The Rosetta Stone - 6 Minute English

79,237 views ใƒป 2021-06-03

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ 6 ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู…ู†
00:10
BBC Learning English. I'm Rob.
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BBC Learning English. ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุจ.
00:12
And I'm Sam.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุณุงู….
00:13
In this programme, we'll be unlocking
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุŒ ุณู†ูƒุดู ุนู†
00:15
the secrets of the ancient Egyptians,
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ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ู‚ุฏู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู†
00:18
pyramid builders and the inventors
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ูˆุจู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฑุงู… ูˆู…ุฎุชุฑุนูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
00:20
of hieroglyphs - a writing system
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ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ - ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
00:22
which uses pictures and symbols
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
00:24
to represent words.
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ู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช. ุธู„
00:26
The meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphs
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ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ
00:28
remained a mystery until 1799
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ู„ุบุฒุง ุญุชู‰ ุนุงู… 1799
00:31
when Napoleon's soldiers unearthed
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดู ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ู†ุงุจู„ูŠูˆู†
00:33
a dark, damaged rock in the Egyptian
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ุตุฎุฑุฉ ุฏุงูƒู†ุฉ ูˆู…ุฏู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ
00:36
coastal town of Rosetta.
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ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฑุดูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
00:38
On the broken granite stone three
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ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑ ุŒ
00:41
scripts were faintly carved: Greek at
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ุชู… ู†ุญุช ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุตูˆุต ุถุนูŠูุฉ: ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ
00:43
the bottom, Demotic in the middle and
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ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆุทูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุŒ
00:45
Hieroglyphs at the top. Today, the
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ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰. ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ
00:48
Rosetta Stone is perhaps the most
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌุฑ ุฑุดูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ
00:50
famous museum object in the world.
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ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุชุญู ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
00:53
But what's actually written on it is quite
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุงู„ูุนู„
00:56
dull! In fact, the Rosetta Stone contains
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ู…ู…ู„ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ! ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุญุฌุฑ ุฑุดูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰
00:59
a tax break! It describes an agreement
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ุฅุนูุงุก ุถุฑูŠุจูŠ! ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุตู ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ
01:02
exempting priests from paying taxes
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ุฅุนูุงุก ุงู„ูƒู‡ู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุฏูุน ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจ
01:04
to the King.
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ู„ู„ู…ู„ูƒ.
01:05
Ah, the famous Egyptian pharaohs!
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ุขู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ูุฑุงุนู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูˆู†!
01:08
Exactly - but which one, Sam?
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ุจุงู„ุถุจุท - ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠู‡ู…ุง ูŠุง ุณุงู…ุŸ
01:11
Let's test your ancient Egyptian
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ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฎุชุจุฑ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ
01:13
knowledge with this quiz question:
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ู…ุน ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง:
01:15
the writing on the Rosetta Stone
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ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌุฑ ุฑุดูŠุฏ
01:17
is a tax agreement between the
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ู‡ูŠ ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุถุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†
01:18
priests and which Egyptian pharaoh?
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ุงู„ูƒู‡ู†ุฉ ูˆุฃูŠ ูุฑุนูˆู† ู…ุตุฑูŠุŸ ู‡ู„
01:22
Is it:
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01:22
a) Cleopatra?, b) Ptolemy?,
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ู‡ูˆ:
ุฃ) ูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุงุชุฑุงุŸ ุŒ ุจ) ุจุทู„ูŠู…ูˆุณุŸ ุŒ
01:25
or c) Ramesses?
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ุฃู… ุฌ) ุฑู…ุณูŠุณุŸ
01:27
I'll guess a) Cleopatra.
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ุณุฃุฎู…ู† ุฃ) ูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุงุชุฑุง.
