Olympics: Tokyo too hot for athletes?: BBC News Review

68,577 views ใƒป 2021-06-01

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Hello. Welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English. I'm Tom.
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœ-News Review ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ื.
00:04
Joining me this morning is Catherine. Hi Catherine.
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ.
00:07
Hello Tom. Hello everybody. Yes, there is a new report which is asking
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ืฉืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื“ื•"ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืฉื•ืืœ
00:12
if the health of Olympic athletes is at risk because of climate change.
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ืื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
00:18
And don't forget โ€“ if you want to test yourself on today's language,
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:22
we have a quiz at the website bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ bbclearningenglish.com.
00:26
Now, let's hear more about this story from a BBC News report:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”-BBC:
00:58
Yes, there's a new report out about the effects of climate change
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ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
01:02
on the health of Olympic athletes.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื.
01:05
Now, it turns out that the temperature has risen in Tokyo
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ื›ืขืช, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ืขืœืชื” ืคื™
01:09
three times as much as it has in other places around the world.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืขืœืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:14
This causes extreme heat,
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
01:17
which the report says will put the health of Olympic athletes at risk.
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ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื™ืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื.
01:22
OK. And we've got three words and expressions that
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ
01:25
our audience can use to talk about this story today, right?
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ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:29
Right! We have: 'mean', 'tame' and 'adversely'.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•: 'ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ', 'ืžืืœืฃ' ื•'ืœืจืขื”'.
01:35
'Mean', 'tame', 'adversely'.
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'ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ', 'ืžืืœืฃ', 'ืœืจืขื”'.
01:39
Catherine, let's have a look at your first piece of language please.
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
01:43
Yes, we're in the United States. We are looking at part of the
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœืง
01:47
story and it goes like this โ€“ from Newswise:
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ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ื›ื” - ืž-Newswise:
02:05
'Mean' โ€“ average. What can you tell us about 'mean', Catherine?
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'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' - ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ 'ืžืจื•ืฉืข', ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
02:10
OK. I'm actually not going to tell you, Tom,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœืš, ื˜ื•ื,
02:12
because I don't like you very much...
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“...
02:15
What do you 'mean'?? That's a bit 'mean'!
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ืœืžื” ืืชื” 'ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ'?? ื–ื” ืงืฆืช 'ืžืจื•ืฉืข'!
02:17
ย  Mean, mean, mean, mean, mean!
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ืžืจื•ืฉืข, ืžืจื•ืฉืข, ืžืจื•ืฉืข, ืžืจื•ืฉืข, ืžืจื•ืฉืข!
02:20
OK. So, there's clearly a lot of 'meanings' of this word 'mean'.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” 'ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช' ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช'.
02:25
This word 'mean' represents many things.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
02:27
What does it represent here, Catherine?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื›ืืŸ, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
02:30
OK. Today we're looking at 'mean' in a mathematical sense.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ 'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืชืžื˜ื™.
02:36
'Mean' is a mathematical term and it means average.
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'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื— ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
02:41
Average. OK. And here it's an adjective, right?
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ืžึฐืžื•ึผืฆึธืข. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:46
Because we're talking about the 'mean annual temperature'
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช'
02:48
or the 'average annual temperatures'.
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ืื• 'ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช'.
02:51
Yes, it's an adjective, spelt: M-E-A-N.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ, ื›ืชื™ื‘: M-E-A-N.
02:55
And we can also use it as a noun. You can talk about 'the mean',
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ 'ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข',
02:59
which means the average. So, what's all this average about?
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ืื–, ืขืœ ืžื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื–ื”?
03:03
Well, let's give you a demonstration with Rob and his biscuit consumption.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
03:09
I was measuring his biscuit consumption. I did an observation
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ืžื“ื“ืชื™ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื• . ืขืฉื™ืชื™
03:13
study of him and I discovered that on Monday he ate five biscuits,
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ืขืœื™ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืชืฆืคื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื,
03:19
on Tuesday he ate four biscuits and on Wednesday he ate three biscuits.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื.
