Ukraine: Fears of invasion: BBC News Review

128,000 views ใƒป 2022-02-15

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
There are fears that Russia is about to invade Ukraine.
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ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ข ใŒใ‚ฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠใ‚’ไพต็•ฅใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ‡ธๅฟตใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:04
I'm Neil and this is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ BBC ใƒฉใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:08
Joining me today is Roy. Hello Roy.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒญใ‚คใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใƒญใ‚คใ€‚
00:10
Hello Neil and hello everybody.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใใ—ใฆ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:13
If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,
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ใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
00:16
all you need to do is head to our website
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ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
00:19
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น ใ—ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:22
But now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ“ใฎ BBC ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’
00:43
So, several countries have now said
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่žใ„
00:46
that a Russian invasion of Ukraine
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ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:48
could happen at any time.
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ใ€‚
00:51
This follows several countries advising their citizens to leave Ukraine
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ›ฝ ใŒ่‡ชๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใซใ‚ฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠ
00:56
and the evacuation of some embassies.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้€€ๅŽปใ‚’ๅ‹งๅ‘Šใ—ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅคงไฝฟ้คจใ‚’้ฟ้›ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใ“ใจใซ็ถšใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Now, you've been looking at the various news websites, at this story.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹
01:03
You've picked out some vocabulary that's useful for understanding the story.
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ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹้ธใณใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
01:07
What have you got?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
01:08
We have 'full-blown', 'chillingly silent' and 'false flag'.
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ใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้™ใ‘ใ•ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
'Full-blown', 'chillingly silent' and 'false flag'.
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ใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้™ใ‘ใ•ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ใ€‚
01:18
So, let's have a look at your first headline please, Roy.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใƒญใ‚คใ€‚
01:22
OK. So, our first headline comes from The Express and it reads:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ใฏ The Express ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ‹
01:34
'Full-blown' โ€” fully developed.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
OK. So, this is 'full-blown'.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
First word: F-U-L-L.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชž: F-U-L-Lใ€‚
01:43
Second word: 'blown' โ€” B-L-O-W-N.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชž: 'blown' โ€” B-L-O-W-N.
01:47
There is a hyphen in the middle and it is being used as an adjective.
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้€”ไธญใซใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
And what it means is something that is fully developed or fully formed.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้”ใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:56
Yeah. OK. As you said there, it's a sort of set expression:
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใง่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่กจ็พใงใ™
02:01
'full-blown' โ€” not 'fully blown', like you might think,
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02:05
but 'full-blown'. So, what's the feeling of this piece of vocabulary?
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใฎๆ–ญ็‰‡ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:10
Why do we use it?
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ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:12
OK. So, in the terms of the headline, what we're using it as,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€
02:16
it says 'full-blown conflict' and what it means is
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใช็ด›ไบ‰ใ€ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
02:20
it's not just a small attack, not something minor.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชๆ”ปๆ’ƒใง ใฏใชใใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
02:22
This is a fully realised attack.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅฎŸ็พใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ”ปๆ’ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
02:25
A fully realised war. 'Full-blown' basically means fully developed.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅฎŸ็พใ—ใŸๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€‚ ใ€ŒFull-blownใ€ใจใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้–‹็™บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Yeah. And it's a useful little set expression, isn't it?
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไพฟๅˆฉใช ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ้›†ๅˆ่กจ็พใงใ™ใญใ€‚
02:36
It is, because we can use it outside of the context of war obviously.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆˆฆไบ‰ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใฎๅค–ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
02:41
For example, two colleagues in the office โ€”
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ 2 ไบบใฎๅŒๅƒš ใŒใ€
02:44
they may start having some kind of minor disagreement.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใ‚’ๆŒใกๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:47
They say, 'No, that was you.' 'No, that was you.'
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:49
And before long, it becomes a bigger fight
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚„ใŒใฆใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใชๅ–งๅ˜ฉใจใชใ‚Š
02:52
and we can say that it developed into a 'full-blown' argument.
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ใ€ใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใชใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Yeah. So, as your example showed there,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใŒ็คบใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆˆฆไบ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้‡่ฆใงๅฟƒ้…
02:59
we can use it for something as significant
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ใชใ“ใจใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
03:02
and worrying as a war,
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03:06
but we can also use it to describe a dispute
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ใŒใ€
03:08
or an argument between two people.
