How to be Polite in English - | Top Tips for Language Learners!

47,832 views ใƒป 2021-09-27

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
I don't know about you, but I don't like it when people are rude.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืื™ืชื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื’ืกื™ื.
00:11
Politeness is generally very important,
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ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
00:13
especially if you want people to help you with something.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
00:17
If you want someone to do something for you, there are different ways of
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
00:20
expressing it in English, depending on how polite you want to be.
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ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื ื•ืžืก ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
00:27
If I say:
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ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ:
00:28
"Open the window!"
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"ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ!"
00:30
ย  it's quite direct, isn't it?
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ืœื?
00:32
It's the imperative form, which is more or less an order.
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ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื•.
00:36
"Open the window, please!"
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"ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”!"
00:38
Adding the word 'please' does make it more polite,
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ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”' ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื•ืžืก,
00:40
but it's still quite direct.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจ.
00:42
ย  "Can you open the window, please?"
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?"
00:45
Now we are getting more polite, but why is this more polite?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื•ืžืก?
00:50
Well, one reason is because this is now a question.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื• ืฉืืœื”.
00:54
So it's more of a request than an order.
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ืื– ื–ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื”.
00:57
And because it's a question, it's easier to say no.
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ืฉืืœื”, ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื.
01:03
Let's now use could instead of can.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืคื—ื™ืช.
01:06
"Could you open the window, please?"
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?"
01:09
Could is more polite than can
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืžืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ
01:11
and this is where it begins to get interesting.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:15
Why is:
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ืœืžื” ื–ื”:
01:16
'Could you open the window, please?'
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'ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?'
01:18
more polite than:
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื•ืžืก ืžืืฉืจ:
01:19
'Can you open the window, please?'
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'ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?'
01:21
Well, it's all to do with the relationship
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ื—ืก
01:24
between can and could and the idea of distance, of remoteness.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง, ืฉืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง.
01:30
'Could' can be described as the remote form of 'can'.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจ ืืช 'ื™ื›ื•ืœ' ื›ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ืช ืฉืœ 'ื™ื›ื•ืœ'.
01:34
Sometimes that distance is time.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ.
01:37
"I can swim."
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"ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช."
01:38
That's an ability I have now.
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ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
01:41
"I could swim when I was four."
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"ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข."
01:43
That's an ability I had at a time in the past.
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ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
01:48
Sometimes that distance is between what is real and what is imagined.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืžื” ืฉืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
01:54
"I can't do that in my head."
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื™."
01:56
ย  This is something that is not possible for me to do now.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:00
"I couldn't do that even if I had a calculator."
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"ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ".
02:04
This is something that's not possible for me to do,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
02:06
even in an imagined situation where I have a calculator.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
02:11
And sometimes distance is in relationship.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
02:15
"Can you open the window, please?"
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?"
02:17
ย  "Could you open the window, please?"
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?"
02:19
Could puts more social distance between speaker and listener.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื—ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืื–ื™ืŸ.
02:24
That makes it more polite as it's less uncomfortable for someone to say no.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื•ืžืก ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื.
02:30
Now, we're not talking about actual distance here.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
02:34
We're not saying you have to be physically further away to be polite,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืžืก,
02:38
but it is a good way to visualise it. The further the speaker is away,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:43
the easier it is to say no and 'could' puts you further away.
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ื›ืš ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื•'ื™ื›ื•ืœ' ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:50
Open the window!
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ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ!
02:52
ย  Open the window, please!
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ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”!
02:54
Can you open the window, please?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
02:57
Could you open the window, please?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
02:59
And in English, we can make that distance even further too
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ื•ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื’ื
03:04
using past forms and modal structures.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืืœื™ื™ื.
03:08
I was wondering if you wouldn't mind opening the window
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ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืื ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
03:10
if it's not too much trouble.
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ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืฆืจื•ืช.
03:13
For a simple request like opening a window,
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ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ,
03:15
that one is probably a bit over the top.
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ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช.
03:23
One very important thing to remember, perhaps more important
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ, ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:26
than the words themselves, is the way they are spoken.
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืฆืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ื ืืžืจื•ืช.
03:30
It's only polite if the tone of voice is polite.
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ื–ื” ืžื ื•ืžืก ืจืง ืื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืžืก.
03:34
You can make a polite form of words less polite
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืฆื•ืจืช ืžื ื•ืžืก ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืžืกืช
03:37
if you stress it in a different way. For example:
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ืื ืชื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”:
03:41
"Can you open the window?"
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"ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ?"
03:42
"Could you please open the window?"
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ?"
03:45
So sounding polite is a combination of words and the way you say them
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ืื– ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื ื•ืžืก ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชืŸ,
03:51
and when it comes to words,
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ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืœื™ื,
03:53
'could you' is more polite than 'can you'
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'ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ' ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืžืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž'ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ',
03:56
and longer phrases with past forms and modals are more polite still.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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