How to be Polite in English - | Top Tips for Language Learners!

47,832 views ใƒป 2021-09-27

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
I don't know about you, but I don't like it when people are rude.
0
7920
3320
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็ง ใฏไบบใ€…ใŒ็„ก็คผใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ็‰นใซไบบใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ็‰นใซใ€
00:11
Politeness is generally very important,
1
11240
2440
็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใซ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ
00:13
especially if you want people to help you with something.
2
13680
3320
ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:17
If you want someone to do something for you, there are different ways of
3
17000
3320
่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ ใ—
00:20
expressing it in English, depending on how polite you want to be.
4
20320
3760
ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:27
If I say:
5
27280
1080
00:28
"Open the window!"
6
28360
1760
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆ๏ผใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
00:30
ย  it's quite direct, isn't it?
7
30240
2600
ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
00:32
It's the imperative form, which is more or less an order.
8
32840
2880
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝข ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œๅ‘ฝไปคใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
"Open the window, please!"
9
36280
1840
"็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ"
00:38
Adding the word 'please' does make it more polite,
10
38280
2560
ใ€Œpleaseใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ  ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
00:40
but it's still quite direct.
11
40840
1800
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
ย  "Can you open the window, please?"
12
42640
2440
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
00:45
Now we are getting more polite, but why is this more polite?
13
45080
5760
ไปŠใงใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š ไธๅฏงใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:50
Well, one reason is because this is now a question.
14
50840
3840
็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็พๅœจๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:54
So it's more of a request than an order.
15
54680
3120
ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆณจๆ–‡ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:57
And because it's a question, it's easier to say no.
16
57800
3280
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€ ใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Let's now use could instead of can.
17
63720
3160
can ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ could ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:06
"Could you open the window, please?"
18
66880
2600
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
01:09
Could is more polite than can
19
69480
2320
could ใฏ can ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ
01:11
and this is where it begins to get interesting.
20
71800
3440
ใ€ใ“ใ“ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ข็™ฝใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:15
Why is:
21
75240
760
็†็”ฑ:
01:16
'Could you open the window, please?'
22
76000
2240
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
01:18
more polite than:
23
78240
1120
01:19
'Can you open the window, please?'
24
79360
1880
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใงใ™ใ€‚
01:21
Well, it's all to do with the relationship
25
81240
2920
ใพใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ
01:24
between can and could and the idea of distance, of remoteness.
26
84160
5840
ใ€็ผถใจ็ผถใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใจใ€ ่ท้›ขใ€้ ้š”ๆ€งใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
01:30
'Could' can be described as the remote form of 'can'.
27
90000
4200
ใ€Œcouldใ€ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œcanใ€ใฎ้ ้š”ๅฝขใจใ—ใฆ่จ˜่ฟฐใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
Sometimes that distance is time.
28
94200
3440
ใใฎ่ท้›ขใŒๆ™‚้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
"I can swim."
29
97640
1240
ใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:38
That's an ability I have now.
30
98880
2440
ใใ‚Œ ใŒไปŠใฎ็งใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:41
"I could swim when I was four."
31
101320
2640
ใ€Œ็งใฏ4ๆญณใฎใจใใซๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:43
That's an ability I had at a time in the past.
32
103960
4320
ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ใ‹ใคใฆ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:48
Sometimes that distance is between what is real and what is imagined.
33
108280
4600
ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใใฎ่ท้›ขใฏใ€ ็พๅฎŸใจๆƒณๅƒใฎ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:54
"I can't do that in my head."
34
114040
2080
ใ€Œ้ ญใฎไธญใงใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
01:56
ย  This is something that is not possible for me to do now.
35
116120
4000
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไปŠใฎ็งใซใฏใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:00
"I couldn't do that even if I had a calculator."
36
120120
3880
ใ€Œ ้›ปๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:04
This is something that's not possible for me to do,
37
124000
2640
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้›ปๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ็Šถๆณ ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใฏใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:06
even in an imagined situation where I have a calculator.
38
126640
4680
ใ€‚
02:11
And sometimes distance is in relationship.
39
131320
3040
ใใ—ใฆๆ™‚ใ€…่ท้›ข ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
"Can you open the window, please?"
40
135360
2280
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:17
ย  "Could you open the window, please?"
41
137640
2280
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใจ่žใๆ‰‹ใฎ้–“ใฎ
02:19
Could puts more social distance between speaker and listener.
42
139920
4840
็คพไผš็š„่ท้›ขใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
That makes it more polite as it's less uncomfortable for someone to say no.
43
144760
4720
ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒไธๅฟซใงใชใใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Now, we're not talking about actual distance here.
44
150600
3520
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่ท้›ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ
02:34
We're not saying you have to be physically further away to be polite,
45
154120
4440
ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซ้ ใใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:38
but it is a good way to visualise it. The further the speaker is away,
46
158560
5040
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ–่ฆšๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ่ฉฑ่€…ใŒ้ ใใซใ„ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€
02:43
the easier it is to say no and 'could' puts you further away.
47
163600
4640
ใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้ ใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
02:50
Open the window!
48
170720
1800
ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใ‚’้–‹ใ๏ผ
02:52
ย  Open the window, please!
49
172520
2400
็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
02:54
Can you open the window, please?
50
174920
2440
็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
02:57
Could you open the window, please?
51
177360
2440
็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
02:59
And in English, we can make that distance even further too
52
179800
4800
ใใ—ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆใ€ใใฎ่ท้›ขใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
03:04
using past forms and modal structures.
53
184600
1960
ใพใ™.
03:08
I was wondering if you wouldn't mind opening the window
54
188200
2600
ใ‚ˆใปใฉ้ขๅ€’ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
03:10
if it's not too much trouble.
55
190800
2480
ใ€‚
03:13
For a simple request like opening a window,
56
193280
2480
ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใ‚’้–‹ใใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜็ด”ใช่ฆๆฑ‚ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:15
that one is probably a bit over the top.
57
195760
3000
ใใ‚Œใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚„ใ‚Š้ŽใŽใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
One very important thing to remember, perhaps more important
58
203280
3520
่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
03:26
than the words themselves, is the way they are spoken.
59
206800
3760
่จ€่‘‰ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
It's only polite if the tone of voice is polite.
60
210560
3680
ๅฃฐใฎใƒˆใƒผใƒณใŒไธๅฏงใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟใ€ไธๅฏงใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
03:34
You can make a polite form of words less polite
61
214240
3400
ๅ˜่ชžใฎไธๅฏงใชๅฝขใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซ
03:37
if you stress it in a different way. For example:
62
217640
3360
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš
03:41
"Can you open the window?"
63
221000
1520
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:42
"Could you please open the window?"
64
222520
3200
ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:45
So sounding polite is a combination of words and the way you say them
65
225720
5520
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธๅฏงใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎ ใฏๅ˜่ชžใจใใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใง
03:51
and when it comes to words,
66
231240
1760
ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
03:53
'could you' is more polite than 'can you'
67
233000
3200
'could you' ใฏ 'can you' ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:56
and longer phrases with past forms and modals are more polite still.
68
236200
4800
ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข ใ‚„ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅซใ‚€้•ทใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7