Ukraine: Fears of invasion: BBC News Review

128,713 views ใƒป 2022-02-15

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:01
There are fears that Russia is about to invade Ukraine.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฎุงูˆู ู…ู† ุฃู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุบุฒูˆ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง.
00:04
I'm Neil and this is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ุฃู†ุง ู†ูŠู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู…ู† BBC Learning English.
00:08
Joining me today is Roy. Hello Roy.
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ูŠู†ุถู… ุฅู„ูŠู‘ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฑูˆูŠ. ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุฑูˆูŠ.
00:10
Hello Neil and hello everybody.
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ู…ุฑุญุจุง ู†ูŠู„ ูˆู…ุฑุญุจุง ุจุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
00:13
If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู†ูุณูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุŒ
00:16
all you need to do is head to our website
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ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ
00:19
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ.
00:22
But now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ู†ูŠูˆุฒ:
00:43
So, several countries have now said
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุนุฏุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู†
00:46
that a Russian invasion of Ukraine
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ุฃู† ุบุฒูˆู‹ุง ุฑูˆุณูŠู‹ุง ู„ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
00:48
could happen at any time.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
00:51
This follows several countries advising their citizens to leave Ukraine
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ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุตุญุช ุนุฏุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู‡ุง ุจู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
00:56
and the evacuation of some embassies.
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ูˆุฅุฌู„ุงุก ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณูุงุฑุงุช.
00:59
Now, you've been looking at the various news websites, at this story.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุชุจุญุซ ููŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ. ู„ู‚ุฏ
01:03
You've picked out some vocabulary that's useful for understanding the story.
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ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ.
01:07
What have you got?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุฏูŠูƒุŸ
01:08
We have 'full-blown', 'chillingly silent' and 'false flag'.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู… "ูƒุงู…ู„" ูˆ "ุตุงู…ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู" ูˆ "ุนู„ู… ุฒุงุฆู".
01:14
'Full-blown', 'chillingly silent' and 'false flag'.
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"ุนู„ู… ูƒุงู…ู„" ูˆ "ุตุงู…ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู" ูˆ "ุนู„ู… ูƒุงุฐุจ".
01:18
So, let's have a look at your first headline please, Roy.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฑูˆูŠ.
01:22
OK. So, our first headline comes from The Express and it reads:
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† The Express ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„:
01:34
'Full-blown' โ€” fully developed.
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"Full-blown" - ุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
01:37
OK. So, this is 'full-blown'.
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง "ูƒุงู…ู„".
01:40
First word: F-U-L-L.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: F-U-L-L.
01:43
Second word: 'blown' โ€” B-L-O-W-N.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: "blown" - B-L-O-W-N.
01:47
There is a hyphen in the middle and it is being used as an adjective.
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ูˆูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒุตูุฉ.
01:51
And what it means is something that is fully developed or fully formed.
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
01:56
Yeah. OK. As you said there, it's a sort of set expression:
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ู†ุนู…. ู†ุนู…. ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ:
02:01
'full-blown' โ€” not 'fully blown', like you might think,
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"ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุถ" - ู„ูŠุณ "ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุถ" ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุŒ
02:05
but 'full-blown'. So, what's the feeling of this piece of vocabulary?
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ "ูƒุงู…ู„". ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุนูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุชุŸ
02:10
Why do we use it?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŸ
02:12
OK. So, in the terms of the headline, what we're using it as,
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡
02:16
it says 'full-blown conflict' and what it means is
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"ุตุฑุงุน ูƒุงู…ู„" ูˆู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡
02:20
it's not just a small attack, not something minor.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุตุบูŠุฑ ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุซุงู†ูˆูŠู‹ุง.
02:22
This is a fully realised attack.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฌูˆู… ู…ุญู‚ู‚ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
02:25
A fully realised war. 'Full-blown' basically means fully developed.
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ุญุฑุจ ู…ุญู‚ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ "ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุถ" ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
02:30
Yeah. And it's a useful little set expression, isn't it?
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ููŠุฏ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:36
It is, because we can use it outside of the context of war obviously.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ.
02:41
For example, two colleagues in the office โ€”
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ -
02:44
they may start having some kind of minor disagreement.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุจุฏุขู† ุฎู„ุงูู‹ุง ุจุณูŠุทู‹ุง.
02:47
They say, 'No, that was you.' 'No, that was you.'
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุŒ "ู„ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุช." "ู„ุง ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุช."
02:49
And before long, it becomes a bigger fight
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ูˆุณุฑุนุงู† ู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
02:52
and we can say that it developed into a 'full-blown' argument.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุงู„ "ูƒุงู…ู„".
