Ukraine: Fears of invasion: BBC News Review

128,431 views ใƒป 2022-02-15

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:01
There are fears that Russia is about to invade Ukraine.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
00:04
I'm Neil and this is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”-BBC Learning English.
00:08
Joining me today is Roy. Hello Roy.
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจื•ืขื™. ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ืขื™.
00:10
Hello Neil and hello everybody.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื ื™ืœ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:13
If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
00:16
all you need to do is head to our website
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
00:19
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:22
But now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-BBC:
00:43
So, several countries have now said
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ืื–, ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืžืจื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
00:46
that a Russian invasion of Ukraine
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ืฉืคืœื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”
00:48
could happen at any time.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
00:51
This follows several countries advising their citizens to leave Ukraine
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ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”
00:56
and the evacuation of some embassies.
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ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
00:59
Now, you've been looking at the various news websites, at this story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:03
You've picked out some vocabulary that's useful for understanding the story.
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ื‘ื—ืจืช ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:07
What have you got?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš?
01:08
We have 'full-blown', 'chillingly silent' and 'false flag'.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืžืœื', 'ืฉืงื˜ ืžืฆืžืจืจ' ื•'ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื'.
01:14
'Full-blown', 'chillingly silent' and 'false flag'.
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'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืœื', 'ืฉืงื˜ ืžืฆืžืจืจ' ื•'ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื'.
01:18
So, let's have a look at your first headline please, Roy.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ื™.
01:22
OK. So, our first headline comes from The Express and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืืงืกืคืจืก ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
01:34
'Full-blown' โ€” fully developed.
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'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืœื' - ืžืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•.
01:37
OK. So, this is 'full-blown'.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื– ื–ื” 'ืžืœื'.
01:40
First word: F-U-L-L.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: F-U-L-L.
01:43
Second word: 'blown' โ€” B-L-O-W-N.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื”: 'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ' โ€” ื‘-ืœ-ื•-ื•-ื .
01:47
There is a hyphen in the middle and it is being used as an adjective.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืงืฃ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ.
01:51
And what it means is something that is fully developed or fully formed.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ืื• ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•.
01:56
Yeah. OK. As you said there, it's a sort of set expression:
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืช ืฉื, ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ:
02:01
'full-blown' โ€” not 'fully blown', like you might think,
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'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืœื' - ืœื 'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืœื', ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
02:05
but 'full-blown'. So, what's the feeling of this piece of vocabulary?
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ืืœื 'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืœื'. ืื– ืžื” ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื”?
02:10
Why do we use it?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”?
02:12
OK. So, in the terms of the headline, what we're using it as,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ,
02:16
it says 'full-blown conflict' and what it means is
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ 'ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžืœื' ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
02:20
it's not just a small attack, not something minor.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืชืงืคื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™.
02:22
This is a fully realised attack.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืชืงืคื” ืžืžื•ืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”.
02:25
A fully realised war. 'Full-blown' basically means fully developed.
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ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืžืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. 'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืœื' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืคื•ืชื— ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:30
Yeah. And it's a useful little set expression, isn't it?
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืกื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™, ืœื?
02:36
It is, because we can use it outside of the context of war obviously.
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ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
02:41
For example, two colleagues in the office โ€”
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉื ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ -
02:44
they may start having some kind of minor disagreement.
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ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืงืœื”.
02:47
They say, 'No, that was you.' 'No, that was you.'
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, 'ืœื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืืชื”'. 'ืœื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืืชื”.'
02:49
And before long, it becomes a bigger fight
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืื‘ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:52
and we can say that it developed into a 'full-blown' argument.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชืคืชื— ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— 'ืฉืœืžื”'.
02:56
Yeah. So, as your example showed there,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœืš ื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื,
02:59
we can use it for something as significant
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
03:02
and worrying as a war,
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ื•ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื›ืžื• ืžืœื—ืžื”,
03:06
but we can also use it to describe a dispute
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
03:08
or an argument between two people.
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ืื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:11
Absolutely. Now, what is interesting...
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ...
03:14
We... we can also use it to talk about the pandemic.
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ืื ื—ื ื•... ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”.
03:17
We used it quite often to talk about the pandemic and other very serious things.
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:20
So, at first, we started talking about an outbreak, a small outbreak,
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ืื–, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช, ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”,
03:26
and before long it became a 'full-blown' pandemic.
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ื•ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื’ื™ืคื” 'ืฉืœืžื”'.
03:30
Yeah, and I guess that's the sense contained in this expression:
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”:
03:33
that something that was small
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ
03:35
becomes something which is enormous.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื.
03:39
Yes. Now, interestingly to say,
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ื›ืŸ. ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ,
03:41
we've used mainly negative meanings of 'full-blown' here,
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 'ืžืœื',
03:45
but you can also use it not negatively.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช.
