Olympics: Tokyo too hot for athletes?: BBC News Review

68,527 views ・ 2021-06-01

BBC Learning English


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Hello. Welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English. I'm Tom.
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Joining me this morning is Catherine. Hi Catherine.
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Hello Tom. Hello everybody. Yes, there is a new report which is asking
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if the health of Olympic athletes is at risk because of climate change.
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And don't forget – if you want to test yourself on today's language,
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we have a quiz at the website bbclearningenglish.com.
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Now, let's hear more about this story from a BBC News report:
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Yes, there's a new report out about the effects of climate change
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on the health of Olympic athletes.
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Now, it turns out that the temperature has risen in Tokyo
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three times as much as it has in other places around the world.
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This causes extreme heat,
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which the report says will put the health of Olympic athletes at risk.
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OK. And we've got three words and expressions that
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our audience can use to talk about this story today, right?
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Right! We have: 'mean', 'tame' and 'adversely'.
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'Mean', 'tame', 'adversely'.
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Catherine, let's have a look at your first piece of language please.
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Yes, we're in the United States. We are looking at part of the
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story and it goes like this – from Newswise:
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'Mean' – average. What can you tell us about 'mean', Catherine?
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OK. I'm actually not going to tell you, Tom,
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because I don't like you very much...
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What do you 'mean'?? That's a bit 'mean'!
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  Mean, mean, mean, mean, mean!
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OK. So, there's clearly a lot of 'meanings' of this word 'mean'.
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This word 'mean' represents many things.
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What does it represent here, Catherine?
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OK. Today we're looking at 'mean' in a mathematical sense.
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'Mean' is a mathematical term and it means average.
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Average. OK. And here it's an adjective, right?
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Because we're talking about the 'mean annual temperature'
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or the 'average annual temperatures'.
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Yes, it's an adjective, spelt: M-E-A-N.
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And we can also use it as a noun. You can talk about 'the mean',
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which means the average. So, what's all this average about?
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Well, let's give you a demonstration with Rob and his biscuit consumption.
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I was measuring his biscuit consumption. I did an observation
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study of him and I discovered that on Monday he ate five biscuits,
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on Tuesday he ate four biscuits and on Wednesday he ate three biscuits.
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So, that's twelve biscuits total, right?
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Yes, but I divided that by the number of days that I was doing my study on,
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and that makes an average, or a 'mean', of four biscuits:
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his daily consumption was a 'mean' four biscuits.
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So, the 'mean' value is four, or the average value is four.
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Or we could just say, 'The mean is four.' Cool, OK.
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I mean, this is all good, this mathematical talk,
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but why is it important that people know this?
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Well, it's important if you're studying mathematics or if you're,
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you know, working in that field, the word 'mean' is used frequently.
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Average is your everyday English term.
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It's good to know both of them because you will see both
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terminologies, and also if you're doing an exam such as IELTS,
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it's good to show off your English and ensure that you know these words.
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You can show off that you know all the 'meanings' of the word 'mean',
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if you know what I 'mean'. OK. Let's...
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Thank you very much, Catherine. Let's move onto our summary slide please:
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So, we've seen that 'mean' can have many meanings,
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but sometimes people can have many meanings as well.
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Phil, my colleague, did a show about this, right Catherine?
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He did, because it turns out that people don't always 'mean' what
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you think they 'mean', so he did a show called What They Really Mean.
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And you can find out what they really mean by clicking the link.
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OK. Wonderful. Right, great! Catherine,
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let's have a look at your second piece of language today please.
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Yes, we're in the Daily Mail here in the UK now – the headline:
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It's actually quite a long headline;
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I've just given you the first half there.
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Fantastic. OK. So, 'tame' – control something that was once wild.
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What can you tell us about this word, Catherine?
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OK. So, it's a verb: 'to tame' – T-A-M-E.
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And we often use this when we mean to control or domesticate a wild animal.
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...OK. Can you... so, 'tame' is to make something that was wild,
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sort of, controllable; can you give us an example of this?
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Well, I can actually. Funnily enough,
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there was a bird who used to live in the garden,