02:56
Yeah. So, as your example showed there,
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุซุงู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ
02:59
we can use it for something as significant
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ู‡ู…
03:02
and worrying as a war,
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ูˆู…ู‚ู„ู‚ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุŒ
03:06
but we can also use it to describe a dispute
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ูˆุตู ู†ุฒุงุน
03:08
or an argument between two people.
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ุฃูˆ ุฌุฏุงู„ ุจูŠู† ุดุฎุตูŠู†.
03:11
Absolutely. Now, what is interesting...
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ู‚ุทุนุงู‹. ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ...
03:14
We... we can also use it to talk about the pandemic.
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ู†ุญู† ... ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก.
03:17
We used it quite often to talk about the pandemic and other very serious things.
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ูˆุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
03:20
So, at first, we started talking about an outbreak, a small outbreak,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุชูุดูŠ ุŒ ูˆุชูุดูŠ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุŒ ูˆุณุฑุนุงู† ู…ุง ุฃุตุจุญ ุฌุงุฆุญุฉ "ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุถุฌ".
03:26
and before long it became a 'full-blown' pandemic.
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03:30
Yeah, and I guess that's the sense contained in this expression:
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ:
03:33
that something that was small
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ
03:35
becomes something which is enormous.
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ูŠุตุจุญ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู‡ุงุฆู„ู‹ุง.
03:39
Yes. Now, interestingly to say,
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ู†ุนู…. ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ
03:41
we've used mainly negative meanings of 'full-blown' here,
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ ู„ู€ "ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ" ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ
03:45
but you can also use it not negatively.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ุจูŠ.
03:49
However, we do commonly use it negatively,
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ุจูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุŒ
03:51
because we can, sort of, exaggerate the severity or the drama of something.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ููŠ ุดุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฏุฑุงู…ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
03:56
So, to really emphasise how big something is, that it is at its limit.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุถุฎุงู…ุฉ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏู‡.
04:01
But, in a positive note, you could say:
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ููŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„:
04:03
'Oh, I invited a few friends over for a couple of drinks and a chat
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"ุฃูˆู‡ ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฏุนูˆุช ุนุฏุฏู‹ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ู„ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุจูŠู† ูˆุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุŒ
04:07
and before long, lots of other people arrived
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ูˆู‚ุจู„ ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ุŒ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†
04:10
and it became a full-blown party.'
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ูˆุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ุญูู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ."
04:13
OK. Well, let's get a summary:
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ู†ุนู…. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต:
04:22
If you're interested in stories about international relations,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ู‡ุชู…ู‹ุง ุจู‚ุตุต ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ
04:26
we have a video about companies vs. countries in a legal sense.
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ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู‚ุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ.
04:32
What do our viewers have to do, Roy?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุฑูˆูŠุŸ
04:35
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุตู ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
04:39
Let's have a look at your second headline.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูƒ.
04:42
OK. So, our second headline comes from The Independent and it reads:
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฏุจู†ุฏู†ุช ูˆู†ุตู‡:
04:54
'Chillingly silent' โ€” frighteningly quiet.
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"ุตุงู…ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู" - ู‡ุงุฏุฆ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู.
04:59
So, this is a two-word expression.
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†.
05:03
First word: 'chillingly' โ€” C-H-I-L-L-I-N-G-L-Y.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: "ุชู‚ุดุนุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู†" - C-H-I-L-L-I-N-G-L-Y.
05:09
Second word: 'silent' โ€” S-I-L-E-N-T.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: "ุตุงู…ุช" - S-I-L-E-N-T.
05:14
Now, 'silent' of course means quiet or no noise,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุชุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุตุงู…ุช" ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู„ู‡ุฏูˆุก ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุถูˆุถุงุก ุŒ
05:18
and 'chillingly' means unsettling.
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ูˆ "ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู" ุชุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ.
05:21
It makes you feel uncomfortable or scary.
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ูŠุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎูˆู.
05:25
Now, Roy, I thought that something that was 'chilling' was cold โ€”
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฑูˆูŠ ุŒ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† "ุชู‚ุดุนุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู†" ูƒุงู† ุจุงุฑุฏู‹ุง -
05:30
physically cold.
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ุจุงุฑุฏู‹ุง ุฌุณุฏูŠู‹ุง. ูƒู…ุง
05:32
You know, that word 'chilly' means cold.
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ุชุนู„ู… ุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุจุงุฑุฏ" ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุฏ.
05:34
So, what's the connection between 'silence' and temperature?
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† "ุงู„ุตู…ุช" ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŸ
05:38
Yeah. OK. So, there is an idea of 'chill' being cold.
