
job you doย alongside your main job.
759
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2653
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
26:15
BBC Radio 5 Live spoke to someone whose
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BBC Radio 5 Live ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื”ื”ืžื•ืœื”
26:17
side hustle was so satisfying
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ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกืคืงืช
26:20
that it turned into her day job.
762
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”.
26:22
Here is Elspbeth Jackson,
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1860
ื”ื ื” ืืœืกืคื‘ืช' ื’'ืงืกื•ืŸ,
26:23
founder of Ragged Life, to explain why:
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ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช Ragged Life, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข:
26:27
It'sย a different environment entirely because
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ื–ื•ย ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ
26:31
you're leaving essentially a very
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ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฆื
26:34
regular wage that you'dย get
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ืฉื›ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ
26:36
the same amount in month after month,
768
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2741
ืื•ืชื• ืกื›ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
26:38
you can put aside savings,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ,
26:41
the same amount every month
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1508
ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
26:43
and you have that certain amount of security.
771
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
26:46
But now I don't think I could go back
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ
26:48
to one ofย these big companies because
773
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ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ื™
26:49
you'd essentially be sacrificing the flexibility,
774
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4122
ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช,
26:54
which is somethingย I've become very
775
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1576
ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœืชื™
26:55
accustomed to now.
776
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1994
ืืœื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
26:57
Things have worked out well for Elspeth.
777
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืกืชื“ืจื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืกืคืช.
26:59
But there were risksย - for example,
778
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื - ืœืžืฉืœ,
27:02
leaving behind the security - the safetyย -
779
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ื”ืฉืืจืช ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช -
27:04
of a regular job and of course, a regular income.
780
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ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
27:07
Elspeth liked making rag rugs.
781
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ืืœืกืคืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืกืžืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื.
27:10
This has given her flexibility in her life
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ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”
27:12
and returning toย work at a big company would
783
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ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
27:15
be sacrificing that.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
27:16
That means 'giving something up
785
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1902
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ 'ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
27:18
or going withoutย it'.
786
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1467
ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•'.
27:20
And for Elspeth, her side hustle
787
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืกืคืช, ื”ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื”
27:21
has become a full-time job
788
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”
27:23
and she's become accustomed to
789
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื’ืœื” ืœืื•ืจื—
27:25
her lifestyle.
790
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1067
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
27:26
It's become familiar or normal.
791
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2151
ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื• ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
27:28
The BBC also spoke to Becci Mae Ford,
792
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2820
ื”-BBC ืฉื•ื—ื— ื’ื ืขื Becci Mae Ford,
27:31
who worksย some of the time
793
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1510
ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืชย ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ
27:32
for a telecommunications company
794
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1783
ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
27:34
to pay the bills, but spends the rest
795
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2166
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช
27:36
of her timeย developing her own
796
1656568
1786
ื–ืžื ื”ย ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—
27:38
crafting company Ellbie Co.
797
1658354
2495
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืฉืœื” Elbie Co.
27:40
How did she find having two jobs?
798
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ืื™ืš ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช?
27:43
I think it just givesย me creative balance,
799
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™,
27:46
and obviously working for the telecoms firm,
800
1666178
3327
ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœืงื•ื,
27:49
it gets me out of the house
801
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช
27:51
andย gets me to meet people in a
802
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1315
ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื
27:52
social environment.
803
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1006
ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜
27:53
It can be difficult to juggle the
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœืœื”ื˜ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ
27:55
two thoughย definitely.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
27:56
It's definitely a grind.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”.
27:58
It's a lot harder than people think
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืžืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
28:00
it's going to be.
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
28:01
So Becciย implies that it's not
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ืื– Becciย ืžืจืžื– ืฉืœื
28:04
always easy to have a side hustle.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ.
28:06
The benefit for her is the creative
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื
28:08
balanceย - a good mix of doing
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ย - ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ
28:09
office-based work, regular tasks and
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
28:12
a routine with working creatively,ย making
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ื•ืฉื’ืจื” ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช,ย ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ
28:14
things and getting pleasure from it.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื”.