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2 ไบบใฎไบบ้–“ใฎ้–“ใฎ่ซ–ไบ‰ใ‚„่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Absolutely. Now, what is interesting...
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็ตถๅฏพใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎใฏ
03:14
We... we can also use it to talk about the pandemic.
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...็งใŸใกใฏ...ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎ้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆปใชใ“ใจ
03:17
We used it quite often to talk about the pandemic and other very serious things.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ .
03:20
So, at first, we started talking about an outbreak, a small outbreak,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ใ‚„ใŒใฆ
03:26
and before long it became a 'full-blown' pandemic.
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ใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใชใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:30
Yeah, and I guess that's the sense contained in this expression:
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
that something that was small
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฐใ•ใ‹ใฃใŸ
03:35
becomes something which is enormous.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅทจๅคงใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Yes. Now, interestingly to say,
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใง
03:41
we've used mainly negative meanings of 'full-blown' here,
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ใฏไธปใซใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใ€ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใพใ— ใŸใŒใ€
03:45
but you can also use it not negatively.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
However, we do commonly use it negatively,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
03:51
because we can, sort of, exaggerate the severity or the drama of something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๆทฑๅˆปใ•ใ‚„ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใ‚’่ช‡ๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:56
So, to really emphasise how big something is, that it is at its limit.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅคงใใ„ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้™็•Œใซ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹.
04:01
But, in a positive note, you could say:
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐ
04:03
'Oh, I invited a few friends over for a couple of drinks and a chat
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ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ— ใฆใ€ๆ•ฐๆฏใฎ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใจใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Š
04:07
and before long, lots of other people arrived
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ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ใ‚„ใŒใฆไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๅˆฐ็€
04:10
and it became a full-blown party.'
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ใ—ใ€ๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใชใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
04:13
OK. Well, let's get a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟ
04:22
If you're interested in stories about international relations,
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅ›ฝ้š›้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
04:26
we have a video about companies vs. countries in a legal sense.
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ใ€ๆณ•็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฎไผๆฅญใจๅ›ฝใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:32
What do our viewers have to do, Roy?
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่ฆ–่ด่€…ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒญใ‚ค?
04:35
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:39
Let's have a look at your second headline.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:42
OK. So, our second headline comes from The Independent and it reads:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ใฏ The Independent ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€
04:54
'Chillingly silent' โ€” frighteningly quiet.
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ใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใปใฉ้™ใ‹ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
So, this is a two-word expression.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ่ชžใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
First word: 'chillingly' โ€” C-H-I-L-L-I-N-G-L-Y.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชž: ใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ โ€” C-H-I-L-L-I-N-G-L-Y.
05:09
Second word: 'silent' โ€” S-I-L-E-N-T.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชž: 'silent' โ€” S-I-L-E-N-T.
05:14
Now, 'silent' of course means quiet or no noise,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€'silent' ใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ้™ใ‹ใชใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
05:18
and 'chillingly' means unsettling.
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ใ€'chillingly' ใฏ่ฝใก็€ใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
It makes you feel uncomfortable or scary.
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ไธๅฟซๆ„Ÿใ‚„ๆๆ€–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:25
Now, Roy, I thought that something that was 'chilling' was cold โ€”
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒญใ‚คใ€็ง ใฏใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅ†ทใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ โ€”
05:30
physically cold.
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็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๅ†ทใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:32
You know, that word 'chilly' means cold.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œchillyใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:34
So, what's the connection between 'silence' and temperature?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ้™ๅฏ‚ใ€ใจๆธฉๅบฆใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:38
Yeah. OK. So, there is an idea of 'chill' being cold.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฏ’ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€Œใƒใƒซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
So, for example, you could say there is 'a chill in the air' if the...
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ 'a chill in the air'
05:47
if the day is very cold or it's... 'Ooh, it's chilly today!'
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ใฏใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฏ’ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ... ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‚Œๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™!ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
Or, for example, like for that 'full-blown' party,
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใใฎใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใชใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎ
05:52
you could put some drinks in the fridge
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œ
05:55
to 'chill' them โ€” to make them feel cold.