03:25
So, that's twelve biscuits total, right?
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ืื–, ื–ื” ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:27
Yes, but I divided that by the number of days that I was doing my study on,
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ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืœืงืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™,
03:33
and that makes an average, or a 'mean', of four biscuits:
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืื• 'ืžืžื•ืฆืข', ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื:
03:39
his daily consumption was a 'mean' four biscuits.
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ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” 'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื.
03:43
So, the 'mean' value is four, or the average value is four.
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ืื–, ื”ืขืจืš ื”'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข, ืื• ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข.
03:47
Or we could just say, 'The mean is four.' Cool, OK.
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ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข'. ืžื’ื ื™ื‘, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
03:52
I mean, this is all good, this mathematical talk,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
03:55
but why is it important that people know this?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื–ื”?
03:58
Well, it's important if you're studying mathematics or if you're,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื• ืื ืืชื”, ืืชื”
04:01
you know, working in that field, the word 'mean' is used frequently.
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ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:06
Average is your everyday English term.
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ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš.
04:08
It's good to know both of them because you will see both
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ืืช ืฉืชื™
04:11
terminologies, and also if you're doing an exam such as IELTS,
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ื”ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• IELTS,
04:15
it's good to show off your English and ensure that you know these words.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:18
You can show off that you know all the 'meanings' of the word 'mean',
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”'ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช' ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช',
04:22
if you know what I 'mean'. OK. Let's...
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืื ื™ 'ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ'. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื•...
04:24
Thank you very much, Catherine. Let's move onto our summary slide please:
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
04:35
So, we've seen that 'mean' can have many meanings,
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ืื– ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœ'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:39
but sometimes people can have many meanings as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
04:43
Phil, my colleague, did a show about this, right Catherine?
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ืคื™ืœ, ืขืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™, ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
04:46
He did, because it turns out that people don't always 'mean' what
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ 'ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื' ืœืžื”
04:50
you think they 'mean', so he did a show called What They Really Mean.
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ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื 'ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื', ืื– ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื What They Really Mean.
04:54
And you can find out what they really mean by clicking the link.
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžื” ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
04:59
OK. Wonderful. Right, great! Catherine,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื ึดืคืœึธื. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืขื•ืœื”! ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื
05:02
let's have a look at your second piece of language today please.
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ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
05:07
Yes, we're in the Daily Mail here in the UK now โ€“ the headline:
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
05:22
It's actually quite a long headline;
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื“ื™ ืืจื•ื›ื”; ื–ื”
05:24
I've just given you the first half there.
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ืขืชื” ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื.
05:26
Fantastic. OK. So, 'tame' โ€“ control something that was once wild.
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ืคึทื ื˜ึทืกื˜ึดื™. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, 'ืœืืœืฃ' - ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืคืจืื™.
05:34
What can you tell us about this word, Catherine?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
05:37
OK. So, it's a verb: 'to tame' โ€“ T-A-M-E.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ: 'ืœืืœืฃ' โ€“ ืช-ื-ืž-ื”.
05:41
And we often use this when we mean to control or domesticate a wild animal.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืื• ืœื‘ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืจ.
05:50
...OK. Can you... so, 'tame' is to make something that was wild,
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...ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ... ืื–, 'ืœืืœืฃ' ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ืข,
05:54
sort of, controllable; can you give us an example of this?
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ื‘ืขืจืš, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”; ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื–ื”?
05:57
Well, I can actually. Funnily enough,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื,
06:00
there was a bird who used to live in the garden,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื’ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”,
06:02
but it started coming into the house and it became, kind of,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื”, ื‘ืขืจืš,
06:06
more and more used to humans, and in the end this bird lived in the house.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื’ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
06:10
It was a wild bird โ€“ a blackbird.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจ - ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื”.
06:12
It ate with the family, it slept in the house, it was actually, you know,
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ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
06:16
living with us and lost its fear of humans. So, it was pretty 'tame'.