28:17
But juggling - or balancing these two
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื•ื˜ื ื•ืช - ืื• ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™
28:19
things isย difficult and she described her
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ืย ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืืจื” ืืช
28:21
side hustle as sometimes being a
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ื”ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื›ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื
28:24
grind - hard work, tiring
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ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” - ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”, ืžืขื™ื™ืคืช
28:26
andย occasionally boring.
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ื•ืžืฉืขืžืžืช ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.
28:28
But overall, it does make her happy.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื–ื” ืžืฉืžื— ืื•ืชื”.
28:30
Now something that would make me
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉืžื— ืื•ืชื™
28:32
happy isย to give you the answer to today's
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ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
28:34
quiz question.
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ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
28:36
Earlier I asked you, according
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ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชืš,
28:37
to theย employee ratings website Glassdoor,
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ืœืคื™ย ืืชืจ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื Glassdoor,
28:40
which job is thought to be the best
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ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
28:42
to have inย the UK this year?
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื”?
28:44
Is it... a) a software engineer,
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ื”ืื ื–ื”... ื) ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืชื•ื›ื ื”,
28:47
b) a teacher, or, c) an audit manager?
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ื‘) ืžื•ืจื”, ืื•, ื’) ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช?
28:51
Yes and I saidย b) a teacher -
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ื›ืŸ ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘) ืžื•ืจื” -
28:53
always the best job in the world!
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื!
28:55
Sadly not, Rob.
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ืœืฆืขืจื™ ืœื, ืจื•ื‘.
28:56
Apparently, it is c) an audit manager
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื–ื” ื’) ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช
28:59
that is considered to be the best job to
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ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
29:00
have this year.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.
29:02
Audit managers are responsible
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ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ
29:03
forย organizing and overseeing internal audits.
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ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช.
29:07
The result was based on three factors:
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื:
29:09
average annualย base salary,
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ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
29:11
the current number of job openings,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช
29:13
and job satisfaction, according
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ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
29:15
to ratings shared byย employees on
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ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
29:17
the website over the past 12 months.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
29:19
So sounds like an interesting job
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ืื– ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ
29:21
for a sideย hustle, but
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ืฆื“ื“ื™, ืื‘ืœ
29:23
before I head off for a career change,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”,
29:25
let's remind ourselves of the main vocabulary
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™
29:27
we've discussed, starting with
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ื—ืœ
29:29
to 'make ends meet'.
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ื‘'ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ'.
29:31
When we make ends meet we
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื
29:32
have just enough moneyย to pay for the
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ
29:34
things we need.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
29:35
Next, we mentioned a sideline,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืงื• ืฆื“ื“ื™,
29:37
which describes an extra job you do
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ื”ืžืชืืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”
29:39
alongside your main job.
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
29:40
Then we had sacrificing that means
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”
29:43
giving up something important or
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ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื•
29:44
'goingย without something'.
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'ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•'.
29:46
Accustomed is a word to mean
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ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”
29:47
'usual or normal'.
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'ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื• ืจื’ื™ืœ'.
29:49
If you get accustomed to doingย something,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
29:51
it becomes the normal way of doing itย -
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” -
29:53
it becomes familiar.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ.
29:54
We also talked about theย expression
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
29:56
'creative balance'.
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'ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™'.
29:57
That describes getting the best mix of
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ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ
30:00
doing creative and uncreativeย tasks.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
30:02
And finally, 'grind' describes doing
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, 'ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ' ืžืชืืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
30:04
something that is tiring, difficult,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืงืฉื”,
30:06
sometimes boring andย involves lots of effort.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืขืžื ื•ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืžืฅ.
30:10
Well this program has not been
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
30:11
a grind, Rob.
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ื˜ืจื—ื”, ืจื•ื‘.
30:12
It's been six minutes of pleasure.
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ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ื’.
30:14
Don't forget you can learn more
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ
30:16
English with us on our website
876
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•
30:18
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com.
30:19
Bye for now.
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
30:20
Bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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