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ใฆใ€Œๅ†ทใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ ๅ†ทใŸใ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
05:57
But in this sense, 'chillingly' โ€” it means frighteningly or scarily,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๆใ‚ใ—ใใ€ๆใ‚ใ—ใใ€
06:02
or it makes you feel uncomfortable.
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ใพใŸใฏไธๅฟซใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
Yes, because being cold is an uncomfortable experience,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฏ’ใ• ใฏไธๅฟซใช็ตŒ้จ“
06:10
but it is connected here figuratively to feeling, kind of, scared.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ ใซใ€ไธ€็จฎใฎๆๆ€–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
06:15
Yeah. So, for example, you could say
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
06:17
that a horror film is 'chilling', if it's very, very scary,
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ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹
06:21
or if somebody tells you a story that makes you feel very uncomfortable
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้žๅธธใซไธๅฟซใซใ•ใ›
06:24
or scared or frightening,
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ€–ใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ€–ใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹
06:26
we can say that that story is a 'chilling' story.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใฎ่ฉฑใฏ ใ€Œใ‚พใƒƒใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€่ฉฑใ€‚
06:31
Yeah, and so the sense in the headline here
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ใˆใˆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ
06:33
is that the 'silence' from China is worrying.
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ใฏใ€ไธญๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œๆฒˆ้ป™ใ€ ใŒๅฟƒ้…ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:36
Yes. And interestingly, we do have another expression,
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใŒ
06:40
don't we, related to this? About your... your spine, Neil.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒ้ชจใฎใ“ใจใญใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚
06:44
Yes, that's right. If something is really scary,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ€–ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:47
we can say: 'It sends a chill down your spine'.
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ใ€Œ่ƒŒ็ญ‹ใŒใ‚พใ‚ฏใ‚พใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:51
Or a 'shiver' โ€” a 'shiver' is something that you do...
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้œ‡ใˆใ€ โ€” ใ€Œ้œ‡ใˆใ€ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™...
06:54
when you are cold, so we can see that metaphorically,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฏ’ใ„ใจใใซ ใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใ€
06:58
figuratively, cold is connected to fear.
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ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซใ€ๅฏ’ใ•ใŒๆๆ€–ใซใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Yeah, very much so. So, yeah, if something's very scary:
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ใˆใˆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใˆใˆใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€–ใ„ใชใ‚‰
07:05
'Ooh! Sends a shiver down my spine!'
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: ่ƒŒ็ญ‹ใŒใ‚พใ‚ฏใ‚พใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹๏ผใ€
07:09
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:18
Talking of 'silence', we have a lesson on the silent E
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ใ€Œๆฒˆ้ป™ใ€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€่‹ฑๅ˜่ชžใงๆ™‚ใ€…่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒฌใƒณใƒˆ E ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:23
that you will find sometimes in English words.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
Where can our viewers find it, Roy?
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ใƒญใ‚คใ€่ฆ–่ด่€…ใฏใฉใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
07:29
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:33
OK. Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:35
OK. So, our next headline comes from 'The i' and it reads:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ใฏใ€ŒThe iใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:48
'False flag' โ€” invented excuse for an attack.
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ใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ โ€” ็™บๆ˜Žใ• ใ‚ŒใŸๆ”ปๆ’ƒใฎ่จ€ใ„่จณ
07:52
Yes. So, this is a two-word expression.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ่ชžใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
07:55
The first word: 'false' โ€” F-A-L-S-E.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชž: 'false' โ€” F-A-L-S-E.
08:01
Second word: 'flag' โ€” F-L-A-G.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชž: ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ€ โ€” F-L-A-Gใ€‚
08:04
And it's basically saying an invented excuse or a creative reason
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚„ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ ใงใฃใกไธŠใ’ใฎ่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚„ๅ‰ต้€ ็š„ใช็†็”ฑ
08:10
for some kind of action or attack.
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ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:13
Yeah, OK. And if we break it down,
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ใˆใˆOKใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
08:15
we've got the word 'false', which obviously means not real,
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ใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
08:18
and 'flag' โ€” 'flag' is a material banner
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ใจใ€ใ€Œๆ——ใ€โ€”ใ€Œๆ——ใ€ใฏ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐๅ›ฝ
08:23
that is used to indicate a country, for example.