01:29
OK, Sam, I'll reveal the answer to
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุณุงู… ุŒ ุณุฃูƒุดู ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ
01:31
that mystery later on. Before the
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุบุฒ ู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง. ู‚ุจู„
01:34
discovery of the Stone, no scholar
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ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุŒ ู„ู…
01:36
had been able to understand the
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ูŠูƒู† ุฃูŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูู‡ู…
01:37
strange symbols carved on
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ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุญูˆุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰
01:39
the great pyramids.
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ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฑุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ.
01:41
Egyptologist, Richard Parker, was
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ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุงุช ุŒ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑูƒุฑ ุŒ ูƒุงู†
01:43
in charge of the Rosetta Stone
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ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุงู‹ ุนู†
01:45
exhibition at the British Museum
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ู…ุนุฑุถ ุญุฌุฑ ุฑุดูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุญู ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠ
01:47
for twenty years. Here he is,
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ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุงู…ู‹ุง. ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
01:50
telling BBC Radio 4 programme,
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ูŠุฎุจุฑ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ 4 ุŒ
01:52
In Our Time, about circumstances
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ููŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ู†ุง ุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู
01:56
before the discovery of the Stone:
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ู‚ุจู„ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ:
01:59
People were exploring all sorts of
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุณุชูƒุดููˆู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
02:01
means of trying to decipher, including
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ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ููƒ ุงู„ุดูุฑุงุช ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
02:04
trying to link the script with Chinese to
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ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ
02:06
see if that offered a parallel. It was
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ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู‹ุง. . ูƒุงู†
02:08
known from the classical authors
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ู…ุนุฑูˆูู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠูŠู†
02:10
that the Egyptian script contained
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ุงุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰
02:12
great, mysterious pearls of wisdom
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ู„ุขู„ุฆ ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุบุงู…ุถุฉ
02:15
from the Egyptian philosophers and
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูู„ุงุณูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู† ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏู‰
02:17
people had hugely high expectations
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชูˆู‚ุนุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
02:19
and all attempts to decipher, to get a
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ูˆุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุงุช ููƒ ุงู„ุดูุฑุฉ ุŒ
02:22
grip on the script, I think,
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ู„ู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุต ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุŒ
02:23
had really failed.
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ู‚ุฏ ูุดู„ุช ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
02:25
Before the discovery of the
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ู‚ุจู„ ุงูƒุชุดุงู
02:27
Rosetta Stone, no-one had
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ุญุฌุฑ ุฑุดูŠุฏ ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู†
02:28
managed to decipher
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ููƒ ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
02:30
hieroglyphs - to work out the
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ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ - ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
02:32
meaning of writing which
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ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
02:33
is difficult to read.
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ูŠุตุนุจ ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡. ูƒุงู†
02:35
Experts hoped that the Egyptian
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ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ูŠุฃู…ู„ูˆู† ุฃู†
02:37
script contained great pearls of
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุขู„ุฆ
02:39
wisdom - wise words,
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ุญูƒูŠู…ุฉ - ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุญูƒูŠู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ
02:41
sayings or advice.
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ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ุฃูˆ ู†ุตุงุฆุญ.
02:43
As we know, the actual meaning
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ูƒู…ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุŒ ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ
02:45
of the text turned out to be
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ู„ู„ู†ุต
02:47
quite dull. But it was the fact
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ุจุงู‡ุช ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ. ู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
02:50
that the messages were written
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ูƒูุชุจุช
02:51
in three scripts, including Greek -
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ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุตูˆุต ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ -
02:53
a language scholars already knew -
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ุบุฉ ูŠุนุฑูู‡ุง ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ -
02:56
that provided the key to finally
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆูุฑุช ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ
02:58
crack the code.
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ู„ููƒ ุงู„ุดูุฑุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง.
02:59
In 1801 the race was on between
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1801 ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ุจูŠู†
03:02
Egyptologists in Britain and France
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ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุงุช ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ูˆูุฑู†ุณุง
03:05
to be the first to translate the entire
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ู„ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุชุฑุฌู…
03:08
system of hieroglyphs.
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ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡.