03:49
However, we do commonly use it negatively,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™,
03:51
because we can, sort of, exaggerate the severity or the drama of something.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืœื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
03:56
So, to really emphasise how big something is, that it is at its limit.
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ืื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•.
04:01
But, in a positive note, you could say:
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ:
04:03
'Oh, I invited a few friends over for a couple of drinks and a chat
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'ืื”, ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ื”
04:07
and before long, lots of other people arrived
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•
04:10
and it became a full-blown party.'
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืœืื”'.
04:13
OK. Well, let's get a summary:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
04:22
If you're interested in stories about international relations,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
04:26
we have a video about companies vs. countries in a legal sense.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™.
04:32
What do our viewers have to do, Roy?
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ืžื” ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืจื•ืขื™?
04:35
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
04:39
Let's have a look at your second headline.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
04:42
OK. So, our second headline comes from The Independent and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืคื ื“ื ื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
04:54
'Chillingly silent' โ€” frighteningly quiet.
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'ืฉืงื˜ ืžืฆืžืจืจ' - ืฉืงื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
04:59
So, this is a two-word expression.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
05:03
First word: 'chillingly' โ€” C-H-I-L-L-I-N-G-L-Y.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: 'ืžืฆืžืจืจ' - ื’-ื”-ื™-ืœ-ืœ-ื™-ื -ื’-ืœ-ื™.
05:09
Second word: 'silent' โ€” S-I-L-E-N-T.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื”: 'ืฉืงื˜' - ืก-ื™-ืœ-ืข-ื -ืช.
05:14
Now, 'silent' of course means quiet or no noise,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 'ืฉืงื˜' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืงื˜ ืื• ืœืœื ืจืขืฉ,
05:18
and 'chillingly' means unsettling.
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ื•'ื‘ืžืฆืžืจืจ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื“.
05:21
It makes you feel uncomfortable or scary.
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื— ืื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
05:25
Now, Roy, I thought that something that was 'chilling' was cold โ€”
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจื•ืขื™, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืฉ'ืžืฆืžืจืจ' ื”ื•ื ืงืจ -
05:30
physically cold.
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ืงืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
05:32
You know, that word 'chilly' means cold.
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืงืจ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืงืจ.
05:34
So, what's the connection between 'silence' and temperature?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ 'ื“ืžืžื”' ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”?
05:38
Yeah. OK. So, there is an idea of 'chill' being cold.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืฆ'ื™ืœ' ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจ.
05:43
So, for example, you could say there is 'a chill in the air' if the...
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ 'ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ' ืื ื”...
05:47
if the day is very cold or it's... 'Ooh, it's chilly today!'
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ืื ื”ื™ื•ื ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืื• ืฉื–ื”... 'ืื•ื™, ืงืจ ื”ื™ื•ื!'
05:50
Or, for example, like for that 'full-blown' party,
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ืื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื”'ืžืœืื”' ื”ื”ื™ื,
05:52
you could put some drinks in the fridge
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืจ
05:55
to 'chill' them โ€” to make them feel cold.
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ื›ื“ื™ 'ืœืฆื ืŸ' ืื•ืชื - ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืจ.
05:57
But in this sense, 'chillingly' โ€” it means frighteningly or scarily,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, "ืžืฆืžืจืจ" - ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
06:02
or it makes you feel uncomfortable.
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ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—.
06:07
Yes, because being cold is an uncomfortable experience,
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจ ื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”,
06:10
but it is connected here figuratively to feeling, kind of, scared.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื”, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืคื—ื“.
06:15
Yeah. So, for example, you could say
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ
06:17
that a horror film is 'chilling', if it's very, very scary,
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ืฉืกืจื˜ ืื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื 'ืžืฆืžืจืจ', ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
06:21
or if somebody tells you a story that makes you feel very uncomfortable
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ืื• ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืœืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—
06:24
or scared or frightening,
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ืื• ืžืคื—ื“ ืื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
06:26
we can say that that story is a 'chilling' story.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ 'ืžืฆืžืจืจ'.
06:31
Yeah, and so the sense in the headline here
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื›ืืŸ
06:33
is that the 'silence' from China is worrying.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”'ืฉืชื™ืงื”' ืžืกื™ืŸ ืžื“ืื™ื’ื”.
06:36
Yes. And interestingly, we do have another expression,
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืื—ืจ,
06:40
don't we, related to this? About your... your spine, Neil.
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ืœื, ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื–ื”? ืœื’ื‘ื™... ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœืš, ื ื™ืœ.
06:44
Yes, that's right. If something is really scary,
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
06:47
we can say: 'It sends a chill down your spine'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ: 'ื–ื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืš ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจืช ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื”'.
06:51
Or a 'shiver' โ€” a 'shiver' is something that you do...
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ืื• 'ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจืช' - 'ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจืช' ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”...
06:54
when you are cold, so we can see that metaphorically,
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ื›ืฉืงืจ ืœืš, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™,
06:58
figuratively, cold is connected to fear.