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ื’ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ 'ืžืื•ืœื'.
06:21
A 'tame' bird.
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ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ 'ืžืื•ืœืคืช'.
06:23
So, an animal can 'be tame'; or to make an animal 'tame',
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ืื–, ื—ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืœืฃ'; ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื™ื” 'ืœืืœืฃ',
06:27
we need 'to tame' it. Are there any other ways that we can use this word?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื 'ืœืืœืฃ' ืื•ืชื”. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•?
06:32
Well, it's not just for animals; it's for anything that's,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื; ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืฉื”
06:34
kind of, hard to control and then you get it under control. So,
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ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื• ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ืื–,
06:39
a lot of us have had problems with our lockdown hair, haven't we Tom?
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ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ื ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื?
06:44
I don't know what you mean, Catherine...!
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ...!
06:45
Getting wilder and wilder. And we've had...
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ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืคืจืข. ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•... ืืชื”
06:48
you know, we have to 'tame' our wild and crazy hair.
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ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื 'ืœืืœืฃ' ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืข ื•ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:52
That's one way: you often talk about 'taming' hair.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช: ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ 'ืื™ืœื•ืฃ' ืฉื™ืขืจ.
06:55
You can 'tame' a toddler or a child, you know. We don't actually โ€“
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœืืœืฃ' ืคืขื•ื˜ ืื• ื™ืœื“, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื โ€“
06:59
kind of, you know โ€“ do anything; it's more a case of socialising.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื โ€“ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ; ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืขืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
07:03
So, we can use it in anything that's a little bit out of control:
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืฆืช ื™ืฆื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื”:
07:07
you can use the word 'to tame' to bring something under control.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืœืืœืฃ' ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
07:11
So, something that's not wild is 'tame', and you can also use this
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ืื– ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืคืจืื™ ื”ื•ื 'ืžืืœืฃ', ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื
07:15
in a negative way, can't you? Like if something's not very exciting.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืœื? ื›ืžื• ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
07:19
Yeah, you can. You know, if you go to the
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ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš
07:20
cinema and you're expecting a really exciting action film,
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ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ืืชื” ืžืฆืคื” ืœืกืจื˜ ืืงืฉืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื’ืฉ,
07:24
and it's actually not that exciting โ€“ the effects aren't that good,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ืฉ - ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
07:28
the action's a bit underwhelming, a bit boring โ€“
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ื”ืืงืฉืŸ ืงืฆืช ืžืœื—ื™ืฅ, ืงืฆืช ืžืฉืขืžื -
07:31
you can say: 'Well, that was a bit tame.'
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“:' ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืื•ืœืฃ'.
07:34
A bit 'tame', right? OK. Great.
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ืงืฆืช 'ืžืืœืฃ', ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
07:37
So, hopefully you guys aren't finding this episode of
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ
07:39
News Review a bit 'tame'... No, it's wild!
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News Review ืงืฆืช 'ืžืื•ืœืฃ'... ืœื, ื–ื” ืคืจืื™!
07:43
And to make sure of that, let's move on to our next slide:
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•:
07:54
OK. We were just talking about animals that live with humans.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืจืง ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
07:58
We have an episode of Lingohack,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืจืง ืฉืœ Lingohack,
08:00
which addresses some problems to do with this, right Catherine?
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ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
08:02
Yes, it's all about the trade in baby elephants between zoos,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช,
08:08
and to find out more about that story just click the link.
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
08:13
Great. OK. Let's have a look at that next article please.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
08:18
Yes, we're in the United States now, with CNN.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื CNN.
08:21
We have a snippet from an article and it goes like this:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงื˜ืข ืžืžืืžืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ื›ื”:
08:36
'Adversely' โ€“ negatively.
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'ืœืจืขื”' - ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
08:39
Catherine, what can you tell us about 'adversely'?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ 'ืœืจืขื”'?