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ู†ุนู…. ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† "ุงู„ุจุฑุฏ" ุจุงุฑุฏู‹ุง.
05:43
So, for example, you could say there is 'a chill in the air' if the...
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ "ู‚ุดุนุฑูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก" ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ...
05:47
if the day is very cold or it's... 'Ooh, it's chilly today!'
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ... "ุฃูˆู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุจุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…!"
05:50
Or, for example, like for that 'full-blown' party,
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ุฃูˆ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูู„ุฉ "ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ" ุŒ
05:52
you could put some drinks in the fridge
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ูˆุถุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุฌุฉ "
05:55
to 'chill' them โ€” to make them feel cold.
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ู„ุชู‡ุฏุฆุชู‡ุง" - ู„ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุจุฑุฏ.
05:57
But in this sense, 'chillingly' โ€” it means frighteningly or scarily,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุŒ ูุฅู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู…ุฎูŠูุฉ" - ุชุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎูŠูู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎูŠูู‹ุง ุŒ
06:02
or it makes you feel uncomfortable.
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ุฃูˆ ุชุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ.
06:07
Yes, because being cold is an uncomfortable experience,
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุŒ
06:10
but it is connected here figuratively to feeling, kind of, scared.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฌุงุฒูŠู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุŒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุŒ ุจุงู„ุฎูˆู.
06:15
Yeah. So, for example, you could say
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„
06:17
that a horror film is 'chilling', if it's very, very scary,
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ุฃู† ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุฑุนุจ "ู…ุฎูŠู" ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุฎูŠูู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุŒ
06:21
or if somebody tells you a story that makes you feel very uncomfortable
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ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ
06:24
or scared or frightening,
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุนุจ ุŒ
06:26
we can say that that story is a 'chilling' story.
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ููŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ "ุชู‚ุดุนุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู†".
06:31
Yeah, and so the sense in the headline here
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
06:33
is that the 'silence' from China is worrying.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† "ุงู„ุตู…ุช" ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู…ู‚ู„ู‚.
06:36
Yes. And interestingly, we do have another expression,
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ
06:40
don't we, related to this? About your... your spine, Neil.
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ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุญูˆู„ ... ุนู…ูˆุฏูƒ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ุŒ ู†ูŠู„.
06:44
Yes, that's right. If something is really scary,
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ู†ุนู… ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ู…ุฎูŠู ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุŒ
06:47
we can say: 'It sends a chill down your spine'.
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ููŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„: "ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฑุณู„ ู‚ุดุนุฑูŠุฑุฉ ุจุนู…ูˆุฏูƒ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ".
06:51
Or a 'shiver' โ€” a 'shiver' is something that you do...
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ุฃูˆ "ุงู„ุงุฑุชุนุงุด" - "ุงู„ุงุฑุชุนุงุด" ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุชูุนู„ู‡ ...
06:54
when you are cold, so we can see that metaphorically,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงุฑุฏู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃู†
06:58
figuratively, cold is connected to fear.
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ุงู„ุจุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุงุฒูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ุฌุงุฒูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฎูˆู.
07:02
Yeah, very much so. So, yeah, if something's very scary:
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง. ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ู…ุฎูŠู ุฌุฏู‹ุง:
07:05
'Ooh! Sends a shiver down my spine!'
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"ุฃูˆู‡! ูŠุฑุณู„ ู‚ุดุนุฑูŠุฑุฉ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ! "
07:09
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต:
07:18
Talking of 'silence', we have a lesson on the silent E
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ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† "ุงู„ุตู…ุช" ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฏุฑุณ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฑู E ุงู„ุตุงู…ุช
07:23
that you will find sometimes in English words.
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ุณุชุฌุฏู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
07:26
Where can our viewers find it, Roy?
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ุฃูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ูŠุฌุฏูˆู‡ ูŠุง ุฑูˆูŠุŸ
07:29
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุตู ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
07:33
OK. Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
07:35
OK. So, our next headline comes from 'The i' and it reads:
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† "The i" ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ุตู‡:
07:48
'False flag' โ€” invented excuse for an attack.
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"ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจ" - ุนุฐุฑ ู…ุฎุชุฑุน ู„ุดู† ู‡ุฌูˆู….
07:52
Yes. So, this is a two-word expression.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†.
07:55
The first word: 'false' โ€” F-A-L-S-E.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: "ุฎุทุฃ" - F-A-L-S-E.
08:01
Second word: 'flag' โ€” F-L-A-G.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: "ุนู„ู…" - F-L-A-G.
08:04
And it's basically saying an invented excuse or a creative reason
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง ุนุฐุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฎุชุฑุนู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุณุจุจู‹ุง ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠู‹ุง
08:10
for some kind of action or attack.