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ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืงื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื—ื“.
07:02
Yeah, very much so. So, yeah, if something's very scary:
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ื›ืŸ, ืžืื•ื“. ืื–, ื›ืŸ, ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื—ื™ื“:
07:05
'Ooh! Sends a shiver down my spine!'
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'ืื•ื™! ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจืช ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœื™!'
07:09
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ: ืื
07:18
Talking of 'silence', we have a lesson on the silent E
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ืฉืชื™ืงื”', ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”' ื”ืฉืงื˜ื”
07:23
that you will find sometimes in English words.
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ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
07:26
Where can our viewers find it, Roy?
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืจื•ืขื™?
07:29
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
07:33
OK. Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
07:35
OK. So, our next headline comes from 'The i' and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž'ื”-i' ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
07:48
'False flag' โ€” invented excuse for an attack.
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'ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื' - ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœืžืชืงืคื”.
07:52
Yes. So, this is a two-word expression.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
07:55
The first word: 'false' โ€” F-A-L-S-E.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: 'ืฉืงืจ' - F-A-L-S-E.
08:01
Second word: 'flag' โ€” F-L-A-G.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื”: 'ื“ื’ืœ' - F-L-A-G.
08:04
And it's basically saying an invented excuse or a creative reason
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืžื•ืžืฆื ืื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช
08:10
for some kind of action or attack.
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ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ื”ืชืงืคื”.
08:13
Yeah, OK. And if we break it down,
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ืื ื ืคืจืง ืืช ื–ื”,
08:15
we've got the word 'false', which obviously means not real,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืฉืงืจ', ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™,
08:18
and 'flag' โ€” 'flag' is a material banner
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ื•'ื“ื’ืœ' - 'ื“ื’ืœ' ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช
08:23
that is used to indicate a country, for example.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ.
08:28
So, together, what's the meaning here?
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ืื–, ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืืŸ?
08:31
The origins of this expression are not 100% clear,
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ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘-100%,
08:35
but it relates strongly to deception.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ื ืื”.
08:38
Now, what a number of countries and media outlets are saying is
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื
08:42
that Russia will create a reason to justify an attack.
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ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืชืงืคื”.
08:48
Basically saying that Russia will create an excuse to invade Ukraine
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”
08:53
and that's according to some of the speculation in the media.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืคืงื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
08:57
Yeah. OK. So, it's... in a sense,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื–ื”... ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
08:59
it's kind of false labelling, isn't it?
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื•ื’ ื›ื•ื–ื‘, ืœื?
09:03
Yes, that's... that's exactly it.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”... ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื”.
09:05
Now, we don't only use it in... in the terms and context of war.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘... ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
09:11
We can also use it sometimes in politics.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:14
Now, if somebody is running for office
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“
09:17
and they're going for a political position,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
09:19
you can sometimes say that they're running under a 'false flag' of policies.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฅ ืชื—ืช 'ื“ื’ืœ ื›ื•ื–ื‘' ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
09:23
So, if they say, for example,
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ืื– ืื ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ,
09:26
that they believe heavily in environmental issues,
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ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช,
09:29
but really they don't โ€” they have a secondary agenda โ€”
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื - ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช -
09:32
they're running under a 'false flag'.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ืชื—ืช 'ื“ื’ืœ ื›ื•ื–ื‘'.
09:34
Yeah. And that's related, but slightly different, to the meaning...
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช...
09:39
meaning that we're talking about here in this headline.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
09:42
That is about deceiving people again,
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ื–ื” ืขืœ ืœื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื‘,
09:45
but it's not about provoking an attack.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืœืžืชืงืคื”.
09:48
Mainly, we don't use this outside of the context of war and politics.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:52
That's one thing to say.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“.
09:53
So, for example, you wouldn't say in the office:
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“:
09:56
'Oh, my boss was running under a false flag,' or something like this.
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'ืื•ื™, ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ ืจืฅ ืชื—ืช ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื', ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
09:59
It's very, very strange. You may say that my...
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืก
10:01
my boss hid their true intentions.
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ืฉืœื™ ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
10:05
So, mainly we say... we talk about 'false flags'
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื... ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื“ื’ืœื™ื ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื'
10:08
related to conflict, war or politics.
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืกื›ืกื•ืš, ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
10:13
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ: ื”ื’ื™ืข
10:22
Time now, Roy, for a recap of the vocabulary please.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจื•ืขื™, ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
10:24
Yes, we had 'full-blown' โ€” fully developed.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ' - ืžืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•.
10:29
We had a 'chillingly silent' โ€” frighteningly quiet.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืฉืงื˜ ืžืฆืžืจืจ' - ืฉืงื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
10:33
And we had 'false flag' โ€” invented excuse for an attack.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื' - ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืžืชืงืคื”.
10:38
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
10:40
there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com
10:43
and we... we are all over social media as well.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื•... ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:46
Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช.
10:48
Bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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