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but it started coming into the house and it became, kind of,
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more and more used to humans, and in the end this bird lived in the house.
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It was a wild bird – a blackbird.
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It ate with the family, it slept in the house, it was actually, you know,
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living with us and lost its fear of humans. So, it was pretty 'tame'.
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A 'tame' bird.
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So, an animal can 'be tame'; or to make an animal 'tame',
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we need 'to tame' it. Are there any other ways that we can use this word?
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Well, it's not just for animals; it's for anything that's,
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kind of, hard to control and then you get it under control. So,
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a lot of us have had problems with our lockdown hair, haven't we Tom?
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I don't know what you mean, Catherine...!
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Getting wilder and wilder. And we've had...
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you know, we have to 'tame' our wild and crazy hair.
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That's one way: you often talk about 'taming' hair.
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You can 'tame' a toddler or a child, you know. We don't actually –
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kind of, you know – do anything; it's more a case of socialising.
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So, we can use it in anything that's a little bit out of control:
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you can use the word 'to tame' to bring something under control.
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So, something that's not wild is 'tame', and you can also use this
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in a negative way, can't you? Like if something's not very exciting.
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Yeah, you can. You know, if you go to the
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cinema and you're expecting a really exciting action film,
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and it's actually not that exciting – the effects aren't that good,
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the action's a bit underwhelming, a bit boring –
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you can say: 'Well, that was a bit tame.'
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A bit 'tame', right? OK. Great.
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So, hopefully you guys aren't finding this episode of
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News Review a bit 'tame'... No, it's wild!
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And to make sure of that, let's move on to our next slide:
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OK. We were just talking about animals that live with humans.
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We have an episode of Lingohack,
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which addresses some problems to do with this, right Catherine?
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Yes, it's all about the trade in baby elephants between zoos,
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and to find out more about that story just click the link.
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Great. OK. Let's have a look at that next article please.
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Yes, we're in the United States now, with CNN.
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We have a snippet from an article and it goes like this:
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'Adversely' – negatively.
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Catherine, what can you tell us about 'adversely'?
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OK. Well, we spell it: A-D-V-E-R-S-E-L-Y.
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It's an adverb and it means the same as negatively.
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If something's 'adversely' affected or 'adversely' impacted,
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it's negatively impacted or affected.
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So, the athletes... So, what this sentence is saying is that the
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athletes in Tokyo could be negatively affected by the heat, right?
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Yes... exactly. Bad things will happen as a result of the heat.
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So, they could experience 'adverse' effects, right?
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That's right, yes: 'adverse' effects.
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Yes, and we also – that's the adjective form: A-D-V-E-R-S-E.
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We have a noun form: 'adversity',
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which is... it means negativity.
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Negativity, yes.
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So, I suppose if the athletes in the Olympics are met with 'adversity',
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it means – kind of – negativity or negative conditions.
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Definitely, yes. And that's a very nice little fixed phrase:
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'to be met with adversity' means to experience negative conditions.
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And we do have one other noun form,
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right, which can be used to describe a person.
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Yes, 'adversary': somebody who is your opponent,
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either in a competition or just generally something who you...
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somebody who you're always, kind of, up against – competing with.
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Adversary – your opponent.
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So, one of my British sporting heroes, Tyson Fury, the boxer –
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he would go in the ring to compete against his adversary – his opponent.
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Yes... Good example. Great. OK.
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Now, before we 'adversely' affect this broadcast,
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let's take a look at our summary slide please:
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Wonderful. Catherine, can you recap today's vocabulary for us please?
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Of course. We had: 'mean' – average.
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'Tame' – control something which was once wild.
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And 'adversely', which means negatively.
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OK. Don't forget – if you want to test yourself on today's vocabulary,
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we have a quiz at the website, which is bbclearningenglish.com,
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and I'm sure you know that we are all over social
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media as well, so do get in touch. That's it from us today.
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Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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Goodbye!
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