03:09
In the end, it was a young Frenchman
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ
03:11
named Jean-Franรงois Champollion who
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ุฌุงู† ูุฑุงู†ุณูˆุง ุดุงู…ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
03:14
became the first person to understand
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ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ูŠูู‡ู…
03:16
hieroglyphs since the ancient Egyptians
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ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ู‚ุฏู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู†
03:19
themselves, nearly two
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ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู†
03:20
thousand years earlier.
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ุฃู„ููŠ ุนุงู….
03:22
Here's Penelope Wilson, Professor
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠู†ูŠู„ูˆุจูŠ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู† ุŒ ุฃุณุชุงุฐุฉ
03:24
of Egyptian Archaeology at Durham
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ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุขุซุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ
03:26
University, explaining more about
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ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุงู… ุŒ ุชุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†
03:28
this remarkable young Frenchman
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน
03:31
to BBC Radio 4's, In Our Time:
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ู„ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ 4 ุŒ ููŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ู†ุง: ู„ู‚ุฏ
03:34
He was certainly a prodigy, I think
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ูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
03:35
as far as language is concerned,
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุŒ
03:37
but also had a fascination for
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูุชูˆู†ู‹ุง
03:38
Egypt I think, and the story is he
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ุจู…ุตุฑ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
03:41
was taught Coptic by a Coptic priest,
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ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุจุทูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุงู‡ู† ู‚ุจุทูŠ ุŒ
03:43
and at that lecture was one of the
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ูˆููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ู…ู†
03:45
first to argue that Coptic was
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ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฌุงุฏู„ูˆุง ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุจุทูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช
03:47
related to ancient Egyptian. So, he
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ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู…ุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
03:50
was also encouraged in this by his
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ุดุฌุนู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุดู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุŒ
03:51
older brother so I think there was
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ู„ุฐุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡
03:53
soon to be no holding him back,
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠุนูŠู‚ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุŒ
03:55
once he got the bug he was
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ูุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุตูŠุจ ุจุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุชู…
03:56
encouraged and he
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ุชุดุฌูŠุนู‡
03:57
made great strides.
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ูˆุฎุทู‰ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
03:59
When Penelope Wilson calls
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตูุช ุจูŠู†ูŠู„ูˆุจูŠ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู†
04:01
Champollion a prodigy, she
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ุดุงู…ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง
04:03
means someone young with
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ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ุดุงุจู‹ุง ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจู…ูˆู‡ุจุฉ
04:04
a great natural talent for
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ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู„ุดูŠุก
04:05
something, in this case,
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ู…ุง ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุŒ
04:07
studying languages.
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ูŠุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช.
04:08
Added to his natural ability was
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ุฃุถูŠู ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
04:10
a fascination with Egypt and
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ุงูุชุชุงู†ู‡ ุจู…ุตุฑ
04:13
the encouragement of his
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ูˆุชุดุฌูŠุน
04:14
brother, so Champollion soon
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ุดู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฑุนุงู† ู…ุง
04:17
got the bug - suddenly developed
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ุฃุตูŠุจ ุดุงู…ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฎู„ู„ - ุทูˆุฑ ูุฌุฃุฉ
04:19
a strong enthusiasm for something.
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ุญู…ุงุณู‹ุง ู‚ูˆูŠู‹ุง ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
04:22
In English, we often add a noun to
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ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงุณู…ู‹ุง
04:24
describe exactly what someone is
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ู„ูˆุตู ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุต
04:26
enthusiastic about - so, for example,
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ู…ุชุญู…ุณ ู„ู‡ - ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ
04:29
the skiing bug, for someone
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ุญุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุŒ ู„ุดุฎุต
04:31
who loves to ski.
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ูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ.
04:33
Champollion was so enthusiastic, there
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ูƒุงู† Champollion ู…ุชุญู…ุณู‹ุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ
04:35
was no holding him back - an idiom to
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠุนูŠู‚ู‡ - ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
04:38
say that you are doing something
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ูƒ ุชูุนู„ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง
04:40
so eagerly, you cannot
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ุจุดุบู ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ
04:42
be stopped.