08:42
OK. Well, we spell it: A-D-V-E-R-S-E-L-Y.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื–ื”: ื-ื“-ื•-ืข-ืจ-ืฉ-ืื™-ืœ-ื™.
08:47
It's an adverb and it means the same as negatively.
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ื–ื” ืชื•ืืจ ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
08:52
If something's 'adversely' affected or 'adversely' impacted,
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืœืจืขื” ืื• ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืœืจืขื”,
08:57
it's negatively impacted or affected.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืื• ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืœืจืขื”.
09:01
So, the athletes... So, what this sentence is saying is that the
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ืื–, ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื... ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืืชืœื˜ื™ื
09:04
athletes in Tokyo could be negatively affected by the heat, right?
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ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืœืจืขื” ืžื”ื—ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:08
Yes... exactly. Bad things will happen as a result of the heat.
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ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื™ืงืจื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื—ื•ื.
09:12
So, they could experience 'adverse' effects, right?
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ืื–, ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช 'ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช', ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:15
That's right, yes: 'adverse' effects.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ: ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช 'ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช'.
09:18
Yes, and we also โ€“ that's the adjective form: A-D-V-E-R-S-E.
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• โ€“ ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ: ื-ื“-ื•-ื”-ืจ-ืฉ-ื”.
09:24
We have a noun form: 'adversity',
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฆื: 'ืžืฆื•ืงื”',
09:29
which is... it means negativity.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ... ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช.
09:32
Negativity, yes.
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ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ.
09:34
So, I suppose if the athletes in the Olympics are met with 'adversity',
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘'ืžืฆื•ืงื”',
09:38
it means โ€“ kind of โ€“ negativity or negative conditions.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ - ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ - ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื.
09:41
Definitely, yes. And that's a very nice little fixed phrase:
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืข ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื—ืžื“:
09:44
'to be met with adversity' means to experience negative conditions.
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'ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ
09:51
And we do have one other noun form,
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ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฆื ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช,
09:53
right, which can be used to describe a person.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืื“ื.
09:56
Yes, 'adversary': somebody who is your opponent,
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ื›ืŸ, 'ื™ืจื™ื‘': ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš,
09:59
either in a competition or just generally something who you...
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ืื• ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืื• ืกืชื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื”...
10:03
somebody who you're always, kind of, up against โ€“ competing with.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืžื•ืœื• - ืžืชื—ืจื” ืื™ืชื•.
10:06
Adversary โ€“ your opponent.
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ื™ืจื™ื‘ - ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš.
10:09
So, one of my British sporting heroes, Tyson Fury, the boxer โ€“
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ืื–, ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ , ื˜ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืคื™ื•ืจื™, ื”ืžืชืื’ืจืฃ -
10:13
he would go in the ring to compete against his adversary โ€“ his opponent.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื• - ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•.
10:18
Yes... Good example. Great. OK.
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ื›ืŸ... ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
10:20
Now, before we 'adversely' affect this broadcast,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• 'ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืขื”' ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
10:24
let's take a look at our summary slide please:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•:
10:34
Wonderful. Catherine, can you recap today's vocabulary for us please?
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ื ืคืœื. ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืกื›ื ืœื ื• ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื?
10:38
Of course. We had: 'mean' โ€“ average.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•: 'ืžืžื•ืฆืข' โ€“ ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
10:42
'Tame' โ€“ control something which was once wild.
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'ืœืืœืฃ' - ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืคืจืื™.
10:46
And 'adversely', which means negatively.
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ื•'ืœืจืขื”', ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
10:51
OK. Don't forget โ€“ if you want to test yourself on today's vocabulary,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
10:54
we have a quiz at the website, which is bbclearningenglish.com,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื bbclearningenglish.com,
10:58
and I'm sure you know that we are all over social
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ
11:01
media as well, so do get in touch. That's it from us today.
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ืื– ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื’ืขืช. ื–ื” ื–ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:04
Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช.
11:06
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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