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ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‰ฉ่ณช็š„ใชๆ——ใงใ™ .
08:28
So, together, what's the meaning here?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:31
The origins of this expression are not 100% clear,
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ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฎ่ตทๆบใฏ 100% ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
08:35
but it relates strongly to deception.
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ๆฌบ็žžใซๅผทใ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:38
Now, what a number of countries and media outlets are saying is
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็พๅœจใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ›ฝ ใ‚„ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
08:42
that Russia will create a reason to justify an attack.
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใฏ ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ‚’ๆญฃๅฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:48
Basically saying that Russia will create an excuse to invade Ukraine
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใฏ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠใซไพตๆ”ปใ™ใ‚‹่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹
08:53
and that's according to some of the speculation in the media.
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ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎๆ†ถๆธฌใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Yeah. OK. So, it's... in a sense,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏโ€ฆ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€
08:59
it's kind of false labelling, isn't it?
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่™šๅฝใฎ่กจ็คบใงใ™ใญใ€‚
09:03
Yes, that's... that's exactly it.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใƒปใƒปใƒปใพใ•ใซใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
09:05
Now, we don't only use it in... in the terms and context of war.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’... ๆˆฆไบ‰ใฎ็”จ่ชžใ‚„ๆ–‡่„ˆใ ใ‘ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ .
09:11
We can also use it sometimes in politics.
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปใงใ‚‚ๆ™‚ใ€…ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:14
Now, if somebody is running for office
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ…ฌ่ทใซ็ซ‹ๅ€™่ฃœ
09:17
and they're going for a political position,
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ใ— ใ€ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„ๅœฐไฝใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎไบบใฏ
09:19
you can sometimes say that they're running under a 'false flag' of policies.
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ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฎใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ใฎไธ‹ใง่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
09:23
So, if they say, for example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ
09:26
that they believe heavily in environmental issues,
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็’ฐๅขƒๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผทใไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„
09:29
but really they don't โ€” they have a secondary agenda โ€”
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ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅ‰ฏๆฌก็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
09:32
they're running under a 'false flag'.
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ใ€ใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ใฎไธ‹ใงๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:34
Yeah. And that's related, but slightly different, to the meaning...
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™...
09:39
meaning that we're talking about here in this headline.
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ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณ.
09:42
That is about deceiving people again,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ†ใณไบบใ€…ใ‚’ใ ใพใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒ
09:45
but it's not about provoking an attack.
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ใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ‚’่ช˜็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:48
Mainly, we don't use this outside of the context of war and politics.
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ไธปใซใ€ ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ‚„ๆ”ฟๆฒปใฎๆ–‡่„ˆไปฅๅค–ใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:52
That's one thing to say.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ†ใพใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:53
So, for example, you wouldn't say in the office:
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงใฏ
09:56
'Oh, my boss was running under a false flag,' or something like this.
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏๅฝๆ——ใฎไธ‹ใง่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ใชใฉใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:59
It's very, very strange. You may say that my...
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎโ€ฆ
10:01
my boss hid their true intentions.
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆœฌๅฟƒใ‚’้š ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:05
So, mainly we say... we talk about 'false flags'
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธปใซ็งใŸใกใฏ
10:08
related to conflict, war or politics.
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ใ€็ด›ไบ‰ใ€ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ”ฟๆฒปใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:13
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:22
Time now, Roy, for a recap of the vocabulary please.
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ใ€‚ใƒญใ‚ค ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฎ่ฆ็ด„ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
Yes, we had 'full-blown' โ€” fully developed.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๆœฌๆ ผ็š„ใ€ ใงใ—ใŸ โ€” ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้–‹็™บใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:29
We had a 'chillingly silent' โ€” frighteningly quiet.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ่บซใ‚‚ๅ‡ใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้™ใ‘ใ•ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆใ‚ใ—ใ้™ใ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:33
And we had 'false flag' โ€” invented excuse for an attack.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใฎ่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ€Œๅฝๆ——ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›
10:38
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary,
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ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
10:40
there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com
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ใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:43
and we... we are all over social media as well.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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