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ุฅูŠู‚ุงูู‡.
04:43
The story goes that he worked so
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ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„
04:45
hard deciphering hieroglyphs, when
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ุจุฌุฏ ููŠ ููƒ ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง
04:47
he finally finished, he ran through
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ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ุฑูƒุถ ููŠ
04:48
the streets of Paris shouting,
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ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุจุงุฑูŠุณ ุตุงุฑุฎู‹ุง ุŒ `` ู„ู‚ุฏ
04:50
'I've done it!', before
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ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ! '' ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู†
04:52
collapsing unconscious.
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ูŠู†ู‡ุงุฑ ูุงู‚ุฏู‹ุง ู„ู„ูˆุนูŠ.
04:54
Rob, earlier you asked me which
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ุฑูˆุจ ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณุฃู„ุชู†ูŠ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุณุงุจู‚ ุนู†
04:56
pharaoh ordered the
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ุงู„ูุฑุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู…ุฑ
04:57
Stone to be written.
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ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ.
04:59
Yes. And what did you say?
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ู„ุชุŸ
05:01
I thought it was Cleopatra.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุงุชุฑุง.
05:03
Was I right?
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ูˆูƒู†ุช ุงู„ุญู‚ุŸ
05:04
Well, Cleopatra was from the same
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู„ูŠูˆุจุงุชุฑุง ู…ู† ู†ูุณ
05:06
dynasty but a little later than the
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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู†
05:09
correct answer, which was
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ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช
05:10
b) Ptolemy, the pharaoh who
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ุจ) ุจุทู„ูŠู…ูˆุณ ุŒ ุงู„ูุฑุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ
05:13
ruled from around 300 BCE.
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ุญูƒู… ู…ู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 300 ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ.
05:16
OK. Let's recap the vocabulary
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ
05:19
we've learned, starting with
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ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุŒ ุจุฏุกู‹ุง ู…ู†
05:21
hieroglyphs - symbols used
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ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ - ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
05:23
represents words in ancient Egypt.
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ุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ.
05:26
The challenge was to decipher them -
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููƒ ุฑู…ูˆุฒู‡ุง -
05:29
to uncover the meaning of writing
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ู„ู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
05:31
which is difficult to read or understand.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตุนุจ ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ูู‡ู…ู‡.
05:33
Maybe they contained pearls of
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุขู„ุฆ
05:35
wisdom - wise words, sayings or advice.
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ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ - ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ุฃูˆ ู†ุตุงุฆุญ.
05:38
The hieroglyphic code was finally cracked
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ุชู… ููƒ ุงู„ุดูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง
05:42
by Jean-Franรงois Champollion -
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฌุงู† ูุฑุงู†ุณูˆุง ุดุงู…ุจู„ูŠูˆู† -
05:44
a prodigy or young person
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดุงุจ
05:46
with a great natural talent.
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ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจู…ูˆู‡ุจุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ.
05:48
When Champollion got the bug,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุญุตู„ ุดุงู…ุจู„ูŠูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุŒ
05:50
or suddenly became very
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ุฃูˆ ุฃุตุจุญ ูุฌุฃุฉ ู…ุชุญู…ุณู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง
05:52
enthusiastic about
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05:53
understanding hieroglyphs, there
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ู„ูู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุบู„ูŠููŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ู…
05:56
was no holding him back - nothing could stop
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ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠุนูŠู‚ู‡ - ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
05:59
him from succeeding.
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ูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ.
06:00
And nothing can stop us
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ูˆู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ู†ุนู†ุง
06:01
from saying goodbye, because
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ู…ู† ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุฏุงุนู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ุฃู†
06:03
our six minutes are up!
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ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุช ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช! ู…ุน
06:05
Goodbye!
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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ!
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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