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ู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู….
08:13
Yeah, OK. And if we break it down,
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ู†ุนู… ู…ูˆุงูู‚. ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ุง ุŒ
08:15
we've got the word 'false', which obviously means not real,
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ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฎุทุฃ" ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุŒ
08:18
and 'flag' โ€” 'flag' is a material banner
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ูˆ "ุนู„ู…" - "ุนู„ู…" ู‡ูŠ ู„ุงูุชุฉ ู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ
08:23
that is used to indicate a country, for example.
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ุชูุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„.
08:28
So, together, what's the meaning here?
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู…ุนู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
08:31
The origins of this expression are not 100% clear,
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ุฃุตูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุณุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 100ูช ุŒ
08:35
but it relates strongly to deception.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุฏุงุน.
08:38
Now, what a number of countries and media outlets are saying is
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ูˆูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆ
08:42
that Russia will create a reason to justify an attack.
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ุฃู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุณุชุฎู„ู‚ ุณุจุจู‹ุง ู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู….
08:48
Basically saying that Russia will create an excuse to invade Ukraine
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฅู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุณุชุฎู„ู‚ ุฐุฑูŠุนุฉ ู„ุบุฒูˆ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง
08:53
and that's according to some of the speculation in the media.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูƒู‡ู†ุงุช ููŠ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู….
08:57
Yeah. OK. So, it's... in a sense,
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ู†ุนู…. ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ... ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุง ุŒ
08:59
it's kind of false labelling, isn't it?
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
09:03
Yes, that's... that's exactly it.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ... ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท.
09:05
Now, we don't only use it in... in the terms and context of war.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ููŠ ... ููŠ ุดุฑูˆุท ูˆุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
09:11
We can also use it sometimes in politics.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
09:14
Now, if somebody is running for office
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ูŠุฑุดุญ ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ู…ู†ุตุจ ูˆูŠุฐู‡ุจ
09:17
and they're going for a political position,
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ู„ู…ู†ุตุจ ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุŒ
09:19
you can sometimes say that they're running under a 'false flag' of policies.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุญุช ุฑุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช "ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจุฉ".
09:23
So, if they say, for example,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ
09:26
that they believe heavily in environmental issues,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุจุดุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุŒ
09:29
but really they don't โ€” they have a secondary agenda โ€”
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ - ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃุฌู†ุฏุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ - ูู‡ู…
09:32
they're running under a 'false flag'.
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ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุชุญุช "ุนู„ู… ุฒุงุฆู".
09:34
Yeah. And that's related, but slightly different, to the meaning...
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ...
09:39
meaning that we're talking about here in this headline.
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ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู†.
09:42
That is about deceiving people again,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฎุฏุงุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ
09:45
but it's not about provoking an attack.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงุณุชูุฒุงุฒ ู‡ุฌูˆู….
09:48
Mainly, we don't use this outside of the context of war and politics.
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
09:52
That's one thing to say.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡.
09:53
So, for example, you wouldn't say in the office:
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู„ู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ:
09:56
'Oh, my boss was running under a false flag,' or something like this.
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"ุฃูˆู‡ ุŒ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑูƒุถ ุชุญุช ุนู„ู… ู…ุฒูŠู ุŒ" ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
09:59
It's very, very strange. You may say that my...
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุบุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ. ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
10:01
my boss hid their true intentions.
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ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ... ุฃุฎูู‰ ู†ูˆุงูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
10:05
So, mainly we say... we talk about 'false flags'
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ... ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† "ุฃุนู„ุงู… ูƒุงุฐุจุฉ"
10:08
related to conflict, war or politics.
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ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุตุฑุงุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
10:13
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต: ุญุงู†
10:22
Time now, Roy, for a recap of the vocabulary please.
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ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุง ุฑูˆูŠ ู„ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
10:24
Yes, we had 'full-blown' โ€” fully developed.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุถ" - ู…ุชุทูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
10:29
We had a 'chillingly silent' โ€” frighteningly quiet.
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ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุตุงู…ุช ู…ุฎูŠู" - ู‡ุงุฏุฆ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎูŠู.
10:33
And we had 'false flag' โ€” invented excuse for an attack.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุนู„ู… ู…ุฒูŠู" - ุงุฎุชุฑุนู†ุง ุนุฐุฑู‹ุง ู„ุดู† ู‡ุฌูˆู….
10:38
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู†ูุณูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุŒ
10:40
there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com
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ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ bbclearningenglish.com
10:43
and we... we are all over social media as well.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
10:46
Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู…ูƒ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุฏุงุนุง.
10:48
Bye.
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ุงู„ูˆุฏุงุน.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7